Influence Of Industry Research Articles

Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Automotive Industry: A Process-Oriented Review

The holistic shift from traditional supply chain to sustainable supply chain has been practiced in different industries for many years. The automotive industry, as one of the largest and most influential industries in the world, could have a substantial effect on the movement toward a sustainable society. Despite the growing body of literature in the field of sustainable supply chain management, there is no review article that comprehensively synthesizes the state-of-the-art research in the automotive industry. To cover this gap, this paper reviews the sustainable supply chain management literature in the automotive industry published between 1995 and 2017. A systematic review and content analysis were conducted to collect the studies and analyze their content. The content analysis was structured based upon a set of key business processes following the Integration Definition Function (IDEF0) method, which is a structured approach of analyzing business processes. The study provides a practical guideline for designing a sustainable automotive supply chain and culminates with the outlined research gaps and recommendations for future research.

Consequences of alcohol consumption mixed with Energy Drink. Overview of systematic reviews

The habit of teenagers and young adults to take alcoholic beverages mixed with Energy Drinks (AmED) is increasing. Epidemiological data are of concern but awareness of the problem between consumers and health workers is scarce. To compare the effects and damages from consumption of AmED compared to alcohol. Finding documents through the interrogation of seven biomedical databases. Overview of systematic reviews assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias respectively with the AMSTAR checklist and ROBIS tool with narrative synthesis of results. Six systematic reviews of low quality and high risk of bias met the inclusion criteria. The intake of AmED seems to determine the increase in state of vigilance, reduction of sedation and possible effects at physiological level; there are no significantly different cognitive or psychomotor effects. The evidence to support a lower perception of alcohol intoxication is insufficient; controversial are those in favour of an increase in alcohol intake or risky behavior. The results of experimental studies, which unlike nonexperimental could identify a cause-effect relationship, are often statistically insignificant and do not lead to a unanimous consensus on the different effects/damages of two consumption patterns. The authors of three reviews declare conflicts of interest with an ED producer, raising the problem of industry's influence on research. The current evidence is insufficient to confirm or refute the hypothesis that intake of AmED results in significantly different effects/damage compared to alcohol. However, the magnitude of phenomenon must act as a push for further studies promoted by independent researchers.

LEADERSHIP BALANCE: IKLIM KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI PEKERJA MILENIAL DAN CUSTOMER DALAM HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

<br /><table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="value"><p>Hospitality Industry is one of the influential industries to support economic<br />growth in Indonesia, the culinary industry is one of it. The incraseing number of<br />culinary industries certainly requires considerable human resources, along with that<br />situation, young workers or millenial generation is currently in a productive age.<br />However, in fact, amid the development of this culinary industry, the leader experienced<br />some difficulties, one of them is to balance the demands of customers in this era of<br />globalization that critical enough for a product or service that they will use, along with<br />millenials workers who tend to be difficult to regulate. The discussion of this research is<br />how leaders in the culinary industry address this phenomenon, as well as the<br />appropriate leadership style for this situation.<br /><strong>Keywords : Hospitality Industry, Leadership, Millenials, Culture Organization, </strong><strong>Climate Organization</strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

Identifying energy inefficient industries vulnerable to trade dependence of energy sources

Korea has transformed itself from a developing country to an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member country and a donor for developing nations. It has ranked among the world’s top 10 energy-consuming countries. Its industrial sector depends heavily on the utilization of fossil fuels and consumes more than 45% of national energy expenditure. Plausible concerns about industrial energy inefficiency can upset the structural dependence of the whole Korean industry on the energy sector. Using Korea’s industrial input–output data from 2010 to 2012, this research conducts a simulation analysis on trade suspension resulting from shocks provided by each of the six energy industries. This study investigates the propagation of these shocks across 160 industries. We found that the petroleum, electricity, and town gas industries are the most influential energy industries in terms of diffusion of trade shocks to other industries, and the number of propagation steps of energy shocks decreases over time due to the industries’ unimproved energy inefficiency. Therefore, governments need to address this interdependence within energy sectors and between energy and non-energy industries, with integrated policies for energy efficiency and contingency plans.

Energy shocks and detecting influential industries

An industry's relationship of supply and demand with the energy sector can be a critical factor in the stability of its economic performance. Furthermore, the patterns of industry dependence on energy industries can be a major characteristic of entire industrial structure. This research evaluates industries' impact scores for their overall influence on other industries and vulnerability to supply and demand shocks from the energy sector. The study utilizes a sample of Korea's industrial input–output tables from 2010 to 2012. Using a chain of complementary methodologies, this study finds that among four clusters, energy, services, and raw materials are key members that can spread energy shocks to other industries. Therefore, governments need to prepare effective energy efficiency policies for these target industries.

A comparative study of the different costing techniques and their application in the pharmaceutical companies

After its induction in the 19th century, the pharmaceutical industry covered a long way and now it became one of the most successful and influential industries in the world, with both praise and controversy on its part. The current study is performed on the pharmaceutical firms working in the Punjab (Pakistan). Like the other profit-driven organizations, the main aim of the pharmaceutical firms is to earn the maximum profit. The profitability also depends on the costing system. The current paper evaluates the costing systems, the level of satisfaction regarding the costing system, the major problems faced during the costing process and the best method of costing in the pharmaceutical sector. The questionnaire was designed for the collection of data from 130 pharmaceutical companies working in the Punjab. For the data analysis, the descriptive statistics and the graphical method were used. The significant result of the study is that most of the organizations used the marginal costing and many managers are satisfied with the costing system which they are using.

When evidence is not enough: a case study on alcohol marketing legislation in Brazil

This case study identifies the influence and mechanisms that the alcohol industry in Brazil has been able to bring to bear to maintain self-regulation in the marketing of beer and many wines set against a trend of increasing alcohol consumption in Brazil, particularly among young people and women. It identifies the forms of power and strategies used by the alcohol industry in Brazil that may be useful for other countries to consider in seeking to move from self-regulation to state regulation of alcohol marketing. A review was conducted of recent legal documents and court cases, as well as the activities of alcoholic beverage industries. Because of an exemption, Brazilian law had established that both beer and many wines are not alcoholic beverages for marketing purposes. These beverages are subjected to industry self-regulation codes. Research shows that beer and wine marketing often violates industry codes, with little or no enforcement of penalties for non-compliance. Attempts to include beer and wine in the legal definition of alcohol have been opposed by the alcohol industry, and the courts have delegated responsibility to the legislature. The recent legal activities surrounding alcohol sales during the 2014 World Cup games in Brazil provide evidence of the alcohol industry's influence on the legislative process. The alcohol industry in Brazil plays a significant role in the formulation of public policies on alcohol, especially regarding the regulation of marketing. This power is exercised by strong lobbying of government officials responsible for public policies.

A process to establish nutritional guidelines to address obesity: Lessons from Mexico

In 2010, the Mexican government implemented a multi-sector agreement to prevent obesity. In response, the Ministries of Health and Education launched a national school-based policy to increase physical activity, improve nutrition literacy, and regulate school food offerings through nutritional guidelines. We studied the Guidelines' negotiation and regulatory review process, including government collaboration and industry response. Within the government, conflicting positions were evident: the Ministries of Health and Education supported the Guidelines as an effective obesity-prevention strategy, while the Ministries of Economics and Agriculture viewed them as potentially damaging to the economy and job generation. The food and beverage industries opposed and delayed the process, arguing that regulation was costly, with negative impacts on jobs and revenues. The proposed Guidelines suffered revisions that lowered standards initially put forward. We documented the need to improve cross-agency cooperation to achieve effective policymaking. The 'siloed' government working style presented a barrier to efforts to resist industry's influence and strong lobbying. Our results are relevant to public health policymakers working in childhood obesity prevention.

Pharmaceutical direct-to-consumer advertising and US Hispanic patient-consumers.

Hispanic Americans use prescription medications at markedly lower rates than do non-Hispanic whites. At the same time, Hispanics are the largest racial-ethnic minority in the USA. In a recent effort to reach this underdeveloped market, the pharmaceutical industry has begun to create Spanish-language direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) campaigns. The substantive content of these campaigns is being tailored to appeal to the purported cultural values, beliefs and identities of Latino consumers. We compare English-language and Spanish-language television commercials for two prescription medications. We highlight the importance of selling medicine to a medically under-served population as a key marketing element of Latino-targeted DTCA. We define selling medicine as the pharmaceutical industry's explicit promotion of medicine's cultural authority as a means of expanding its markets and profits. We reflect on the prospects of this development in terms of promoting medicalisation in a US subgroup that has heretofore eluded the pharmaceutical industry's marketing influence. Our analysis draws on Nikolas Rose's insights concerning variations in the degree to which certain groups of people are more medically made up than others, by reflecting on the racial and ethnic character of medicalisation in the USA and the role DTCA plays in shaping medicalisation trends. A video abstract of this article can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZabCle9-jHw&feature=youtu.be.

The Impact of Industry on Oncology Research and Practice

Public scrutiny has increased over potential conflicts of interest among oncology researchers and providers. Given the increased prevalence and complexity of industry relationships, oncologists are increasingly faced with ethical challenges when navigating their financial relationships with industry. Oncologists are continually dealing with changing conflict of interest policies within academic centers and professional societies. With the recent passage of The Sunshine Act, oncologists are beginning to understand the repercussions of this new law. The consequences of the increasing use of direct-to-consumer advertising on patients with cancer are also unclear. Finally, industry's perspective on the evolution of these relationships is not clearly understood. This manuscript discusses issues related to industry's influence on oncology practice and research.

A Troubled Solution: Medical Student Struggles with Evidence and Industry Bias.

This empirical work attends to the tensions and contradictions medical students articulate when they discuss their objection to industry's influence in medicine. Findings are based on 50 semi-structured interviews with medical students who are critical of the pharmaceutical industry's influence in medical education in the United States and Canada. These students advocate evidence-based medicine (EBM) as one solution to the problems with industry influence in medicine; namely industry bias in medical research. This investigation is an effort to understand why EBM is posed as a solution to industry bias in light of the literature demonstrating the ways that what is considered 'evidence-based' is influenced by industry. Participants articulate a struggle to find the 'best' evidence in a context where industry interests are integral in the production of medical knowledge.

Uneasy subjects: Medical students' conflicts over the pharmaceutical industry

In this article I report on an investigation of the pharmaceutical industry's influence in medical education. Findings are based on fifty semi-structured interviews with medical students in the United States and Canada conducted between 2010 and 2013. Participant responses support the survey-based literature demonstrating that there is clear and pervasive influence of the pharmaceutical industry in medical education. They also challenge the theory that medical students feel entitled to industry gifts and uncritically accept industry presence. I investigate how medical students who are critical of the pharmaceutical industry negotiate its presence in the course of their medical education. Findings suggest that these participants do not simply absorb industry presence, but interpret it and respond in complex ways. Participants were uncomfortable with industry influence throughout their medical training and found multifaceted ways to resist. They struggled with power relations in medical training and the prevailing notion that industry presence is a normal part of medical education. I argue that this pervasive norm of industry presence is located in neoliberal structural transformations within and outside both education and medicine. The idea that industry presence is normal and inevitable represents a challenge for students who are critical of industry.

Websites of note.

Websites of note.

Bias at the gate?: The pharmaceutical industry's influence on the federally approved drug compendia.

As of 2002, the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had approved Neurontin, a drug developed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer, for two uses, the treatment of epilepsy and pain related to shingles. A staggering ninety-four percent of Neurontin prescriptions in the prior five years, however, were for other (non-FDA) approved uses. These other uses effectively tripled Medicaid’s costs for the drug between 1998 and 2003. Insurance companies covered the off-label uses because they appeared in the Drugdex compendium, a federally authorized listing of drugs that includes evidence regarding the drug’s effectiveness, clinical indications, and proper dosing. Drugdex included an additional forty-eight uses for Neurontin, ranging from bipolar disorder to the hiccups. Two other federally approved compendia existed at that time; one listed seven uses for Neurontin while the other listed only one.

Implications for alcohol minimum unit pricing advocacy: What can we learn for public health from UK newsprint coverage of key claim-makers in the policy debate?

On May 24th 2012, Scotland passed the Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) Bill. Minimum unit pricing (MUP) is an intervention that raises the price of the cheapest alcohol to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms. There is a growing literature on industry's influence in policymaking and media representations of policies, but relatively little about frames used by key claim-makers in the public MUP policy debate. This study elucidates the dynamic interplay between key claim-makers to identify lessons for policy advocacy in the media in the UK and internationally. Content analysis was conducted on 262 articles from seven UK and three Scottish national newspapers between 1st May 2011 and 31st May 2012, retrieved from electronic databases. Advocates' and critics' constructions of the alcohol problem and MUP were examined. Advocates depicted the problem as primarily driven by cheap alcohol and marketing, while critics' constructions focused on youth binge drinkers and dependent drinkers. Advocates justified support by citing the intervention's targeted design, but critics denounced the policy as illegal, likely to encourage illicit trade, unsupported by evidence and likely to be ineffective, while harming the responsible majority, low-income consumers and businesses. Critics' arguments were consistent over time, and single statements often encompassed multiple rationales. This study presents advocates with several important lessons for promoting policies in the media. Firstly, it may be useful to shift focus away from young binge drinkers and heavy drinkers, towards population-level over-consumption. Secondly, advocates might focus on presenting the policy as part of a wider package of alcohol policies. Thirdly, emphasis on the success of recent public health policies could help portray the UK and Scotland as world leaders in tackling culturally embedded health and social problems through policy; highlighting past successes when presenting future policies may be a valuable tactic both within the UK and internationally.

Parallel Problems: Applying Institutional Corruption Analysis of Congress to Big Pharma

Dennis Thompson and Lawrence Lessig are leading thinkers in the realm of institutional corruption, the notion that inappropriate dependencies and conflicts of interest undercut the ethical foundations of institutions on which society relies. Both are particularly known for their work on institutional corruption as it affects government and politics. This essay examines the applicability of their writing to the private sector, particularly as it relates to vital and influential industries like pharmaceuticals.

Commercial bank credit risk management based on grey incidence analysis

PurposeThis paper attempts to analysis the credit risk at the angle of industrial and macroeconomic factor using grey incidence analysis method.Design/methodology/approachCredit asset quality problem is one of the obstacles limiting the further development of commercial banks; the research on credit risk becomes an important part of the implementation of a commercial bank's risk management. Different industries may have different effects on the credit risk of commercial bank. This paper proposes finding out the different incidences between industries and credit risk, as well as macroeconomics. Incidence identification method is established to investigate whether the industry and macroeconomic factor could affect an impaired loan ratio of a bank using the grey incidence analysis method.FindingsThe results indicate that the impaired loan ratio differs with diverse industry's influence and the macroeconomics also affect it. From the angle of the industry, the result can also determine the risk deviation scope in the grey risk control process which offers new content and ideas within the grey risk control.Practical implicationsUnder the guidance of the principle of “differential treatment, differential control”, this research will help to strengthen the implementation of differentiated credit policy, focus on guiding and promoting the optimization of credit structure, so as to maintain a reasonable size of credit facilities and build a steady currency credit system.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in finding the top five influent industries compared with others by using one of the newest developed theories: grey systems theory.

Abstract PL04-03: Controlling tobacco use in minorities and the underserved.

Abstract The control of tobacco use among minorities and the underserved, calls for addressing large tobacco-related disparities. The leading cause of death in minority communities is usually a tobacco-related illness such as heart disease, cancer and stroke. These often exceed deaths caused by AIDS, homicides, diabetes and accidents in the most vulnerable communities worldwide. U.S. Minorities, such as American Indians, Koreans, Vietnamese, those of low socioeconomic status, and Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) individuals smoke at a higher rate than European Americans. They tend to suffer a higher burden of disease due to the use of tobacco. But even when minority groups, such as Hispanic/Latinos (H/L) smoke less than European Americans (EA); or as African Americans (AA), start smoking later in life; tobacco related morbidity and mortality rates are still significantly higher than for their EA counterpart. Unfortunately, even when minorities want to quit, they face many obstacles and barriers that make it particularly difficult. To control tobacco use in minority and underserved communities we need to address the disproportionate targeting by the tobacco industry, development, advertising and marketing of menthol and other cigarettes that appeal to ethnic minority markets, the prevalence of tobacco retailers in low income neighborhoods where many minorities live, lack of access to adequate health care, the effect of low educational attainment; and the need to close loopholes in existing tobacco control laws that are impacting minorities in particularly important ways. We must focus on examining what is happening among minority youth, as most smokers begin a trajectory of addiction at an early age. We face particular challenges in countering the influence of new tobacco products that are very attractive to the younger segments of minority populations. For example it is not uncommon that despite an FDA ban on flavored cigarettes youth and young adults in minority and underserved communities become hooked on flavored tobacco products. This includes young adult Hispanic/Latinos and LGBT among whom the prevalence of flavored cigar use is higher than across other population groups. Objective three of the Tobacco Education and Research Oversight Committee (TEROC) of California calls for eliminating tobacco-related disparities among the underserved, and achieving equity in all aspects of tobacco control among California's diverse populations. To control tobacco use in these populations, equity and cultural competency standards need be incorporated in all aspects of tobacco control agencies, programs, processes, practices, and in the infrastructure. Strong prevention programs that delay or prevent initiation of tobacco use; increasing the numbers of minorities who quit using tobacco; and regulating through the new FDA Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act the tobacco industry's influence, are essential elements of a comprehensive tobacco control program that can make a difference in controlling tobacco use among minorities and the underserved. Citation Format: Lourdes A. Baezconde-Garbanati. Controlling tobacco use in minorities and the underserved. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PL04-03.

The directions of regional development of Raska Municipality

The important natural and human resources situated on the territory of the Raska Municipality, provide a good basis for its regional development. Previous development plans marginalized these resources due to influence of industrialization. Available resources were used in a small scale. The task of this research is to perceive current geographic changes that happen among nature, population, settlements and economy. The perceived changes show complex situation in this area that had not been studied by regional geographers. The aim of this research is to define natural and human directions of development that could provide even regional development of Raska Municipality. Various literature and fieldwork (especially observation and interviews) provided data for this research. The future development plans for Raska Municipality should consider possibilities of agriculture, mining and tourism development. These activities will contribute to the regional development. These activities are also factors of the revitalization of its rural parts.

The Pharmaceutical Industry's Role in Defining Illness

The pharmaceutical industry's influence on the process of defining illness can be positive, as when drug companies increase public awareness of disease and develop effective therapies, or negative, if it pushes the boundaries of illness too far in pursuit of profit.