Industrial And Organizational Psychology Research Articles

Improving disaster response through the science of work

The effectiveness of a disaster response effort is heavily reliant upon the disaster responders themselves. When disaster workers are unqualified or unsuited for the work or are poorly trained, the effectiveness of the disaster response will be greatly reduced. Industrial-Organizational (I-O) Psychology is a field of study which specializes in the science of work, using research-based interventions to address worker and workplace challenges. The integration of I-O Psychology into disaster response research and practice holds significant promise in improving disaster response work by addressing labor issues commonly faced in disaster response settings. This article illustrates two areas in which I-O Psychology can be used to improve disaster worker outcomes: worker selection and team training.

Unstructured Data Analysis and Visualization “Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology(2010~2017)”

빅데이터가 보급되면서 비정형자료 분석기술에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있으며, 방대한 양의 학술 데이터에서 가치 있는 정보를 도출해 내는 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 대부분 대용량 텍스트를 인간이 수동적으로 분석하는 것은 시간과 노력이 많이 들고 어려우므로 이를 보완하기 위해 자동으로 분류해줄 수 있는 기술이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 2010년부터 2017년까지 발간한 ‘한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직’ 논문의 주요어, 논문제목, 초록과 같은 비정형자료를 이용하여 분석하고 시각화하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주요어를 워드클라우드로 시각화한 결과 ‘조직몰입’이 빈번히 사용되었으며, 직무만족, 직무열의, 이직의도, 정서노동 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 논문제목과 초록을 LDA 확률에 근거하여 자동으로 10개의 주제로 분류하였으며, 주제 8(조직/몰입/지각)이 가장 높았고, 주제 5(행동/관리/상사)는 가장 낮았다. 셋째, 주저자와 교신저자와의 관계는 6개의 큰 집단과 다수의 작은 집단으로 나타났으며, 집단 내의 유력자를 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 방대한 양의 학술 데이터에서 보다 빠르고 쉽게 정보를 도출하여 제공함으로써 관련 연구자들이 또 다른 연구에 접근할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있다는데 의의를 둔다.

Working holistically: Body, mind, spirit, social world and political context

This paper sets out a holistic model for psychological working that covers understanding a person as being a body, mind and spirit situated in a social world and a political context. It explained how clinical psychologists in therapeutic work, in research and as a group can understand, formulate and intervene in holistic ways.

Temperamental workers: Psychology, business, and the Humm-Wadsworth Temperament Scale in interwar America.

This article traces the history of a popular interwar psychological test, the Humm-Wadsworth Temperament Scale (HWTS), from its development in the early 1930s to its adoption by corporate personnel departments. In popular articles, trade magazines, and academic journals, industrial psychologist Doncaster Humm and personnel manager Guy Wadsworth trumpeted their scale as a scientific measure of temperament that could ensure efficient hiring practices and harmonious labor relations by screening out "problem employees" and screening for temperamentally "normal" workers. This article demonstrates how concerns about the epistemological and scientific credibility of the HWTS were intimately entangled with concerns about its value to business at every step in the test's development. The HWTS sought to measure the emotional and social dimensions of an individual's personality so as to assess their suitability for work. The practice of temperament testing conjured a vision of the subject whose emotional and social disposition was foundational to their own capacity to find employment, and whose capacity to appropriately express, but regulate, their emotions was foundational to corporate order. The history of the HWTS offers an instructive case of how psychological tests embed social hierarchies, political claims, and economic ideals within their very theoretical and methodological foundations. Although the HWTS itself may have faded from use, the test directly inspired creators of subsequent popular personality tests, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. (PsycINFO Database Record

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Kanta-arkiston käyttökokemuksia työterveyshuollossa

Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön laatiman Sote-tieto hyötykäyttöön -strategian tarkoituksena on mahdollistaa, että terveydenhuollon ammattilaisella on käytössään ajantasainen potilastieto ja työtä tukevat tietojärjestelmät. Tietojen vaihto yli organisaatiorajojen toteutetaan valtakunnallisen Potilastiedon arkiston (Kanta-arkiston) avulla. Arkistoon on tallennettu tietoja lähes kaikista suomalaisista ja sen käyttö lisääntyy terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten keskuudessa koko ajan.
 Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää Kanta-arkiston käyttöä työterveyshuollossa. Sähköinen kysely lähetettiin työterveyslääkäreille, työterveyshoitajille, työfysioterapeuteille ja työterveyspsykologeille kesällä 2017 ja siihen vastasi yhteensä 359 henkilöä.
 Tulokset osoittavat, että Kanta-arkistoa pidetään hyvänä ideana, mutta sitä käytetään vielä vähän. Vastaajat kokevat, että tietojen haku on hidasta, tarvittavan tiedon löytäminen hankalaa ja potilastietojen tallentumisessa Kanta-arkistoon on ajoittain viivettä. Lisäksi Kanta-arkistossa näkyvät potilaskäyntien päivämäärät eivät aina välttämättä vastaa käynnin todellista ajankohtaa. Työterveyshuollon ammattilaiset uskovat muiden ammattilaisten hyödyntävän työterveyshuollossa syntyneitä tietoja, vaikka kokevatkin, että Kanta-arkiston avulla kokonaiskuvan saaminen potilaan hoidon tilanteesta ei onnistu helposti.
 Tietojen ajantasainen kirjaaminen ja niiden tallentuminen Kanta-arkistoon mahdollistaa potilaalle parhaan mahdollisen hoidon, kun ammattilaiset saavat tarvittaessa esille potilaan koko terveys- ja sairaushistorian. Vaikka Kanta-arkiston käyttö on vielä osin hankalaa ja tietojen löytämisessä on vaikeutta, voidaan kuitenkin sanoa sen täyttävän tarkoituksensa ja hyödyttävän työterveyshuollon ammattilaisen työtä. Tulevaisuudessa tilanne tulee paranemaan, kun Kanta-arkistoon toteutettavan tiedonhallintapalvelun kautta saadaan ammattilaisille käyttöön kooste potilasta koskevista keskeisistä terveystiedoista.

If Robust Science Is Relevant Science, Then Make I-O Psychology Research More Relevant: Thoughts From a Practitioner Point of View

As a practitioner with 25 years of experience applying industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology concepts to address business challenges, I want to expand upon the point that “robust science is relevant” (Grand et al., 2018, p. 10)—specifically, that making two changes in the field's research direction could greatly increase the impact, value, and credibility of I-O psychology in the broader world of work.

Robust Science: A Review of Journal Practices in Industrial-Organizational Psychology

The focal article (Grand et al., 2018) provides an exemplary roadmap for improving the practice of robust science in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology, which includes recommendations for authors such as practicing robust science, even in the absence of reward. However, authors are faced with practical constraints; to succeed in our field, we must publish, at least occasionally, in prestigious journals to secure scholarships, awards, employment, grants, and tenure. We can practice robust science (commonly referred to as “open science” or “reproducible research”) without reward—but only to some extent, if there is no support from our gatekeepers. After all, it is difficult to influence the field without a job and research funding.

Victim Precipitation: Let's Not Silence That Voice

Cortina, Robello, and Holland (2018) advance a case for the danger of using the victim precipitation model in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology—a model that is interpreted as suggesting that characteristics and behaviors of victims may influence criminals to select them as targets, in effect blaming victims for crimes committed against them. This “victim blaming” found its way into criminology, criminal justice, sociology, and other disciplines, resulting in revictimization and in the exoneration of violent criminals, among other undesirable outcomes. We agree with Cortina and colleagues that these outcomes, then and now, are unacceptable: Victims cannot and should not be blamed for their aggressors’ actions, and aggressors should unequivocally be held accountable for their crimes. This extends to workplace mistreatment. Using the operationalizations of generalized workplace harassment, workplace incivility, sexual harassment, and abusive supervision as guides (Rospenda & Richman, 2004, as cited by Cortina et al., 2018; Magley, Williams, & Langhout, 2001; Tepper, 2000; Walsh & Magley, 2014), we define workplace mistreatment as any interpersonal interaction in the workplace that creates an oppressively intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment that extends beyond acceptable evaluative and professional actions given situational demands (e.g., poor performance reviews, layoffs during downsizing/mergers/acquisitions, discipline, etc.). Although an unpopular point of view, we maintain that whether or not victims influence the contexts that facilitate victimization in the workplace is an empirical question. This research continues to be scientifically valuable, relevant, and practical, and it is necessary to more fully understand workplace mistreatment (Barling, 1996; Cortina, Magley, Williams, & Langhout, 2001). Two principal reasons drive this position: (a) the lack of scientific, data-driven evidence to support the exclusion of the victim precipitation model and (b) the potential harmful premise of its replacement, the perpetrator predation model. Elucidating our thoughts on these reasons will occupy our commentary.

DGP Interstitial Lung Disease Patient Questionnaire

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) encompass different heterogeneous, mainly chronic diseases of the pulmonary interstitium and/or alveoli with known and unknown reasons. The diagnostic of ILD is challenging and should be performed interdisciplinary. The medical history is of major importance and therefore, in German-speaking countries the Frankfurter Bogen (published in 1985) was utilised to scrutinise the medical history of the patient. This by now more than 30-years-old questionnaire requires a revision with regard to content and language. Under the auspices of the clinical section of the DGP the new Interstitial Lung Disease Patient Questionnaire was developed in collaboration amongst pulmonologist, occupational medicine physicians and psychologists and supported by patient support groups. The questionnaire was finally optimised linguistically with the help of patients. The newly developed patient questionnaire for interstitial and rare lung diseases encompasses different domains: initial and current symptoms, medical history questions including prior drug treatments, previous pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases, potential exposition at home, work and leisure time as well as family history and travelling. The newly developed questionnaire can facilitate the diagnosis in patients with suspicion on interstitial lung disease in clinical routine.

Health care professionals' perspective on return to work in cancer survivors

Health care professionals play a significant role in cancer survivors' decisions regarding return to work (RTW). While there is ample research about cancer survivors' views on RTW, little is known about the views of the professionals who accompany them from diagnosis to recovery. The study explores professionals' perceptions of cancer survivors in the RTW context, as well as their views about their own role in the process. In-depth interviews (N=26) with professionals specializing in physical or mental health working with working-age cancer survivors: occupational physicians, oncologists, oncology nurses, social workers, and psychologists specializing in oncology. An analysis of the interviews revealed 2 prominent perceptual dimensions among professionals: the cancer survivor's motivation to RTW and understanding illness-related implications upon returning to work. The 2 dimensions imply the following 4 groups of cancer survivors in the RTW context, as viewed by health professionals: the "realist," the "enthusiast," the "switcher," and the "worrier." The results also indicate that social workers and psychologists view their role in terms of jointly discussing options and implications with the cancer survivor, while physicians and nurses view their role more in terms of providing information and suggestions. The training of professionals should increase awareness of the assumptions they make about cancer survivors in regard to RTW. Additionally, training might elaborate professionals' view of their role in the interaction with cancer survivors regarding RTW.

What kind of shoes does a social worker wear? A content analysis of four occupational prototypes

ABSTRACTEvidence suggests that occupational prototypes have an impact on career decisions, through the mechanism of self-to-prototype matching, yet the literature provides scant information about the nature of these occupational prototypes. This study examines the prototypes of four common occupational choices of psychology students in the UK (social worker, primary school teacher, occupational psychologist and clinical psychologist). Data were gathered through four focus groups (N = 24) and were analysed with a quantitative content analysis to produce descriptions of the four occupational prototypes. It was found that the occupational prototypes were detailed and multi-dimensional, incorporating a wide range of features not directly related to the job itself including information about clothing, leisure activities and home décor. Implications for career development theory and career practice are discussed.

Psychological Characteristics in Talented Soccer Players - Recommendations on How to Improve Coaches' Assessment.

Psychological characteristics, including personality traits and psychological skills, have been shown to be relevant predictors of soccer performance. In research, general and sport specific standardized self-report questionnaires have been applied in psychological diagnostics of sports talent. However, with regard to the assessment of psychological characteristics of talented soccer players, a gap between research and practice is apparent. While soccer clubs often ask their coaches to assess their players on self-designed, unevaluated scouting sheets, research widely neglects expert coaches’ and clubs’ perspectives on relevant performance characteristics. As we believe that expert coaches’ assessments could be a valid predictor of a player’s current performance and future success, we provide recommendations on how to improve coaches’ assessment of psychological characteristics. As the quality of the assessment of psychological characteristics is crucial, we provide recommendations on how to ensure the central diagnostic standards: objectivity, reliability, and validity in talent assessment. Further, we argue that assessing psychological characteristics should combine self ratings of players and external ratings of coaches in talent development. Sport psychologists should assist clubs and coaches in improving the diagnostics of psychological characteristics as well as in embedding psychological diagnostics and interventions in the talent development process.

Psychological support for sport coaches: an exploration of practitioner psychologist perspectives

ABSTRACTIn the present study we add to the literature by exploring the degree to which UK practitioner psychologists perceive themselves able to support sport coaches, and how professional training prepares psychologists for coach work across performance domains. Ten participants comprising seven sport and exercise psychologists with Health Care Professions Council (HCPC) practitioner psychologist status and three trainee psychologists studying towards the British Psychological Society (BPS) qualification in sport and exercise psychology (QSEP) were individually interviewed. All participants reported prior experience of working with coaches across all performance domains. We explored: practitioner’s understanding of the challenges coaches face within their job; practitioner’s experiences of coach work; perspectives about the ways in which practitioners could and should support coaches; and, the degree to which professional training prepares practitioners for coach work. Using recommended procedures of Connelly and Peltzer, content analysis revealed practitioners perceived the challenges faced by coaches are different at grassroots level compared to those working with elite athletes, and that practitioners require skills to provide one-to-one coach support and group-based interventions. All practitioners perceived that training programmes do not adequately equip trainees with skills required for coach work. We discuss the implications for enhancing practitioner training in the UK.

Take-off or abort? Chief Smith and Flight Line in NAS Ionian

Synopsis This case presents the leadership challenges that Chief Petty Officer Amanda Smith navigated as the first woman assigned to lead a Flight Line work center at NAS Ionian, an organization that was characterized by a culture of “hegemonic masculinity.” Failure to effectively lead the work center could have catastrophic consequences, including death of service personnel. Flight Line work centers, located in naval air stations throughout the world, serviced the air operations of aircraft carriers of the US Navy and provided allied air support. The assignment was a test of Smith’s leadership because the NAS Ionian Flight Line had experienced a spate of misconduct by personnel and had failed important maintenance inspections. Chief Smith was tasked to improve the morale and performance of the work center’s sailors who had diverse personal and professional backgrounds. She was also directed to ensure that the work center passed important maintenance inspections despite the challenges of dealing with subordinates, rank peers, and senior officers who had never previously worked with a woman in her role. Research methodology The case study is based on primary data collected from the protagonist, a.k.a. Amanda Smith. The primary data are supplemented with secondary data from published sources. The names of the air station and the protagonist have been altered to protect the identity of individuals in the case. Relevant courses and levels The case is applicable to senior undergraduate courses in HRM performance or talent management, training and development as well as in MBA or other Master’s level courses in management, industrial-organizational psychology, organizational behavior and leadership. Theoretical bases The case deals with leadership style (e.g. Initiating structure – organizing work, giving structure to the work context, defining role responsibility, scheduling work activities; consideration – building camaraderie, respect, trust, and liking between leaders and followers); organizational culture; diversity management; power and influence; and performance management.

The Digital Revolution and the Organization of Work: Contemporary Management Techniques

Viewed from a global perspective, the digital revolution affects organizations as well as individuals. For present purposes, the digital revolution refers to the transformation process of analog data into a digital format. The key driver behind this process seems to be the technological progress in particular within the information and telecommunication industry. To ensure both productive and attractive jobs during times of rapid change, an efficient allocation of work gains in importance. Nonetheless, owing to the strong trend towards digitalization, a window of opportunity for flexible solutions at company level opens. Before this backdrop, the paper addresses in particular the area of knowledge- and project-based work within the service sector. By doing so, the paper attempts to set out where the technological forces and trends are leading the organization of work and what the contemporary management can do to better adapt to this development. To do so, an interdisciplinary research approach is followed, including aspects from labor economics, occupational psychology and business administration. Finally, the investigation identifies concrete management techniques to provide proper tools to meet the demands of modern workplaces.

Respiratory Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injury: Physiologic Changes and Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Applications

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in serious respiratory compromise, impaired cough ability and respiratory failure. Complications include atelectasis and pneumonia. Respiratory failure is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in high cervical cord injuries. Various methods have been used to assist coughing in SCI, including manual and mechanical techniques. Physical therapists can apply certain exercises and maneuvers to augment tidal breathing and expiratory effort, such as respiratory muscle training. For patients with vital capacities <10 to 15 mL/ kg, noninvasive methods such as abdominal binding, the pneumobelt, and face mask-applied ventilators are used to maintain adequate respiration. Phrenic nerve and diaphragmatic pacing provide increased patient mobility, comfort and lower health care costs; breathing pacemakers have increased survival and improved quality of life in individuals with upper cervical cord and brain stem lesions. Tracheostomy should be used only for those patients that have severe bulbar impairment and cannot successfully use airway clearance methods. Even patients with tracheostomyassisted ventilation can be eventually weaned off respirators, provided they meet criteria for spontaneous breathing. Peak expiratory flows should exceed 160 L/m to assure expulsion of airway secretions and the negative inspiratory pressure should exceed -20 cm H2O (variables measured with the tube cuff inflated) before the patient is decannulated. Appropriate vaccinations should be provided for any individual with compromised respiratory function, particularly with regularly scheduled influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines. Management of the physically impaired patient can be a major challenge for family, leading to adverse physical and psychological consequences. Long-term management requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes respiratory, physical and occupational therapists, nutritionists, social workers, psychologists, and home health agencies, all of whom contribute to key aspects of maintaining optimum respiratory function. Life satisfaction is a major consideration in this group of individuals, but it may have a more positive outlook than one would think in someone with significant physical and psychological challenges.

Опросник «Психологическая готовность исполнителя к переходу на управленческую работу»

The article describes the procedure of development and validation of a new questionnaire which measures the level of psychological executor’s readiness for transition to management. In understanding the structure of readiness, we proceed from the idea that the psychological readiness is a consequence of the unfolding process of managerial self-determination, which means that personalistic sense of management and worker’s own estimates as a leader and a Manager are measurable components of psychological executor’s readiness to transition to management. The peculiarity of the questionnaire is a direct measurement of readiness, readiness is not understood as a personal trait, but as an attitude or a mood. The questionnaire showed the presence of construct validity and high reliability, both for internal consistency and retest. This fact allows to use it as a psychodiagnostic tool, which is applicable in the practical work of the organizational psychologist.

A day in the life of an occupational psychologist

A day in the life of an occupational psychologist

Job stress and employees’ productivity in telecommunication sector of Nigeria

People frequently experience stress while they go about their regular lives at home, school, and work. This study looks at workplace stress and how it affects workers' productivity. Using descriptive data analysis, correlation, and regression analysis using SPSS version 22, five factors that contribute to workplace stress were examined: inadequate working conditions, bullying/harassment, increasing workload, hostile work environment, and downsizing. 110 of the 120 questionnaires that were sent to the employees of MTN, Globacom, Airtel, and Etisalat were successfully completed and returned. The results indicated a bad correlation between employee productivity and job stress. According to the research, employers of labour should take every precaution to make sure that there is no stress at work. Moreover, hiring occupational psychologists and stress management specialists is advised