Industrial Monuments Research Articles

Натурное обследование разрушенных промышленных памятников Урала XVII–XVIII вв.

The article considers the formation of the industrial landscape on the territory of the Ural region. The Urals’ modern industrial landscapes are a clear reflection of the centuries-old activity of the Russian state in peopling and developing this area. However, to date, many destroyed industrial monuments have not become the objects of archaeological research and inventory, since they are not recognized as archaeological, and there are no appropriate methods for their search and study. Furthermore, they cannot be identified and described by specialists from other fields of science. There is an opinion that written information is capable of completely independently and fully covering the historical period, but while working with documents it becomes obvious that these sources cannot always replace archaeological research. In domestic textbooks, educational and methodological manuals on archaeology, no attention is paid to the study of the written era sites, and there are no methods for complex historical and archaeological research. The purpose of this work is to analyze the accumulated experience and formulate recommendations for the search, excavation and reconstruction of destroyed industrial monuments of the 17th – 18th centuries. Survey based on data from the written sources makes it possible to identify the location of the site, excavations – to replenish information about the layout, technical equipment of the enterprise. The complex of sources allows creating an animated model of the enterprise using a computer. It is noted that there are significant differences in the methods of search, excavation and reconstruction of sites of the historical period from traditional research procedures.

An Educational Cultural Game for an Industrial Urban Landscape

This paper presents an educational game that aims to enhance students' logical, mathematical, linguistic, and other skills by introducing them to the landscape of Drapetsona, an area in the southern part of Piraeus, Greece, with rich labor history and many industrial monuments, highlighting its industrial heritage and its remains. This educational game is a point-and-click puzzle game with multiple character control. It is aimed at students between the ages of 8-18 years, with graded difficulty depending on the player's age, making it interesting and attractive for any child with moderate access to technology. Our educational structure incorporates inventory, map, and game. A modern platform has been selected for its development that does not require programming and can be easily used by anyone who wants to improve the design of the game. With those digital tools, designing the game is a creative, enabling experience that is accessible to all. The game is currently under construction and a way of evaluating it is proposed.

Activities of Public and Political Actors to Preserve Monuments of Industrial Heritage of Sverdlovsk Region in 1960—1980s

The activity of the inhabitants of the Sverdlovsk region in identifying, studying and preserving the monuments of the industrial past is considered. The author limits the chronology of the study to the 1960s—1980s, when objects of the industrial past of the country were also affected in the framework of security activities in relation to the historical and cultural heritage. The material for the study was both archival documents stored in the Center for Documentation of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region (Yekaterinburg) and published sources. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the activity to preserve the industrial heritage in the Sverdlovsk region has not yet been sufficiently developed, so the study of previous experience may be useful for intensifying this type of activity now. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time on the material of the Sverdlovsk region an attempt is made to analyze all aspects of security activities in relation to industrial heritage monuments. The author distinguished and considered six directions of this activity on specific examples, the most successful of which turned out to be the direction of identifying monuments of the industrial past and putting them on state records. The reasons for the subsequent stop of activities to identify, study and preserve industrial monuments are indicated.

Introduction

Introduction

THE PERCEPTION OF ROMANIAN TOURISTS ON THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE. CASE STUDY: MUNICIPALITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA

The radical changes generated by the process of industrial restructuring and accelerated urban development have brought to the center of attention the industrial heritage as a valuable cultural resource, but at the same time vulnerable. Regeneration projects focused on the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage elements take many forms, from economic, residential to cultural conversions, the latter being correlated with the use of industrial buildings as tourist attractions. The purpose of this study is to identify the interest of Romanian tourists to practice industrial tourism, based on assessing the degree of knowledge and their desire to visit industrial monuments. For this purpose, an online questionnaire was applied, the results of which were statistically interpreted using the Covariance Analysis (ANACOVA). The main results of the study reflect the fact that there is a low share of Romanian tourists who know the significance of the concept of industrial heritage and who consider it attractive. Selecting 5 representative industrial buildings for the Municipality of Cluj-Napoca selected as a case study, only a third of the respondents stated that they know them. However, there is a relatively high interest of respondents to visit industrial monuments, mentioning as main motivations: the age of the buildings, the specific architecture, and curiosity or even form of reuse of industrial monuments. Almost half of the respondents stated that they would introduce industrial buildings in their travel itineraries if they were better promoted. The main conclusion of the study is that industrial tourism is not sufficiently promoted at national level.

Neolithic bone shovels of Britain: replication and reflection of a neglected artefact type

The earliest industrial monuments in Britain are the Neolithic flint mines, dating to around 4000 bce. These mining shafts, which tunnel deep into chalk geologies, evidence the extremes that ancient Britons were willing to resort to in order to obtain valuable raw materials. Numerous scholars, marvelling at the excavation processes and hand tools used to aid the extraction of flint, have studied the flint-mining industry. Recognition of a toolset including antler picks, scapula shovels and possibly woven baskets has led to multiple experiments into artefact replication and testing, with the least emphasis on the scapula shovel. This article explores the results of an experiment designed to bridge the gaps in the understanding of the scapula shovel, as well as active and future research aims, in an attempt to bring this neglected artefact type out of its current obscurity.

Reflections on Industrial Heritage Transformation in Slovakia (based on a Case Study)

In the paper, we have a look at one of the most popular and most used forms of protection of industrial heritage today: transformation. Central Slovakia is the region with the most industrial monuments and sites in Slovakia and many of them are more or less aesthetic elements of the local landscape since the Middle Ages. However, except of some popular destinations, Central Slovakia does not belong among the regions with high attendance of domestic and foreign tourists. Several industrial monuments are in poor condition and located in remote places where tourists rarely venture. In this article, we would like to point out transformation and adaptive reuse as an appropriate form of protection for industrial monuments and have a closer look at the potential of rural regions and small towns. As a positive example of a conversion, we analyze the Čiernohronská Forest Railway in Čierny Balog in more detail. We focus not only on its positive economic and aesthetic impact on the surrounding landscape and people’s lives, but also on building prestige and an important position of the rural and unattractive touristically region in comparison with popular and prestigious tourist destinations.

Digital Archiving of Historical Water Utilization Structures Using an Interdisciplinary Method

Human efforts to regulate watercourses and the use of water energy in their favour goes back into the past. Although historical water management and utilization structures are the proof of that, only a small number of such structures have been preserved. The article deals with the applied research of the use of modern geodetic laser scanning stations in combination with photogrammetric digital technologies for creating technical documentation and digital visualization of historical structures and national cultural monuments. Specifically, in this case, we will focus on the water utilization buildings – the water mill and water sawmill in the National Open-Air Museum, Rožnov pod Radhostěm, Czech Republic. Digital twins created using modern technologies may well serve not only for geo-tourism purposes but also as basis for potential future reconstruction or redevelopment projects. Keywords: 3D visualization; Digital photogrammetry; Digital twin; Industrial monuments; Laser scanning. DOI 10.35180/gse-2021-0046

Potencijali kulturno-istorijskog i turističkog nasleđa za razvoj turizma u Timočkom regionu

In recent years, the term "industrial tourism" has been increasingly used in the literature. It describes an area that includes industrial monuments and abandoned buildings, and above all rare ones that are still in function. Industrial tourism includes all plants used for food processing, wood processing and textile industry, there are also mills, ports, mines, car and aviation industry, shipyards, etc. Within the doctoral dissertation entitled "Potentials of cultural-historical and economic heritage for the development of industrial tourism in the Timok region", a research was conducted that deals with the growing interest of industrial tourism in Eastern Serbia, more precisely in the Timok region. This branch of tourism is no longer a sphere of interest only for certain groups of technical experts, but also for regular tourists who are interested in touring certain regions. The aim of the research is to present the possibilities for the development of industrial tourism in the Timok region, as well as to obtain data on the current situation. The research is based on the experiential information of tourism workers who, due to the nature of their work and interests, are relevant to the proposed topic. The surveyed respondents are employed in the field of tourism in various positions, as well as students who are educated in the field of tourism. The data obtained during the research indicate respondents believe that the media do not sufficiently inform potential tourists about industrial tourism attractions, the potential of the tourist offer, but also about the Timok region itself, both locally and beyond, in Serbia and abroad. Such data indicate the possibility of improvement through the application of an adequate strategy to promote and inform potential users, as well as the insufficient usage of the industrial potential of the region itself. Investing certain resources in the marketing and development of industrial tourism would create additional demand, and this would result in the improvement of the tourist offer. Valorization of industrial heritage in Eastern Serbia can stimulate regional identity, revitalize the area and create additional tourist attractions. Plans and results from certain projects of this type are very important for the region, but also for the state.

Sustainable development of industrial heritage tourism – A case study of the Industrial Monuments Route in Poland

The main goal of our research was to identify, characterize and discuss the main types of business models that can be found in touristic heritage sites that have been transformed into such from former industrial facilities or were newly created to pass on the heritage values. The research is a continuation of our study that started in 2017 on on Polish touristic sites, that are associated on a touristic route – Industrial Monuments Route of Silesian Voivodeship . This route is located in southern part of Poland and it is the largest industrial route in the country. Our research revealed, organized and complemented the different types of business model transformation that took place in the analysed sites, among them is the post-production organization model which is the most frequently occurring one. This model applies to touristic ventures or cultural institutions that are former production or extraction facilities. Thanks to the transformation of those sites they suite now to fulfil their new touristic function, even if originally they have been designed for other purposes. The use of such transformed business models has also proven itself as an effective and in many cases the only way to preserve and save cultural heritage from degradation. • Heritage tourism constitutes a unique value for post-industrial society. • The transformation of a business model in a former industrial enterprise is an effective method for preserving heritage. • There are three main and several complementary models of industrial enterprises transformation. • Along with the transformation of the basic function of the enterprises, their business models also change. • Business model transformation from production into services initiates a key change in terms of creating value proposals. • The transformation also fundamentally changes how value is appropriated by the enterprise.

The Role of the All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments in the Identification, Examination, and Conservation of Industrial Heritage Monuments in 1960–1990

The Role of the All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments in the Identification, Examination, and Conservation of Industrial Heritage Monuments in 1960–1990

Проблемы и перспективы приспособления памятников промышленной архитектуры г. Челябинска

Проблемы и перспективы приспособления памятников промышленной архитектуры г. Челябинска

Measuring Trust in Business Relations between Tourist Facilities on One Thematic Touristic Route

The aim of this article was to identify features and attributes of tourist facilities that affect trust among them and allows estimating the level of trust among any given site on a touristic route. The level of trust can be a key feature that affects the capability of tourist facilities to create and enter complex relations. It is also crucial for planning their future and sustainability. Therefore, measuring trust between tourist facilities plays a major role in the management of inter-organizational relations. The authors used statistical methods in order to identify features that influence the level of inter-organizational trust between these kinds of facilities. The analyzed data comes from research that was conducted in 2017 and describes 42 tourist facilities that operate within the Industrial Monuments Route (IMR)—a Polish route in the region of Silesia. A strong linear correlation was found between variables that described efficiency of communication and trust level. The Classification and Regression Trees (C&RTs) method was used to identify features of tourist facilities that determine the efficiency of communication among them. Afterwards, the obtained data was used to create a multiple regression model that allowed estimating the level of trust between any given site on the route, identifying at the same time that features like communication efficiency, proximity and some institutional similarities have the greatest impact among tourist sites with regard to inter-organizational trust.

Post-mining tourism in Upper Silesia and Czech-Moravian country

Europe experiences the development of post-industrial tourism documenting the time of growth of traditional coal basins. Contemporarily, the processes of deindustrialization take place. The material resources of traditional industry are being liquidated – which is expensive, or are adapted for the needs of tourism, which gives a new chance of development for these regions which are by rule in a difficult economic situation. Polish coal basin where many industrial plants and coal mines were closed as a result of restructurizing may serve as an example. Similar processes, although in smaller a scope, occur in the Czech Republic. Some of the industrial objects and coal mines concentrate certain values that predestine them to be included in the group of post-industrial heritage: the Czech and Polish coal mines from the 19th century, or coking plants and steel plants – as Hlubina in Ostrava Vitkovce. The idea of this article is to connect some Czech and Polish objects with one tourist route. The proposed tourist area starts in Czerwionka-Leszczyny and runs to Ostrava, and includes former industrial objects, old mines equipped with steam engines, patronage housing estates, coking plants, as well as mine waste dumps subjected to natural succession of vegetation. Creation of such route will allow to popularize the landmarks of post-industrial heritage for tourists of both countries, as well as will contribute to the development of services based on tourism. The route could become a common training ground for students of polytechnic departments of mining and environment protection, as it illustrates both the former mining technological processes and the processes of renaturalization of dumping grounds. The visiting sites were selected on the basis of unified criteria such as their age, suitability for tourism and education, as well as because of their originality, authenticity and uniqueness. The proposed tourist route will also connect the Polish Industrial Monuments Route with the monuments and mining museums in Ostrava.

Configuring a Trust-based Inter-organizational Cooperation Network for Post-industrial Tourist Organizations on a Tourist Route

The aim of the paper was to create a configuration model of an inter-organizational network for post-industrial tourist organizations. Nowadays, establishing organized and structured cooperation is necessary not only from a single organization’s perspective, which fights for survival on a highly competitive market, but also from the perspective of a whole touristic region. The quality and social responsibility of a regional touristic product is determined not by a single organization, but by their collective outcome. The main goal was achieved by the analysis of tourist sites, their function within the Industrial Monuments Route (IMR) in Poland, as a case for the conducted study. The authors used trust level indicators as determinants for designating inter-organizational relations in the wrought network model. Those relations concern various forms of cooperation that the researched organizations have selected during a structured interview and were willing to undertake under given conditions. The result is a multi-dimensional model of a cooperation network that can be implemented at IMR and used as a guideline for creating similar models for other thematic tourist routes.

A Business Creation in Post-Industrial Tourism Objects: Case of the Industrial Monuments Route

The aim of this article is to discuss the basic types of business transformations identified in post-industrial heritage sites in the context of changes in business models. The basis for this analysis is the research carried out in 2017 in 42 post-industrial tourism objects, in the Industrial Monuments Route (IMR) largest in Poland, that is a part of European Route of Industrial Heritage. The analysis of historical changes and the documentation of objects, within the Industrial Monuments Route, made it possible to identify three transformation types in business models of these objects. The post-production organization model can be considered the most popular scheme on the analyzed route. It concerns an enterprise or cultural institution, that previously was a production or extraction plant and currently services tourists only. Although these objects were not designed with tourists in mind, they perfectly fulfill this function due to the presented transformations.

Methods of promoting post-industrial sites on the example of the industrial monuments route in the Silesian voivodeship

Methods of promoting post-industrial sites on the example of the industrial monuments route in the Silesian voivodeship

Design and Development of Concretes for Special Rehabilitation Tasks

The requirements for concrete restoration are not only aspects of retrofitting or restoration of bearing capacity but also aspects of preservation of historic structures, such as industrial monuments or civil engineering structures and buildings of the 1960s [1]. Thereby the facsimile replication of the concrete surface is a particular challenge. For the manufacture of delicate and complex structures with restricted accessibility self-compacting concrete (SCC) is well suited [2]. A modification with polymers normally ensures the durability of repair mortars or concretes (PCC) [3]. The combination of PCC and SCC to the Polymer-modified Self-Compacting Concrete (PSCC) for the restoration of historic concrete constructions is the logical consequence, to combine the advantages of both materials and is therefore an interesting alternative to well established materials and methods. Historic concrete constructions are often manufactured of concretes with very stiff consistencies, the so called tamped concretes. So there is a need to develop materials and methods for the rehabilitation of structures made of tamped concrete. For this reason, first investigations have been performed to the recipe development and optimization of its composition, but also properties, furthermore to the design possibilities and how polymers influence the concrete properties. In Germany between 1920 and 1970 industrial buildings and hydraulic structures have been built with concretes, where the content of Portland cement clinker was nearly complete substituted by latent hydraulic materials. The binders of those concretes contain large quantities of blast furnace slag and calcium sulphate and are called super-sulphated cement (SSC). Because of the high sulphate content, the compatibility of concrete structure with SSC is not given to concretes or mortars with other cements. If there is an adequate range of moisture, harmful new formations of phases will occur in the contact zone between SSC-concrete and the other concrete. In the field of rehabilitation PCC are well established. These are polymer-modified mortars or concretes with Portland cement, which are not suitable for the rehabilitation of structures of SSC-concrete. An alternative is the polymer-modification of SSC-concretes with polymers.

УСЛОВИЯ И ПРОЦЕСС СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ Г. ПРОКОПЬЕВСКА

Relevance of the research is predetermined by the necessity of a complex analysis of cities formed on the basis of coal-mining enterprises. The majority of these cities has one main urban component and is considered to be one-company cities. The most striking example of the cities that had been formed and actively developing during the Soviet period, and which are now in a stage of economic stagnation, is coal-mining city called Prokopyevsk, located in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin (Kuzbass). Prokopyevsk, just like many other coal-mining cities of the region, such as Kiselyovsk, Osinniki, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, or Guryevsk, needs to create an attractive environment for reproduction of the main resource – the human capital capable to provide the movement of the region towards the new model of social, economic and widely-settled development. This integrated approach that includes solution of environmental problems, development of new platforms attractive from positions of the urban environment, formation and further development of industrial monuments - the objects revealing the history of coal-mining manufacture, will allow for a significant increase of investment attractiveness of the region’s cities that are alike Prokopyevsk. The article was being written with the use of archive materials and data from various literature sources.

The Life and Work of Miners: Didactic Approaches of Three Mining Places of Memory in Education

The aim of this paper is to present the diversity of teaching approaches and presentations of the gripping educational history of mining using the example of three geographically and institutionally distinct memory locations: i.e. the national monument Michal Mine in Ostrava Michálkovice, the Mine and Museum in Nowa Ruda and the Penzberg Museum in Bavaria, which connects cultural and historical concepts and which is focused on the person, i.e. the miner and his daily work. The individual medallions include summaries of the historical development of the former coal mines, i.e. Michal, Ruben (Nowa Ruda) and Penzberg, a description of industrial monuments for the public or building amining museum and analytical description of educational programmes for school children, with emphasis on the method and didactic media utilised. The conclusion is formulated in the form of a summative comparison of the various components of teaching, based on generally-educational or museum-pedagogical categorisation.