Basin ecological function zoning based on gross ecosystem product.

Under the guidance of the two carbon emission reduction goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, the installed capacity of China 's electrochemical energy storage power stations is constantly expanding, but its associated safety problems are posing severe challenges. In recent years, the fire and explosion accidents of electrochemical energy storage power stations have continued, and the safety problems of energy storage power stations have attracted much attention. In order to strengthen the safety protection of the whole life cycle of electrochemical energy storage power station, this paper reviews the development status of electrochemical energy storage from the perspective of industry and policy, and systematically summarizes the four main risk factors faced by energy storage system: thermal runaway of energy storage battery, electric shock caused by electrical equipment, natural environment under extreme conditions and misoperation caused by staff. Then, the main reasons for these risk factors are analyzed comprehensively: electrochemical energy storage has shortcomings in safety policy, enterprise management, safety technology and industrial ecology. Finally, based on the analysis of the development status, risk factors and causes, this paper proposes a four-layer protection route to strengthen the risk prevention and control of the whole life cycle of the electrochemical energy storage power station. The first layer is the intrinsic safety protection layer, the second layer is the system emergency protection layer, the third layer is the intelligent control protection layer, and the fourth layer is the safety toughness protection layer. These four-layer safety protection routes have certain reference significance for improving the safety of the electrochemical energy storage power station.

This article is based on the background of the digital transformation of sports, aiming to systematically sort out the innovative practices and integration paths of sports technology in multiple fields, in order to provide reference for promoting the development of sports research and application. The study first explains the inevitability of digital technology driving the paradigm transformation of sports science, and then constructs the core system of digital sports technology around four pillars: sports physiological and biochemical monitoring, intelligent intervention and health care, sports big data and artificial intelligence applications, and intelligent equipment and scene research and development. On this basis, the article combines special sports digitalization, emerging therapy applications, sports for special populations, and industrial ecology to analyze the current progress and challenges. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from the aspects of strengthening top-level policy design, deepening the integration of industry, academia, and research, strengthening ethical and data governance, and promoting inclusive development, in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for building a higher-level public service system for national fitness and serving the Healthy China strategy.

Fostering high-quality development of returning entrepreneurs is a powerful measure to further promote the work of “mass innovation and innovation”, an internal way to efficiently use urban and rural resources, and an objective requirement for the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. In July 2020, the Henan Provincial Development and Reform Commission and 24 other departments jointly issued the Implementation Plan on Promoting the High-quality Development of Returning Home and Starting Businesses, which strives to create a fair, efficient, transparent and open business environment, providing a strong guarantee for migrant workers, college students and industrial and commercial enterprises to promote the high-quality development of returning home and starting businesses. How to find an effective way for new quality productivity to help Henan Province’s economic transformation and upgrading, stimulate the vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship, promote the overall revitalization of rural areas, optimize the development of industrial ecology and innovation ecology, and improve the quality of returning to the countryside to start businesses are important issues faced by academics and policy makers. This paper intends to focus on the research on the high-quality development path of returning to hometown entrepreneurship in Henan Province, analyze the current situation of the development of returning to hometown entrepreneurship in Henan, determine the evaluation index system of the high-quality development ecosystem of returning to hometown entrepreneurship driven by new quality productivity, and explore the high-quality development path of promoting Henan Province’s returning to hometown entrepreneurship through empirical analysis. It is expected to help the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization and development in Henan Province, inject new vitality and impetus into the economic and social development of Henan Province, and achieve high-quality economic development of Henan Province.

Betaine, a simple natural zwitterion, is currently attracting widespread attention. Although historically labeled as an osmoregulator in agriculture and a methyl donor in animal nutrition, the molecule is now being repositioned at the forefront of green chemistry and materials science due to its unique physicochemical structure. This review critically explores the expanding horizon of betaine applications, bridging the gap between its established biological functions and its emerging roles in recently reported technologies, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), cocrystal engineering, and sustainable polymer synthesis. Beyond summarizing its versatile functionality across biomedicine, food science, and industrial formulations, we provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the evolution of research trends, identifying a clear focus toward industrial ecology and advanced materials. By synthesizing current advancements and discussing potential future directions, this work highlights betaine not merely as a supplement, but as a versatile molecular component with potential applications in sustainable materials and chemical engineering processes.

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, megacities have become crucial drivers of development. As the country with the largest number of megacities (seven in total), China is confronted with significant challenges such as population–resource–environment conflicts, which render high-quality development an imperative pursuit. This study employs a system dynamics approach to assess high-quality development in China’s megacities. It analyzes interactions among economic growth, technological innovation, environmental quality, and livelihood security under policy regulation, clarifying their evolutionary mechanisms and constructing a model to project the high-quality development index (HQDI) and coupling coordination degree (CCD) among subsystems. Findings reveal an upward trend in both HQDI and CCD across the seven megacities, with notable stratification. Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen form the top echelon, leveraging financial and technological resources, driven by science and green development. Guangzhou and Chongqing constitute the second tier, supported by regional integration and industrial clusters, while Chengdu and Tianjin form the third echelon via regional strategic transformations. In coordinated development, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou lead with multi-link synergy, whereas Chengdu, Chongqing, and Tianjin advance industry–ecology–livelihood coordination through regional strategies. This study offers insights for overcoming development bottlenecks, optimizing policies, and enhancing urban governance to foster a coordinated, high-quality development pattern.

For 60 years, the Environmental Science & Technology research community has helped to define the fields of environmental science and engineering. The research topics have evolved over time to respond to the most pressing societal needs, from treatment technologies and pollution control strategies to address severe environmental pollution, to pollution prevention and industrial ecology to help mitigate emissions, and to defining planetary boundaries for sustainability. Since ES&T launched in 1967, it has helped to create a robust global network of researchers, with researchers from 144 countries now contributing to address critical global environmental and human health challenges. Throughout its six decades, ES&T research has remained highly relevant to understanding, addressing, and advancing solutions to both current and emerging challenges and for developing science-based policies to protect the environment and human health. We are optimistic that the ES&T research community will continue to serve to help shape research and action toward a healthier, resilient, and sustainable planet for all of us in the next 60 years.

Under the national strategic guidance of "shaping tourism with culture and promoting culture with tourism", the deep integration of cultural and tourism industries has become an important path to promote high-quality economic development and meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people. This article is based on the policy practice and typical cases of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, systematically sorting out the five core integration models of policy driven, resource activation, business innovation, technology empowerment, and regional collaboration. Combined with real cases such as the construction of national cultural parks, Sanxingdui cultural and creative development, Xi'an Datang Night City, Digital Dunhuang, and Shanghai Yunnan Cultural and Tourism Cooperation, the implementation path, practical effectiveness, and practical challenges of each model are analyzed. Research has shown that deep integration requires institutional innovation as the guarantee, cultural resources as the core, technological application as the driving force, and scenario innovation as the carrier, ultimately achieving "explicit cultural value, deep tourism experience, and maximum industrial benefits". Research provides theoretical references and practical paradigms for the integration of culture and tourism in the new era, helping to solve the contradiction between resource enrichment and inefficient development, and building a new industrial ecology under the "dual circulation" pattern.

Forest therapy represents a key component of China’s ecological industry and plays a significant role in the rural revitalization strategy. Understanding the economic benefits accrued by local farmers through participation in forest therapy base development is essential for promoting sustainable rural development. Using survey data from 795 non-migrant farmers residing near forest therapy bases, this study examines the impact of forest therapy base development on household income, with distance to the bases serving as the instrumental variable. Control variables include individual characteristics, household attributes, farm types, and regional factors. The Endogenous Switching Regression Model (ESRM) is employed to estimate the causal impact of participation, while quantile regression is used to assess heterogeneity across participation types, farmer categories, and regions, followed by mechanism validation. The results reveal three key findings: (1) The Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) of employment participation is 0.3676, indicating a significant income boost for participating households. Compared to the counterfactual scenario, participation reduces income variability by 6.44%, suggesting higher and more stable household income, especially among new participants. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows an inverted U-shaped impact: Forest therapy-based development participation most benefits middle-income farmers (QR_50). For agriculture-priority farmers, the impact is significant only among high-income groups (QR_75). Regionally, in western China, participation significantly raises income for low-income farmers (QR_25), while in eastern China, the largest gains are observed among middle (QR_50) and high-income (QR_75) farmers. Employment participation has a statistically significant effect on low-income (QR_25), middle-income (QR_50), and high-income (QR_75) households. In terms of the magnitude of the effect, government support has the strongest impact on low-income (QR_25) households. In the group with lower government support, employment participation has a significant effect on low-income (QR_25) and middle-income (QR_50) households, but the effect on high-income (QR_75) households is not significant. (3) Mechanism analysis indicates that both social network reinforcement (38.80% mediation) and ecological behavioral change (27.05% mediation) serve as significant partial mediators, the mechanisms of income enhancement operate through dual pathways. In conclusion, this study reveals that the income effects are characterized by two salient features: pronounced heterogeneity in benefit distribution among farmer groups, and divergent functioning of mediation pathways across regions. These findings underscore the need for targeted, context-specific policies to maximize the equitable and sustainable development of the forest therapy industry within the rural revitalization framework.

ABSTRACT Green amino acid ionic liquid choline glycine ([Ch][Gly]) was prepared and applied as an effective conditioning agent for alum sludge (Al-S) to enhance its suitability as a sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The structural and morphological characteristics of the conditioned sludge were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The modified Al-S was subsequently evaluated for dye adsorption of from both synthetic wastewater containing Methylene Blue Dye (MBD) and real industrial effluent containing Dispersed Yellow Dye (DYD). Adsorption performance was optimised through contact time and operational parameter studies. The maximum adsorption capacity of Al-S reached 14.2 mg g−1 for MBD (30 ppm) after 21 h at a dosage of 1.0 g L−1 and pH 5.6, while a higher capacity of 16.3 mg g−1 was obtained for DYD (20 ppm) after 24 h using 0.5 g L−1 of Al-S at pH 7.0. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and non-spontaneous. Isotherm modelling showed that the Langmuir model provided the best fit, while kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo-second-order mechanism. These findings demonstrate a sustainable valorisation pathway for dewatered alum sludge, offering a low-cost and environmentally benign solution for treating dye-contaminated wastewater within an industrial ecology framework.

This article examines the ecological and toxic hazards associated with gaseous emissions generated by industrial, transport, and technogenic sources. Particular attention is given to the chemical composition ofgaseous pollutants, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia,volatile organic compounds, and highly toxic industrial gases. The study analyzes their impact on atmospheric processes such as the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog formation, andacid precipitation, as well as their adverse effects on human health. Modern treatment and mitigation technologies are reviewed, including mechanical and chemical purifcation methods, adsorption and catalyticoxidation, membrane and cryogenic separation, and biotechnological approaches using microorganisms andmicroalgae. Special emphasis is placed on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology, greenchemistry principles, industrial ecology concepts, and life cycle assessment (LCA) as key tools for sustainable industrial development. The fndings highlight the importance of implementing innovative gaseousemission management technologies to enhance environmental safety, resource effciency, and sustainableindustrial growth in Uzbekistan.

With the rapid development of digital technology, ski resorts are facing an inevitable trend of transitioning from traditional operating models to digital directions. According to the "China Ice and Snow Tourism Development Report (2024)", the number of ice and snow tourists in China during the 2022-2023 ice and snow season reached 312 million, with a revenue of 349 billion yuan. It is expected that by 2025, the number of ice and snow leisure tourists in China is expected to climb to 520 million, with a revenue of 720 billion yuan. Tourism has become an important branch of winter tourism, and the market demand continues to grow. Digital technologies such as 5G, AI, IoT, and big data provide new opportunities for industrial upgrading. Method: Using keywords such as “digital transformation” and “ski tourism resort”, we searched multiple databases such as CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to summarize the theoretical logic of digital transformation in ski resorts. The research team conducted on-site inspections of Chinese national ski resorts such as Yabuli Ski Resort in Heilongjiang, Songhua Lake Ski Resort in Fengman, Jilin, and Chongli Ski Resort in Hebei, winter 2023-2024, to identify the difficulties and proposed targeted paths. 1.Theoretical logic: The connotation of digital transformation is to reconstruct business processes, service models, and industrial ecology through digital technology, with the core goal of achieving efficient resource allocation, upgrading tourist experience, and reducing operational costs and increasing efficiency; The theoretical support is the theory of smart tourism (optimizing the entire tourism service chain with data as the core) and the theory of industry integration (cross-border collaborative innovation of ski tourism and digital technology).2.Difficulties: weak infrastructure, insufficient data application capabilities, traditional operational inertia, and security and privacy risks.3.Path: Infrastructure construction, building a digital foundation; Building a data platform to drive precise decision-making; Upgrade service experience and create intelligent services for all scenarios; Intelligent security management; Ecological synergy, building an industrial digital community. Digital transformation is an inevitable choice for ski resorts to break through development bottlenecks, and it requires coordinated promotion of the transformation process from four dimensions: technology, data, services, and ecology. Is to explore the integration of the metaverse and skiing tourism, focusing on the ethical convenience of digital technology applications and the protection of tourist privacy.

The construction sector faces pressure to decarbonise while addressing rising resource demands and agricultural waste. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a major CO2 emitter, yet biomass residues are often open-burned or landfilled. This study explores corncob ash (CCA) as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM), examining how calcination conditions influence pozzolanic potential and support circular economy and climate goals, which have not been adequately explored in literature. Ten CCA samples were produced via open-air burning (2–3.5 h) and electric-furnace calcination (400–1000 °C, 2 h), alongside a reference OPC. Mass yield, colour, XRD, XRF, LOI, and LOD were analysed within a process–structure–property–performance–sustainability framework. CCA produced in a 400–700 °C furnace window consistently achieved high amorphous contents (typically ≥80%) and combined pozzolanic oxides (SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3) above the 70% ASTM C618 threshold, with 700 °C for 2 h emerging as an optimal condition. At 1000 °C, extensive crystallisation reduced the expected reactivity despite high total silica. Extended open-air burning (3–3.5 h) yielded chemically acceptable but more variable ashes, with lower amorphous content and higher alkalis than furnace-processed CCA. Simple industrial ecology calculations indicate that valorising a fraction of global CC residues and deploying optimally processed CCA at only 20% OPC replacement could displace 180 million tonnes CC waste and clinker avoidance on the order of 5–6 Mt CO2 per year, while reducing uncontrolled residue burning and primary raw material extraction. The study provides an experimentally validated calcination window and quality indicators for producing reactive CCA, alongside a clear link from laboratory processing to clinker substitution, circular resource use, and alignment with SDGs 9, 12, and 13. The findings establish a materials science foundation for standardised CCA production protocols and future life cycle and performance evaluations of low-carbon CCA binders.

Country parks are an important instrument for implementing China’s strategies on ecological civilization and integrated urban–rural development. This study conducted field surveys in seven country parks of Shanghai. Meanwhile, stakeholder seminars were organized with local residents and park authorities. To assess visitor satisfaction, a questionnaire survey was administered both on-site and online. Through case analysis and a policy review, this study systematically identifies key challenges in leveraging country parks for rural revitalization. The findings indicate that visitors highly value the ecological qualities of the parks, and basic infrastructure like roads and resting facilities generally meets expectations. However, shuttle services and smart guiding systems remain notable shortcomings that hinder the overall visitor experience. Moreover, gaps in service quality, local cultural representation, and the depth of nature education constitute the primary weaknesses affecting visitor satisfaction. Regarding rural revitalization, this study identifies four main limitations in the contribution of country parks: (1) Inadequate functional positioning and weak integration with surrounding resources; (2) Low land use efficiency and an unbalanced provision of supporting facilities; (3) Homogenized industrial formats with limited innovation and integration capacity; and (4) Restricted participation of local farmers and underdeveloped multi-stakeholder governance mechanisms. To address these issues, this study proposes four strategic recommendations: (1) Develop distinctive local brands and strengthen synergies with surrounding resources; (2) Promote mixed land use and enhance supporting service facilities; (3) Foster diversified business formats and facilitate the value realization of ecological products; and (4) Expand income-generation channels for farmers and improve multi-stakeholder governance frameworks. The research demonstrates that optimizing the functions of country parks can improve ecological and recreational services and help establish an integrated “ecology–industry–community” framework through industrial chain extension and community participation, thereby supporting rural revitalization.

The realization of rural ecological product value is a crucial measure for implementing the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" and for promoting rural revitalization. Digital technology provides essential support for overcoming the challenges in this value realization process. This paper first defines the core concepts of rural ecological products and their value realization, along with the theoretical foundations, and analyzes the current status of realizing the value of rural ecological products. While progress has been made in areas such as ecological product supply, market-oriented trading systems, financial product innovation, and policy support, significant challenges remain, encapsulated as the "four difficulties": difficulty in measurement, difficulty in using as collateral, difficulty in trading, and difficulty in monetization. The research argues that digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, blockchain, and artificial intelligence fundamentally reshape the entire process of ecological products—from monitoring and accounting to rights confirmation, trading, and management. This is achieved by establishing four core empowerment mechanisms: precise value assessment and quantification, digital rights confirmation, credible and efficient linkage, and value safeguarding. Furthermore, the paper proposes specific empowerment pathways, including strengthening digital infrastructure, constructing a digital value assessment system, promoting digital transformation in production processes, building digital circulation and marketing systems, advancing digital extension of the industrial chain, improving digital supervision and benefit distribution mechanisms, and enhancing the digital literacy of rural stakeholders. This study aims to enrich the theoretical framework for ecological product value realization and provide practical references for local governments in formulating relevant policies and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the rural ecological industry.

Since the 1980s, sustainability has become a central theme in industrial and environmental policies, with growing criticism of linear production systems and increasing emphasis on circular production. Unlike linear systems, which rely on one-way resource flows and generate waste, circular models promote reuse, repair, and recycling, aiming to preserve materials and reduce ecological impact. Within this framework, industrial ecology proposes a closed-loop approach that combines economic growth with environmental sustainability and has laid the conceptual foundation for the circular economy. Highlighted in EU industrial policies, this paradigm seeks to minimize waste and extend the life cycle of raw materials. This study examines the transformation of industrial policies in Turkey within the framework of “industrial ecology” and the “circular economy”. Since 2010, initiatives centered on industrial symbiosis have been introduced in Turkey, strengthening awareness of a production model based on by-product exchange among producers. During this period, practices were implemented in two main categories: the development of regional industrial symbiosis schemes and the transformation of existing Organized Industrial Zones into Eco-Industrial Parks. After 2020, under the influence of the EU Green Deal, the circular economy discourse has become the dominant narrative in policy documents. By analyzing policy documents over the past 15 years, the study demonstrates both the growing institutionalization of circularity and its structural weaknesses. Notably, insufficient attention to spatial dimensions and the risk of reducing circularity to bureaucratic waste trading emerge as critical challenges. Achieving genuine environmental sustainability requires reframing the circular economy beyond technical or economic efficiency, integrating ecological principles, and embedding it holistically within spatial, social, and governance contexts.

Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) are microbial consortia with defined taxonomic and functional traits, so that the combination elicits a predictable response under defined conditions. SynComs are artificially designed to enable inter-species metabolic interactions, metabolic division of labor, and ecological interactions that can elicit phenotypes like colonization stability and environmental adaptation. As an applied tool, SynComs have been deployed in diverse contexts, including agriculture, industry, and environmental ecology. This systematic review explores the processes used to construct SynComs, the mechanisms of metabolic interaction between members, and a review of the different ways that SynComs have been applied. We also explore the challenges for SynCom development and application, and future research directions that could overcome these challenges. SynComs are a powerful tool in our arsenal of applied technologies, but research and application are still nascent. While advances have been made, more research is needed to ensure SynCom technologies do not threaten global ecological security. SynCom technology represents a versatile platform for the controlled manipulation of microbial systems, enabling targeted modification of ecological and physiological processes. This emerging field marks a transition from descriptive biology toward a predictive and engineering-driven framework for understanding and shaping living systems.

Addressing the climate crisis and its impact on jobs has been the focus of much trade union action for a just transition but there has been less emphasis on the role that labour can play in addressing environmental crises. The meat production industry is an example of a global industry that impacts on global warming, human and animal health and the wider environmental crisis. This article examines how the meat production industry functions as a global industry, contributing to increased health risks for consumers and workers and as a major emitter of greenhouse gases. This article uses the concept of subsumption and Marx’s framework of displacements; to show how ecological contradictions underpin current processes of capital accumulation and value creation in the meat production industry. The concept of subsumption is useful as a way of starting to understand the processes that draw human and ‘more than human (MTHS)’ labour into an ecological industry, such as the meat industry. The displacement analysis highlights potential risks for its continued development, which presents opportunities to explore environmental justice in the context of global food security as a public good, working at both local and global levels.

Zigong Dinosaur Lantern Festival is an important representative of China's intangible cultural heritage, and its cultural connotation, communication paths, and cross-cultural adaptation methods deserve extensive attention from the academic community. This paper sorts out the cognitive framework of existing research on the cultural value of Zigong Lantern Festival, analyzes the stages and mechanisms of its international communication, and discusses three major challenges it faces in combination with cross-cultural communication theories: symbolic understanding deviation, unbalanced discourse structure, and insufficient ecological guarantee. The value system of Zigong Lantern Festival is built on the inheritance of historical folk customs, the practice of artistic innovation, and the empowerment of industrial ecology. Its international communication has experienced a development process from cultural exchange attempts, brand output expansion to digital innovation breakthroughs. In terms of cross-cultural adaptation, it is necessary to improve the actual communication effect by optimizing symbolic translation, constructing communication networks, and improving institutional guarantees.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is emerging as a transformative solution to urban traffic congestion and inefficient ground travel. This paper presents the UAM development of Shenzhen, a pioneering city of low-altitude economy in China. It focuses on eVTOL drones for Shenzhen UAM, systematically reviewing the technical challenges, policy support, and practical progress. Firstly, the technical status of eVTOL drone design and research is reviewed, and the multidimensional technologies and application bottlenecks faced by eVTOL drones are identified. Secondly, by combining flight safety technology and urban air mobility regulation technology, the systematic technical challenges of urban low-altitude traffic based on eVTOL drones are analyzed. Furthermore, from the perspective of coordinated promotion of infrastructure and regulation, the foundation of urban air mobility applications is clarified, among which efficient flight approval and large-scale construction of takeoff and landing sites across the entire city represent prominent advantages of Shenzhen’s future air mobility. Then, given the high correlation between the systemic technological challenges of urban air mobility and low-altitude economic policies, this paper reveals the complementary relationship between technological challenges and low-altitude policies based on the current status of Shenzhen’s policy promotion and its impact on technology and industry. Finally, the technical issues and regulatory trends faced by eVTOL drones in urban air mobility in Shenzhen are summarized, and combined with the global and Chinese commercial prospects of manned eVTOL drones, suggestions for the future development of urban air mobility in Shenzhen are proposed from the following four dimensions: technology research and development, infrastructure, industrial ecology, and regional coordination.