Industrial Carbon Emissions Research Articles

Inverted Microdroplets (Microbubbles) Induced Interfacial Water Protonation to Promote Alkaline Release of Amine and Reduce Energy in CCS.

This study engineered a superacidic interface with a pronounced polar electric field within the amine-water system by inducing hydrogen bond charge transfer in interfacial water via inverted microdroplets (microbubbles), thereby stabilizing protons within the interfacial water layer. This mechanism enabled the continuous alkaline release of hindered amines (AMP-MIS), enhancing CO2 absorption load capacity and reducing regeneration energy consumption. Nuclear magnetic resonance and potentiometric titration elucidated the product distribution, while Raman spectroscopy, pH analysis, and conductivity measurements confirmed proton stabilization. Theoretical calculations provided insights into the reaction mechanism. Pilot-scale testing revealed the AMP-MIS system achieved a 74.2% increase in CO2 cyclic load capacity, surpassing the conventional 30 wt % MEA system, with regeneration energy reduced from 3.667 GJ/t CO2 to 1.885 GJ/t CO2. This innovative strategy offers valuable guidance for advancing amine-based decarbonization technologies and reducing carbon emissions in the power industry, representing a pivotal step toward carbon neutrality.

Biochar Aerated Calamus Rotang Block (BAC Block)

This study investigates the incorporation of biochar as a cement replacement along with calamus rotang into Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks. Through a comparative analysis with traditional red bricks and AAC blocks, the project highlights the environmental benefits of BAC (Biochar Aerated Calamus Rotang) blocks, particularly their potential to reduce carbon emissions in the construction industry. A series of experimental studies evaluated the compressive strength, water absorption, density and dry shrinkage test. The results revealed that 1.5% replacement of cement by biochar along with addition of extra 1% calamus rotang shows at most similar properties and value of an AAC block. Thus the findings underscore the importance of exploring alternative materials like BAC blocks to address environmental challenges and promote greener building solutions. Overall, the study advocates for the adoption of BAC blocks as a viable and sustainable option for construction projects, aligning with global efforts toward sustainable development and environmental conservation in the built environment. Key Words: BAC, AAC, Biochar, Calamus rotang, Aluminium powder, Fly ash.

Optimization of Steel Column Design with Tekla Structures to Minimize Embodied Carbon

The construction sector is one of the largest greenhouse gas contributors in the world. The use of raw materials as building materials is the main cause of carbon emissions in the construction industry. The use of steel materials has become very popular because it can be associated with a number of qualities, including its extraordinary durability, resistance to pressure, and flexibility. This is the main cause of steel materials being used massively in construction projects. If this continues for a long time, it will result in increasingly severe global warming. Therefore, a very detailed analysis and calculation are needed regarding the relationship between steel weight, carbon content, and structural strength so that, in addition to being structurally strong, it can be efficient in weight and very minimal in the carbon value released during the work process and the life of the building. Tekla Structures software is one of the software programs that can be used for the above analysis needs, the ultimate goal of which is to reduce carbon emissions. Three (3) different cross-section sizes have been examined using structural analysis, and calculations have been made on the carbon content that can be optimized for the material: H 400.400.13.2, 350.350.10.16, and 300.300.10.15. This study has successfully determined that the column with the size H 300.300.10.15 produces a carbon mass of 629,288.00 kg. (kg CO2e). With the smallest carbon content value and the carbon presentation in the material of 66.23%, the column cross-section with the size H 300.300.10.15 is recommended for use as a column structure cross-section

Research on Stochastic Evolutionary Game and Simulation of Carbon Emission Reduction Among Participants in Prefabricated Building Supply Chains

Developing prefabricated buildings (PBs) and optimizing the construction supply chain represent effective strategies for reducing carbon emissions in the construction industry. Prefabricated building supply chain (PBSC) carbon reduction suffers from synergistic difficulties, limited rationality, and environmental complexity. Therefore, investigating carbon emission reduction in PBSC is essential. In this study, PBSC participants are divided into four categories according to the operation process. Gaussian white noise is introduced to simulate the random perturbation factors, and a four-way stochastic evolutionary game model is constructed and numerically simulated. The study found the following: Stochastic perturbation factors play a prominent role in the evolution speed of the agent; the emission reduction benefit and cost of the participant significantly affect the strategy selection; the operation status of the PBSC is the key to strategy selection, and it is important to pay attention to the synergy of the participants at the first and the last end of the PBSC; the influence of the external environment on strategies is mainly manifested in the loss caused and the assistance provided; and the information on emission reduction is an important factor influencing strategies. Finally, we provide suggestions for promoting carbon emission reduction by participants in the PBSC from the perspective of resisting stochastic perturbation, enhancing participants’ ability, and strengthening PBSC management; external punishment and establishing a cross-industry information sharing platform is more important than the reward.

Industrial Carbon Emission Efficiency in Chinese Cities: Spatial Correlation Networks, Regional Differences and Driving Factors

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Green and sustainable development of industry has gradually become an essential factor for economic development, effective improvement of industrial carbon emission efficiency (ICEE) has a contributing role in realizing industrial carbon emission reduction and sustainable economic development. According to this study, the spatial correlation characteristics and driving factors of ICEE in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration are analyzed by using social network analysis and the QAP model. Empirical results show that (1) the spatial variation of ICEE in YRD urban agglomeration is large, showing a decreasing trend from the southeastern cities to the northwestern cities. (2) The spatial correlation network presents a pattern of development from core cities to edge cities, with Suzhou, Changzhou, Hangzhou, etc. as the center to the south and west cities of YRD urban agglomeration. (3) The ICEE substructures in YRD urban agglomeration have four plates, namely "inflow plate", "outflow plate", "bidirectional outflow plate" and "agent plate". (4) The spatial correlation network of ICEE is significantly influenced by the matrix of differences in research and development capabilities, environmental regulation, and rate of foreign investment.</p>

A Study on the Decoupling Effect and Driving Factors of Industrial Carbon Emissions in the Beibu Gulf City Cluster of China

A Study on the Decoupling Effect and Driving Factors of Industrial Carbon Emissions in the Beibu Gulf City Cluster of China

A comparative study of life cycle carbon emissions of two commonly used simple-supported beam bridges

Carbon emissions from bridge engineering are an important component of the carbon emissions in the construction industry. The life cycle carbon emissions (LCCE) of two commonly used simple-supported beam bridges, hollow slab bridge and T-beam bridge, are studied and compared. Firstly, in order to establish the criteria for the comparison of different bridge types, the principle of equal stiffness is proposed for the superstructures, and the principle of matching load effect with bearing capacity is proposed for the substructures. Based on the above two principles, 6 bridges of 2 types and 3 spans are designed for comparative analysis. Then, a calculation model of the LCCE of simple-supported beam bridges is established, in which four stages, production, construction, operation and demolition stages are included, and the carbon emission factors of each stage are established. Finally, the carbon emissions of 6 bridges designed above are calculated, and the main factors affecting the LCCE of simple-supported beam bridges are discussed. The calculation results show that (1) For the same span, the LCCE of T-beam bridges are about 8–10% lower than those of hollow slab bridges. The reasons for this are that T-beam bridges use 22-32% less concrete and 4.5-11.5% less reinforcement than hollow slab bridges, which reduces carbon emissions during the production and demolition stages, and that the durability of the lateral connections of T-beam bridge is better than that of hollow slab bridge, which reduces carbon emissions from the maintenance and repair of T-beam bridge in the operation stage by about 30%. (2) Carbon emissions in the production stage of simple-supported beam bridges account for 83–84% of the LCCE, 11-12.6% of the LCCE in the operation stage, 3.8–4.5% of the LCCE in the construction stage, and 1% of the LCCE in the demolition phase. Therefore, the reduction of carbon emissions is most effective in the production and operation stages of these bridges. (3) Steel and concrete are the two materials that have the greatest impact on carbon emissions of simple-supported beam bridges. 100% recycled steel can reduce the carbon emissions of bridges by 17.7 -19.2% compared with 50% recycled steel. 50% and 100% recycled coarse aggregate concrete can reduce the carbon emissions of bridges by approximately 2.9% and 5.7%, respectively. (4) The carbon emission of the superstructure of the T-beam bridge is 12.5-14.2% less than that of the hollow slab bridge in the same span, and the differences in carbon emissions of the substructures are very small due to the small differences in the loads they are subjected to. With the increase of bridge span, the carbon emission per unit area of the superstructure of simple-supported beam bridge increases, that of the substructure decreases, and that of the whole bridge decreases firstly and then increases, which makes it possible to choose appropriate bridge span to decrease the carbon emission.

A sustainable industrial waste control with AI for predicting CO2 for climate change monitoring.

A sustainable industrial waste control with AI for predicting CO2 for climate change monitoring.

Evaluation methodology and empirical analysis of carbon emission reduction effect of dual-carbon policy

Global warming poses a major threat to human society. In order to realize sustainable development, China has proposed a “dual-carbon” goal and actively taken measures to reduce carbon emissions. However, large-scale thermal power generation still leads to excessive carbon dioxide emissions, and there is an urgent need to assess the effectiveness of carbon emission reduction and make recommendations. Evaluating the effects of carbon reduction policies can help regions understand the current status of carbon reduction measures. Based on the existing carbon emission reduction assessment methods and concentration index models, this paper proposes two models, CI(EC)t,i and CI(CE)t,i, which are used to assess the regional carbon emission reduction effect and the level of clean energy power generation, respectively. Based on the results of the models, an empirical analysis was carried out on 30 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China, to discuss the trend of carbon emission reduction effect and the level of clean energy power generation before and after the policy was proposed. The results of the study show that: all regions of the country show different characteristics in the trend of carbon emission reduction effect and the level of clean energy power generation; most regions of the country show a decreasing trend in industrial carbon emissions and most regions have an increase in clean energy power generation; the clean energy power generation and technological advances can promote the improvement of carbon emission reduction effect, but there is no positive correlation between the level of clean energy power generation and the carbon emission reduction effect; The level of clean energy power generation and the effect of carbon emission reduction have improved significantly in Liaoning and Shaanxi provinces, which have responded more quickly to the dual-carbon policy. The thesis study helps all regions of China to understand the implementation effect and current situation of carbon emission reduction measures, lays a theoretical foundation for the promotion of subsequent carbon emission reduction work, and at the same time looks forward to the future carbon emission reduction work.

Coordination Analysis and Driving Factors of “Water-Land-Energy-Carbon” Coupling in Nine Provinces of the Yellow River Basin

As an important ecological barrier and economic belt in China, the sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is of great significance to national ecological security and regional economic balance. Based on the coupled and coordinated development analysis of the water–soil–energy–carbon (W-L-E-C) system in the provinces of the Yellow River Basin from 2002 to 2022, this study systematically analyzed the interaction relationship among the various factors through WLECNI index assessment, factor identification, and driving factor exploration. Thus, it fully reveals the spatiotemporal evolution law of regional coordinated development and its internal driving mechanism. It is found that the coordinated development of the W-L-E-C system in different provinces of the Yellow River Basin presents significant spatiotemporal differentiation, and its evolution process is influenced by multiple factors. It is found that the coordination of the YRB presents a significant spatial difference, and Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi, as high coordination areas, have achieved significant improvement in coordination, through ecological restoration and clean energy replacement, arable land intensification, and industrial water-saving technology, respectively. Shandong, Henan, and Shanxi in the middle coordination zone have made some achievements in industrial greening and water-saving technology promotion, but they are still restricted by industrial carbon emissions and land resource pressure. The Ningxia and Gansu regions with low coordination are slow to improve their coordination due to water resource overload and inefficient energy utilization. Barrier factor analysis shows that the water resources utilization rate (W4), impervious area (L4), energy consumption per unit GDP (E1), and carbon emissions from energy consumption (C3) are the core factors restricting coordination. Among them, the water quality compliance rate (W5) of Shanxi and Henan is very low, and the impervious area (L4) of Shandong is a prominent problem. The interaction analysis of the driving factors showed that there were significant interactions between water resource use and ecological protection (W-E), land resource and energy use (L-E), and carbon emissions and ecosystem (C-E). Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Shandong achieved coordinated improvement through “scenic energy + ecological restoration”, cultivated land protection, and industrial greening. Shanxi, Henan, and Ningxia are constrained by the “W-L-E-C” complex obstacles. In the future, the Yellow River Basin should implement the following zoning control strategy: for the areas with high coordination, it should focus on consolidating the synergistic advantages of ecological protection and energy development; water-saving technology and energy consumption reduction measures should be promoted in the middle coordination area. In the low coordination area, efforts should be made to solve the problem of resource overload, and the current situation of low resource utilization efficiency should be improved by improving the utilization rate of recycled water and applying photovoltaic sand control technology. This differentiated governance plan will effectively enhance the level of coordinated development across the basin. The research results provide a decision-making framework of “zoning regulation, system optimization and dynamic monitoring” for the sustainable development of the YRB, and provide a scientific basis for achieving high-quality development of the basin.

Reutilization of steel slag (SS) in super sulfate cement (SSC): A comparative study of SS dosage and carbonation treatment on strength development, hydration behavior and sustainable development.

Reutilization of steel slag (SS) in super sulfate cement (SSC): A comparative study of SS dosage and carbonation treatment on strength development, hydration behavior and sustainable development.

Analysis on Performance and Carbon Emission of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Climate change is a major global challenge, of which carbon dioxide is a particularly significant contribution. The construction industry has a significant impact on carbon emissions, especially the concrete production process, which not only consumes a lot of energy, but also produces a lot of carbon dioxide along with carbonate decomposition. Therefore, the properties and carbon emission analysis of recycled aggregate (RCA) concrete are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the preparation technology of RCA concrete is discussed. Then the factors affecting the performance of concrete and the modification methods of RCA are analyzed to improve the performance of concrete. Finally, the carbon emission of RCA concrete in the raw material production stage is compared with that of conventional concrete. The results show that RCA concrete has only 84.1% of the carbon emissions of conventional concrete, which is a very effective measure to reduce emissions in the construction industry. This paper aims to provide theoretical support for tackling climate warming and reducing carbon emissions in the construction industry by studying the preparation, performance and carbon emissions of RCA concrete materials.

Carbon Emission Accounting and Peak Carbon Prediction of China's Construction Industry from a Whole Life Cycle Perspective

Carbon emission accounting and carbon peak prediction are the prerequisites for carbon reduction in the current construction industry in China, constituting an important basis for fulfilling the responsibility of carbon reduction. To accurately depict the evolutionary trend of carbon emissions in the construction industry, the carbon emissions of the Chinese construction industry were calculated in stages, based on a full life cycle perspective. The Pearson test was used to select the factors influencing carbon emissions in the construction industry, and an extended STIRPAT model was established. The logarithmic mean Divisia index （LMDI） method was used to analyze the factors in the extended model and calculate the contribution rate of each factor influencing carbon emission. Finally, a multivariate nonlinear regression prediction model based on ASO-BP was constructed to explore the evolution of carbon emissions in the construction industry under multiple scenarios, and policy suggestions were proposed for material production, building operation, and construction. The research results showed： ① Under a small sample environment, the atom search algorithm was superior to other traditional intelligent algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy and time. ② Under multiple scenarios, the Chinese construction industry will achieve carbon peaking in 2030； however, under the current population growth scenario, the construction industry will not reach its peak until 2031, lagging behind in the carbon peaking target. ③ Population changes will lead to the postponement of carbon peaking in three stages, particularly having a considerable impact on the operational stage.

Evaluation and mitigation of carbon emissions in energy industry

Evaluation and mitigation of carbon emissions in energy industry

Implementing a provincial-level universal daily industrial carbon emissions prediction by fine-tuning the large language model

Implementing a provincial-level universal daily industrial carbon emissions prediction by fine-tuning the large language model

An assessment of socio-economic and environmental sustainability of tourism management in the UK airline industry

Generally, socio-economic impacts of airline industries around the world have been, often, investigated in the light of income generation and profit-making. Whereas the subject matter of socio-economic impact of airline industry has been grossly researched, apparent gaps still exist in the literature. To be sure, existing research in this area lacks the ability to identify best possible strategies for the Airline industry to achieve sustainability. Similarly, there is a there is a dearth of agreeable recommendations on reduction of e carbon emissions in the airline industry. In our investigation, we argue for a deeper understanding of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of sustainability initiatives taken by the airline industry generally across the world and specifically in the United Kingdom. Thus, the study attempts a comprehensive framework for evaluating the effectiveness of different sustainability initiatives by the airline industry. The innovative approach of this study especially considers the economic, environmental, and social impacts, as well as the feasibility and scalability of the sustainable initiatives.

Impact of Digital Economy Industrial Agglomeration on Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of the Four City Clusters Along the Eastern Seaboard of China

Digital economy industrial agglomeration is significant for economic development and the realization of “dual carbon” goals. Based on the point of interest (POI) data of digital enterprises, this study uses kernel density estimation, a fixed-effect model, a spatial Durbin model, and other methods to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of digital industrial agglomeration in the four major urban clusters along the east coast of China and examines their corresponding influence on carbon emissions, including spatial spillover effects. The key conclusions are as follows: First, digital industry development and the degree of agglomeration display increasing trends. The degree of agglomeration is high in the east and low in the west, with high-value areas characterized by core prominence and orderly expansion. Second, a negative relationship is observed between digital industrial agglomeration and carbon emissions, with specialized agglomeration significantly reducing carbon emissions, while diversified agglomeration has a weaker effect. Third, the influence of digital industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions exhibits spatial spillover effects with heterogeneity. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of regional digital industry agglomeration and have significance as a reference for the formulation of energy conservation and carbon-reduction policies.

High-Powered Computing: Energy Consumption and Its Environmental Impact

The rapid development of High-Performance Computing (HPC) has driven technological advancements but also brought environmental challenges such as high energy consumption, carbon emissions, and electronic waste. This paper develops three core models to systematically analyze these issues and proposes sustainable solutions. Firstly, the paper analyzes the total energy consumption of global HPC centers, dividing it into computing-related energy and non-computing energy (e.g., cooling systems). In 2024, the estimated total energy consumption of the HPC industry was 205 terawatt-hours, which could reach 287 to 328 terawatt-hours under full load conditions. Secondly, by calculating the carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour of electricity, the paper estimates the global carbon emissions of the HPC industry in 2024 to be 7.24 million tons. The third model assesses the environmental impact of electronic waste generated by HPC systems, projecting that by 2030, HPC-related electronic waste will produce 112.8 million tons of carbon emissions, with disposal costs reaching 715 million USD and landfill costs of 6 million USD. Additionally, the study predicts the trends of energy consumption, carbon emissions, and electronic waste in the HPC industry by 2030. The research indicates that by adopting energy-saving technologies, accelerating the transition to renewable energy, and optimizing electronic waste management, the HPC industry can mitigate environmental hazards while leveraging its innovative potential and, based on this, proposes technical design recommendations such as energy-efficient hardware and software, reducing electronic waste, adopting cloud storage, and considering environmental impacts in technical design.

Study on the spatiotemporal differentiation and influencing factors of regional industrial carbon emission efficiency under the background of green development—a case study of Sichuan Province

Industrial carbon emission reduction is not only the need to cope with climate change and environmental pollution, but also an important way to achieve sustainable economic development. This paper first constructs an evaluation system of urban green development index from four dimensions: economy, society, resources and environment. Then, the undesirable super-efficiency SBM model is used to measure the static industrial carbon emission efficiency, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dynamic industrial carbon emission efficiency are analyzed by combining the Malmquist index. Finally, the urban green development index was incorporated into the Tobit regression model, and the impact of energy intensity, urban structure and other factors on industrial carbon emission efficiency was considered. This paper cited 18 cities in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2022 as an example for analysis. The results show that the overall green development level of Sichuan from 2015 to 2022 shows a downward trend, and there is great room for improvement in the level of green development. The average industrial carbon emission efficiency in Sichuan is 0.740, and the difference in industrial carbon emission efficiency is mainly due to the difference in pure technical efficiency. From 2015 to 2022, Sichuan’s industrial carbon emission efficiency showed a trend of first stable and then decreasing. There is a significant positive correlation between the level of green development and the efficiency of industrial carbon emissions. Altogether, the industrial carbon emission efficiency model established in this paper is of vital magnitude to the low-carbon development of regional industry.

Research on the decoupling effect and driving factors of industrial carbon emissions in Hubei province

Under the “dual carbon” goal, the new quality productivity in the industrial energy sector will become an important force in promoting the green and high-quality development of Hubei Province’s economy and society. The article comprehensively uses the Tapio decoupling model and LMDI decomposition method, and empirically analyzes the decoupling effect and driving factors of industrial carbon emissions in Hubei Province from 2006 to 2022 using panel data of industrial industries. Research has found that the growth of Hubei’s industrial economy and carbon emissions have undergone a fluctuating process of "strong decoupling → weak decoupling → expansion negative decoupling". For a considerable period of time in the future, the industrial economic growth and carbon emissions in Hubei will still be in a weak or expanding negative decoupling state. From the decomposition results, it can be seen that the trend of changes in the energy intensity index and carbon intensity index shows a high degree of consistency, and the energy intensity index has become the main factor driving the decrease in Hubei’s industrial carbon intensity index. However, the impact of energy structure effects and industrial structure effects on industrial carbon emissions is relatively weak, and the dividends brought by structural effects are still not significant. On this basis, the article proposes relevant policy recommendations, providing theoretical basis and policy basis for empowering high-quality industrial development in Hubei Province with new quality productivity in the post epidemic era.