Inductive Coupling Research Articles

A Compact 24.5–32.6 GHz CMOS Frequency Doubler Based on Coupled Inductor

A Compact 24.5–32.6 GHz CMOS Frequency Doubler Based on Coupled Inductor

A robust parity‐time‐symmetric hybrid wireless power transfer system with extended coupling range

SummaryInductive power transmission (IPT) and capacitive power transmission (CPT) are currently the two main wireless power transfer technologies. Hybrid power transmission (HPT) systems that combine IPT and CPT can improve transmission performance and are more attractive for some charging applications such as electric bicycles (e‐bikes). However, HPT systems are more sensitive to parameter variations, and the coupling mechanism is prone to misalignment during wireless charging. Therefore, achieving stable output power and constant transfer efficiency over a wide range of coupling coefficient variations is still a major challenge for HPT systems. In this work, the parity–time (PT) symmetry theory is applied to an SS‐type HPT system, and a circuit model of the PT‐based HPT system is developed by using coupling capacitance and coupling inductance. The effect of connecting the plates to the homonymous end or heteronymous end of the coupling coils on the PT symmetry range of the HPT system is discussed. It is found that the heteronymous end connection of the coils can effectively increase the range of constant output power and stable transfer efficiency. Finally, a prototype is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PT‐based HPT system. The transfer power and efficiency remain constant in the PT‐symmetric range, and the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients are smaller compared to IPT and CPT systems with the same parameters.

High-Performance 3-D Silicon-Embedded Coupled Solenoid Inductors With Inserted Magnetic Core

High-Performance 3-D Silicon-Embedded Coupled Solenoid Inductors With Inserted Magnetic Core

Various MPPT Modes and Dynamic Performance of Coupled Inductor Bipolar Multi-Output Converter With no Right Half Plane Zero

Various MPPT Modes and Dynamic Performance of Coupled Inductor Bipolar Multi-Output Converter With no Right Half Plane Zero

An efficient wireless power transfer system planar turn based for implantable medical devices applications

A wireless power transfer system based on inductive coupling for powering implantable medical devices of diverse application is proposed. The system is composed of two resonators based with circular spiral printed on a dielectric substrate. With operation corresponding to the frequency range of medical applications in implants of 403 MHz, and an RF power transfer efficiency (PTE) greater than 50.0 % is obtained with a total reach of 8.0 mm into living tissue. Numerical studies and analyses are carried out in order to investigate the influence of tissues on the frequency response and efficiency of the presented resonators. Through simulations it is possible to establish the maximum input power limit of 120.0 mW of the model to comply with the safety limits of the specific absorption rate (SAR) below 2.0 W/kg. In general, the simulated and measured results demonstrate a good level of agreement. Comparative analyses and conclusions are presented and discussed.

Modeling and analysis of magnetic resonance wireless transmission coil

Wireless transmission technology is a new type of power transmission technology with electric and magnetic fields as the medium. It has more advantages in transmission direction, transmission characteristics, security, and penetration. The model of a magnetically coupled resonant radio energy transmission system is designed. The main parameters such as resonance frequency and mutual inductance are considered comprehensively. The model is designed using the equivalent topological circuit structure of mutual inductance coupling. The equivalent parameters in the circuit topology can be affected by setting the size of the coil, the distance between the coils, the excitation size, and the high frequency. The structure parameters of the whole system are modeled and calculated by the Ansoft Maxwell software. At the same time, the influence on the power and efficiency of wireless power transmission is explored by several factors such as the coil diameter, the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, and the resonance frequency of the system, so as to achieve the purpose of verifying the technical characteristics of wireless power transmission. The key factors that may affect the transmission efficiency and power of the system are analyzed in detail by deriving the calculation model of transmission efficiency and power.

A Study of High Gain DC-DC Boost Converters for Renewable Energy Sources

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the various topologies of DC-DC boost converters which are designed for optimal integration with RES like photovoltaic (PV) systems. Photovoltaic applications demand efficient energy harvesting and management to maximize the conversion of solar energy into electrical power. The DC-DC topologies include switched coupled inductor, basic coupled inductor, coupled capacitor with coupled inductor with a snubber circuit, active clamp, high step-up and three-winding dual switches are considered for study. Each topology is analyzed in terms of its suitability for PV applications, considering factors such as efficiency, voltage gain, and reliability. The basic coupled inductor topology is explored as a reference point, providing a foundation for understanding the subsequent advanced configurations. This work explores and compares several prominent boost converter configurations, incorporating advanced techniques to enhance overall performance and efficiency for RES applications.

Tackling capacitive coupling in broad-band spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) measurements by selecting electrode configurations

SUMMARY Electromagnetic (EM) coupling effects including both inductive and capacitive coupling have long been an essential problem in broad-band spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) measurements at the field scale. Efforts have been made to remove EM coupling numerically or to suppress the effects by modified data acquisition strategies. For near-surface applications with relatively small survey layouts, inductive coupling can be well removed in the mHz to kHz frequency range. With the use of shielded coaxial cables and so-called active electrodes where the amplifiers are mounted at the electrodes, capacitive coupling in sEIT measurements can also be reduced. However, it remains challenging to cope with capacitive coupling between the cable shield and the ground, especially in resistive field conditions. The aim of this study is to deal with this type of capacitive coupling effect by identifying and filtering out sEIT measurements that are strongly affected by capacitive coupling. Based on a correction method for capacitive coupling proposed in a previous study, an approach to estimate measurement errors due to capacitive coupling is presented first. In the second step, a workflow was proposed to calculate the capacitive coupling strength (CCS) for each electrode configuration, which is defined as the ratio of the imaginary part of the impedance induced by capacitive coupling and the imaginary part of the impedance due to the subsurface electrical conductivity. In the final step, measurements with low CCS were selected for inversion and the results were compared with inversion results obtained using the previously developed correction approach. It was found that the filtering method based on CCS is more capable in tackling capacitive coupling compared to using model-based corrections. Spectrally consistent sEIT results up to kHz were obtained using the newly developed filtering method, which were not achieved in previous work using model-based correction.

IOT Based Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Station System

The automotive industry is quickly transitioning from IC engine vehicles to electric vehicles as we enter a new era of automobiles. The growing demand for electric vehicles is also driving up the number of charging stations. In this idea, the automobile is charged wirelessly through inductive coupling using a wireless charging system. All we have to do is pull the automobile into the charging station. Wireless Power Transmission is the process of sending electrical energy from a source to a load over a distance without the need of cables or other conducting wires. This project can open up new possibilities of wireless charging that can use in our daily lives. Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonance is the technology which could set human free from the annoying wires. This system can be used to charge the battery of Electric Vehicle Key Words: Wireless, Power, Transmission, Charging Station, Magnetic Resonance.

A high step-up soft-single switched converter with three coupling inductors

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new high voltage gain converter, which bases on the incorporation of the voltage multiplier cell and the switched coupled inductor technique, having low voltage stress on the switch, which is far from the output voltage. The presented topology is well suited for high step-up applications. By integrating coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cell techniques, a high step-up voltage gain is achieved. All of the semiconductor devices are switched under soft switching conditions, which reduces the switching losses significantly. The switch turns on at ZCS and turns off at ZVS. All diodes have soft-switching features and their reverse recovery problem is obviated due to the leakage inductance. The operation principles and theoretical analysis of proposed converter are presented in details. At the end, the experimental results have been taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 100 W, input voltage of 24 V, output voltage of 300 V, and switching frequency of 100 kHz.

Wireless Power Transfer: A simulation-focused exploration

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is leading a technological revolution, redefining how we transmit electrical energy without the usage of cables or connectors. This exploration peeks into various WPT systems, each offering unique benefits and applications. From magnetic inductive coupling for nearby charging to resonant inductive coupling for power transfer across longer distances, and from capacitive coupling for low-power needs to magnetic resonance coupling for mid-range transmission, this paper presents an introduction to the world of WPT. Through simulations in MATLAB and Simulink, we gain insights into various applications like consumer electronics, healthcare, automotive, and more. Looking ahead, we foresee a future where WPT uses sustainable energy practices and creates entirely wireless environments.

Lightning current Risetime influence on inductive coupling effect of secondary shield cable in substation

Secondary cables are susceptible to lightning surge currents when substation is struck by lightning. Little work has been made to the effects of surge currents in substation secondary cables, particularly the effects of surge current rise time. Six types of simulated lightning surge currents with different rise times, ranging from 5.7 μs to 25.4 μs, were injected into the substation grounding grid, and the inductive voltage from core wire to ground and the shield current in the closed loop of the buried secondary cable were measured simultaneously. The inductive coupling characteristics and the effect of rise time on shielding factor (SF) of buried secondary cables were investigated using time-frequency domain method. The results indicate that the surge current with shorter rise time will induce higher core-wire voltage and higher the shield current on the secondary cable. Double-end grounding of the shielding layer can significantly reduce the cable coupling response, especially reduce the high-frequency component of the inductive voltage at 10 to 100 kHz with steeper surge currents. The SF of secondary cable increases exponentially from 1.91 dB to 8.15 dB as the rise time of the lightning surge current decreases.

Wireless Solar Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

The automotive industry is quickly transitioning from IC engine vehicles to electric vehicles as we enter a new era of automobiles. The growing demand for electric vehicles is also driving up the number of charging stations. In this idea, the automobile is charged wirelessly through inductive coupling using a wireless charging system. All we have to do is pull the automobile into the charging station. Wireless Power Transmission is the process of sending electrical energy from a source to a load over a distance without the need of cables or other conducting wires. Nikola Tesla’s greatest invention was the idea of wireless power transfer. There is no need for human contact with this technology. One technology that may be a step towards the future is wireless power transmission. With the help of this project, wireless charging may become more practical for everyday usage. Magnetic resonance-based wireless power transfer (WPT) is a technology that has the potential to free people from obtrusive wires. Actually, the WPT uses the same fundamental theory known as inductive power transfer that has been studied for at least thirty years. WPT technology has advanced quickly in the last many years. With a load efficiency above 90%, the power transfer distance grows from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters at the mill watts to kilowatts power level. Electric vehicle (EV) charging applications find the WPT highly appealing due to its advancements, as it can be used in both stationary and dynamic charging settings. The WPT technologies that are relevant to EV wireless charging are represented in this presentation. The challenges of charging time, range, and cost can be readily reduced by implementing WPT in EVs. With the widespread adoption of EVs, battery technology is no longer significant. It is believed that the cutting-edge accomplishments would inspire researchers to further both the spread of EV and the continued development of WPT.

A Bidirectional DC Circuit Breaker Based on the Coupled Inductor for HVDC Applications

A Bidirectional DC Circuit Breaker Based on the Coupled Inductor for HVDC Applications

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF POWER SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENTS USED IN FLYBACK CONVERTERS

Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) have become very popular lately due to their superior efficiency and compact dimensions as compared to conventional counterparts which contain low-frequency transformers. This efficiency and miniaturization are connected to several factors, including high operating frequencies typically in the kHz to MHz range, the utilization of ferromagnetic materials for inductive coupling, and the incorporation of active switching components to mitigate energy loss via the Joule-Lenz effect. Enhancing SMPS efficiency implies active circuit elements (diodes, transistors, etc.) sizing and arrangements. This paper presents a practical approach by addressing a series of experiments to analyze and compare the performance of different active components. It starts with the analysis of the PWM generator module from the primary and continues with the field-effect transistors and rectifier diodes in the secondary. The asynchronous flyback topology has been chosen to carry out the experiments. By using the same experimental platform, based on the obtained results, the analysis of behavioral differences between the different components has been performed.

Application of honeycomb pattern to Ti2AlN MAX phase films by plasma etching

The honeycomb pattern possesses a distinctive hexagonal structure capable of seamless repetition on a flat surface, leaving no gaps. Moreover, all arm thicknesses and angles are equal to one another. This remarkable configuration is deemed biomimetic, with numerous examples found in nature. Notably, it exhibits remarkably low density and exceptional mechanical strength. MAX phase films have gathered significant attention due to their exceptional capacity to amalgamate the essential properties of both metals and ceramics. Additionally, they possess the unique ability to effectively mend surface cracks that may arise as a result of friction-wear, restoring the material to a certain degree of integrity. In this study, Ti2AlN MAX phase thin films were deposited on M2 steel substrates by a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system (CFUBMS). 750 °C heat treatment was applied to obtain the produced films in crystalline form. In addition, plasma etching parameters suitable for the phase structure of the deposited film were determined. With the inductive coupling plasma etching (ICP) process, the honeycomb pattern was given to the Ti2AlN MAX phase films with a continuous and smooth geometry at a depth of 2 μm. This study gives ideas for the development of multi-coating systems in which patterns of different geometries are included in a single layer.

A Novel Modularization Method for Voltage Equalization of Ultracapacitor Bank Using Coupled Inductor

The voltage equalization of ultracapacitors (UCs) in a UC bank using coupled inductors is superior due to their advantages of simple control, fast energy transfer capabilities, etc. However, as the number of UCs connected in series or parallel in a UC bank increases, the number of windings on a single core required for balancing also increases. This causes severe mismatches between the inductance of the multiple winding in a single core, making the implementation more complex. Therefore, a novel modularization method is proposed in this paper for a matrix-connected UC bank. The proposed method achieves cell balancing, module balancing, and demagnetization with less number of components. Moreover, the proposed method uses a single pair of complementary pulse width modulation (PWM) signals with a 50% duty ratio for all switches. The energy is transferred from the higher voltage cell to the lower voltage cell simultaneously through the coupled inductors, which increases the balancing speed. The balancing performance of the proposed modularization is validated experimentally.

An Ultra-High Gain Quadratic Converter Based on Coupled Inductor and Switched Capacitor Techniques for DC Micro-Grid Applications

An Ultra-High Gain Quadratic Converter Based on Coupled Inductor and Switched Capacitor Techniques for DC Micro-Grid Applications

Feasibility analysis of wireless power delivery to implanted sensors of XLIF patients

Abstract The paper aims to aid in developing a monitoring system for surgery patients who have undergone lumbar interbody fusion (LIF). The present body of work functions as a comprehensive analysis of relevant available literature along with our investigation regarding techniques for power delivery; both energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) alike. In addition, biological considerations are taken into account as they strongly influence the design and testing methodology of an implanted medical device (IMD). This study proposes using inductive coupling as a power delivery method. This was chosen due to the robust nature of the technology, with the IMD being deeply situated and encased in bone and tissue. Three types of receiver coil architectures were explored and designed around the geometry of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) Nuvasive Coroent XL interbody cage. With the use of off-the-shelf components, functionality was only attainable for the V3 coil design featured with 0.4 mm wire windings around horizontal and vertical beams present on the implant. The secondary coil was resonantly tuned and optimized for a 141 kHz working frequency. At a 100 mm coupling distance, it was demonstrated that a power delivery load (PDL) of 3.94 mA was able to be induced resulting in a power output of 7.21 mW. The recorded PDLs are capable of powering a high pressure P122 sensor, EFM8BB52 microcontroller, and Ultra-wideband (UWB) data telemetry link, and demonstrate the feasibility of this WPT technique for in vivo monitoring of bone fusion post XLIF surgery.

Resonant inductive coupling network for human-sized magnetic particle imaging.

In magnetic particle imaging, a field-free region is maneuvered throughout the field of view using a time-varying magnetic field known as the drive-field. Human-sized systems operate the drive-field in the kHz range and generate it by utilizing strong currents that can rise to the kA range within a coil called the drive field generator. Matching and tuning between a power amplifier, a band-pass filter, and the drive-field generator is required. Here, for reasons of safety in future human scanners, a symmetrical topology and a transformer called an inductive coupling network are used. Our primary objectives are to achieve floating potentials to ensure patient safety while attaining high linearity and high gain for the resonant transformer. We present a novel systematic approach to the design of a loss-optimized resonant toroid with a D-shaped cross section, employing segmentation to adjust the inductance-to-resistance ratio while maintaining a constant quality factor. Simultaneously, we derive a specific matching condition for a symmetric transmit-receive circuit for magnetic particle imaging. The chosen setup filters the fundamental frequency and allows simultaneous signal transmission and reception. In addition, the decoupling of multiple drive field channels is discussed, and the primary side of the transformer is evaluated for maximum coupling and minimum stray field. Two prototypes were constructed, measured, decoupled, and compared to the derived theory and method-of-moment based simulations.