Induction Of Type Research Articles

Differential Utilization of Parental Presence and Premedication for Induction of Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients

PurposeKnown disparities exist in pain treatment between African American, Latino, and White children, and a recent study described ‘adultification’ of Black children, with Black children being less likely to have a parent present at induction of anesthesia and less likely to receive an anxiolytic premedication before proceeding to the operating room. The aim of this study is to identify differences based on race and socioeconomic status when treating children and their families for anesthetic induction. We hypothesize that differences exist such that certain populations are less likely to receive sedative premedication and less likely to have parents present at induction of anesthesia. DesignThis retrospective cohort study utilized demographic data along with types of surgical procedure, type of anesthesia induction, use of premedication, and involvement of child life services (including the plan for parental presence at induction) were obtained for all pediatric patients presenting for anesthetics from February 2019-March 2020. MethodsStatistical analysis consisted of fitting logistic mixed effects models for caregiver presence or for midazolam use during induction, with fixed effects for sex, race, ethnicity, language, public/private insurance, and anesthetic risk, and with provider as a random effect. FindingsA total of 7753 patients were included in our statistical analyses, Parental presence focused on 4102 patients with documentation from child life specialists (Figure 2). Females were less likely than males to have parents present at induction (OR 0.77, CI [0.67, 0.89]). When looking at race, American Indian/Alaskan Native patients (OR 0.23 [CI 0.093, 0.47]) and Black/African American patients OR 0.64 [CI 0.47, 0.89]) were less likely to have a parent present induction than White patients. Patients with private insurance were more likely to have parents present than patients with public insurance (OR 0.63 CI [0.5, 0.78]). These findings held true in age separated sensitivity analysis. For midazolam usage, Asian patients were less likely to receive this premedication (OR 0.65 CI [0.49, 0.86]). ConclusionsThis study supports previous work showing differential use of parental presence at induction based on race. Additionally, it also shows different treatment based on sex and public insurance status, a surrogate for socioeconomic status.

The compatibility of the minimalist foundation with homotopy type theory

The Minimalist Foundation, MF for short, is a two-level foundation for constructive mathematics ideated by Maietti and Sambin in 2005 and then fully formalized by Maietti in 2009. MF serves as a common core among the most relevant foundations for mathematics in the literature by choosing for each of them the appropriate level of MF to be translated in a compatible way, namely by preserving the meaning of logical and set-theoretical constructors. The two-level structure consists of an intensional level, an extensional one, and an interpretation of the latter in the former in order to extract intensional computational content from mathematical proofs involving extensional constructions used in everyday mathematical practice.In 2013 a completely new foundation for constructive mathematics appeared in the literature, called Homotopy Type Theory, for short HoTT, which is an example of Voevodsky's Univalent Foundations with a computational nature.So far no level of MF has been proved to be compatible with any of the Univalent Foundations in the literature. Here we show that both levels of MF are compatible with HoTT. This result is made possible thanks to the peculiarities of HoTT which combines intensional features of type theory with extensional ones by assuming Voevodsky's Univalence Axiom and higher inductive quotient types. As a relevant consequence, MF inherits entirely new computable models.

Fear conditioning and extinction distinctively alter bidirectional synaptic plasticity within the amygdala of an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder

Synaptic plasticity in the amygdala plays an essential role in the formation and inhibition of fear memory; however, this plasticity has mainly been studied in the lateral amygdala, making it largely uninvestigated in other subnuclei. Here, we investigated long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to the medial division of the central amygdala (CEm) synapses of juvenile C57BL/6N (B6) and 129S1/SvImJ (S1) mice. We found that in naïve B6 and S1 mice, LTP was not induced at the BLA to CEm synapses, whereas fear conditioning lowered the threshold for LTP induction in these synapses of both B6 and S1 mice. Interestingly, fear extinction disrupted the induction of LTP at the BLA to CEm synapses of B6 mice, whereas LTP was left intact in S1 mice. Both low-frequency stimulation (LFS) and modest LFS (mLFS) induced LTD in naïve B6 and S1 mice, suggesting that the BLA to CEm synapses express bidirectional plasticity. Fear conditioning disrupted both types of LTD induction selectively in S1 mice and LFS-LTD, presumably NMDAR-dependent LTD was partially recovered by fear extinction. However, mLFS-LTD which has been known to be endocannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R)-dependent was not induced after fear extinction in both mouse strains. Our observations suggest that fear conditioning enhances LTP while fear extinction diminishes LTP at the BLA to the CEm synapses of B6 mice with successful extinction. Considering that S1 mice showed strong fear conditioning and impaired extinction, strong fear conditioning in the S1 strain may be related to disrupted LTD, and impaired extinction may be due to constant LTP and weak LFS-LTD at the BLA to CEm synapses. Our study contributes to the further understanding of the dynamics of synaptic potentiation and depression between the subnuclei of the amygdala in juvenile mice after fear conditioning and extinction.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE INDUCTION-TYPE HEAT GENERATOR. VOLTAGE MODE

Induction type heat generators are widely used in technologies for drying materials of natural and artificial origin. This allows using non-contact action on the heat carrier, unlike traditional heat generators, where air heated by the products of combustion of mineral fuel acts as a drying agent, to exclude the impact of carcinogens on the final product, to ensure fire safety in the absence of an open flame, does not pollute the environment with combustion products in due to their absence. Despite the fairly wide industrial implementation of these technologies, the issue of creating new and improving known induction heating systems for drying technologies of natural and artificial origin remains relevant, and their design methods require further development and generalization. The purpose of this work is to develop, using the method of secondary sources, a mathematical model for the analysis of the three-dimensional magnetic field in a three-phase heat generator of the induction type, taking into account the symmetry of its geometry, powered by a three-phase voltage source. On the basis of the method of secondary sources, a three-dimensional mathematical model of an induction-type heat generator was developed when it is powered by a three-phase voltage source with a load in the form of unbonded ferromagnetic conductive tubes/rods, taking into account the symmetry of the density distribution of secondary sources of the electromagnetic field, which allows rational use of computing resources, conducting analysis influence of the geometrical, electrophysical, mode parameters of the induction type heat generator on heat losses in the loaded, which are heat sources for heating the coolant.

РАЗРАБОТКА КОНСТРУКЦИИ И ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ РАБОТЫ ПАСТЕРИЗАТОРА С ИНДУКЦИОННЫМ НАГРЕВОМ

The use of induction heating for pasteurization of food raw materials is proposed. (Purpose of the study) Creation of an energy-efficient method of heat treatment of food raw materials using a pasteurization tank heated by induction currents. (Materials and methods) The pasteurization container is made of AISI 304 stainless steel. Plates made of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel are welded on the tank to localize the induction heating site. The frame for the inductor was developed using the Fusion 360 automated programming system and printed on a 3D printer made of a polymer material, the choice of which is determined by the maximum operating temperature. A litecenter is selected as the winding of the inductor. Attention is paid to the constructive solution of the location of inductors. The design of the basic electrical circuit of the power part of the prototype device was carried out in the multifunctional program for computer-aided design of electronic circuits Proteus 7.10. (Results and discussion) A prototype induction type installation for pasteurization of food raw materials has been developed. The proposed solution for the arrangement of inductors leads to uniform and rapid heating of the container material and, accordingly, the raw materials in contact with it. The choice of a litzendrate in the manufacture of an inductor made it possible to increase the quality factor at the operating (resonant) frequency of the power unit. Using a thermal imager, thermographic images show a change in the thermal field when the container is heated by different devices. At the same time, the time to reach the required heating temperature with the help of the developed inductor system increases. To control the operation of the prototype pasteurization device, a hardware and software complex has been developed that allows you to set pasteurization parameters, control the process and create a report on the pasteurization session. Thanks to the developed control system, the electromagnetic field can be precisely controlled, which makes it possible to easily heat a small area of the material to a high temperature without affecting the surrounding space. (Conclusions) The proposed pasteurization method is more energy efficient than other methods such as resistive heating, since less energy is required for the same amount of material. The use of induction heating for pasteurization plants of raw materials allows them to be made energy efficient, less bulky, and more environmentally friendly.

Reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in a magnetic field: The energy-momentum balance including the velocity field of the Berry connection from many-body wave functions

The velocity field composed of the Berry connection from many-body wave functions and electromagnetic vector potential explains the energy-momentum balance during the reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. In this formalism, forces acting on electrons are the Lorentz force and force expressed as the gradient of the kinetic energy. In the stationary situation, they balance; however, an infinitesimal imbalance of them causes a phase boundary shift. In order to explain the energy balance during this phase boundary shift, the electromotive force of the Faraday’s magnetic induction type is considered for the Berry connection. This theory assumes that supercurrent exists as a collection of stable quantized loop currents, and the transition from the superconducting to normal phase is due to the loss of their stabilizations through the thermal fluctuation of the winding numbers of the loop currents. We argue that an abrupt change of loop current states with integral quantum numbers should be treated as a quantum transition; then, the direct conversion of the quantized loop currents to the magnetic field occurs; consequently, the Joule heat generation does not occur during the phase transition.

Prediction of very early subclinical rejection with machine learning in kidney transplantation

Protocol biopsy is a reliable method for assessing allografts status after kidney transplantation (KT). However, due to the risk of complications, it is necessary to establish indications and selectively perform protocol biopsies by classifying the high-risk group for early subclinical rejection (SCR). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and risk factors of early SCR (within 2 weeks) and develop a prediction model using machine learning. Patients who underwent KT at Samsung Medical Center from January 2005 to December 2020 were investigated. The incidence of SCR was investigated and risk factors were analyzed. For the development of prediction model, machine learning methods (random forest, elastic net, extreme gradient boosting [XGB]) and logistic regression were used and the performance between the models was evaluated. The cohorts of 987 patients were reviewed and analyzed. The incidence of SCR was 14.6%. Borderline cellular rejection (BCR) was the most common type of rejection, accounting for 61.8% of cases. In the analysis of risk factors, recipient age (OR 0.98, p = 0.03), donor BMI (OR 1.07, p = 0.02), ABO incompatibility (OR 0.15, p < 0.001), HLA II mismatch (two [OR 6.44, p < 0.001]), and ATG induction (OR 0.41, p < 0.001) were associated with SCR in the multivariate analysis. The logistic regression prediction model (average AUC = 0.717) and the elastic net model (average AUC = 0.712) demonstrated good performance. HLA II mismatch and induction type were consistently identified as important variables in all models. The odds ratio analysis of the logistic prediction model revealed that HLA II mismatch (OR 6.77) was a risk factor for SCR, while ATG induction (OR 0.37) was a favorable factor. Early SCR was associated with HLA II mismatches and induction agent and prediction model using machine learning demonstrates the potential to predict SCR.

Outcomes of Children and Adolescents with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Given a Low-Versus Standard-Dose Chemotherapy Regimen for Remission Induction (CALSIII-AML18): A Multicenter, Phase 3, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial

Backgroun d: Intensive chemotherapy is recommended for remission induction of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, life-threatening complications are common especially in vulnerable populations. We investigated whether a low-dose chemotherapy (LDC) regimen would be noninferior to a standard-dose chemotherapy (SDC) regimen for induction remission.This study also aimed to assess whether LDC is not inferior to SDC in terms of survival outcomes. Methods: We conducted a randomized, noninferiority study in children with AML who were admitted to 14 medical centers in China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive two remission-induction courses of either low-dose chemotherapy (LDC) (cytarabine 10 mg/m 2, subcutaneous, q12 hours, 20 doses; mitoxantrone or idarubicin 5 mg/m 2, intravenous, days 1, 3 and 5; and G-CSF 5 mcg/kg, subcutaneous, daily, 10 doses) (n = 246) or standard-dose chemotherapy (SDC) (cytarabine 100 mg/m 2, intravenous, q12 hours, 20 doses; daunomycin 50 mg/m 2, intravenous, days 1, 3, 5; and etoposide 100 mg 2, intravenous, days 1 to 5) (n = 251). Depending on the risk of relapse, patients in complete remission (CR) in both arms received two to three cycles of intensive consolidation chemotherapy and/or underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The primary endpoint was to compare CR rates in patients randomized to the LDC or SDC regimens. The secondary endpoints were to determine the safety of the LDC regimen and to compare the time to platelet and neutrophil count recovery in the two groups. Finally, in a multivariate analysis, we determined the impact of the type of remission induction on the outcome. This trial is registered at chictr.org as # ChiCTR-18000015883 and has been completed. Results: From June 2018 to June 2022,497 participants aged &amp;lt;18 years with de novo AML were randomized. Patients with Down syndrome, promyelocytic leukemia, or megakaryoblastic leukemia were excluded. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or genotype between the two arms. Complete morphologic remission with or without platelet recovery (CR/CRi) was attained in 72.8% and 70.3% of patients assigned to the LDC and SDC arms, respectively, after Induction I and in 95.5% and 95.7%, respectively, after Induction II ( P = .545 for Induction I and .898 for Induction II). Residual disease &amp;lt; 0.1%, as measured by flow cytometry, was observed in 54.8% and 58.9% of patients in the LDC and SDC arms, respectively, after Induction I and in 85.9% and 84.4%, respectively, after Induction II ( P = .229 for Induction I and .827 for induction II). Median time to neutrophil count recovery was 15 days for patients in the LDC arm vs. 22 days for those in the SCD arm after Induction I ( P&amp;lt; .001) and 12 days vs. 18 days for patients in the respective arms after Induction II ( P &amp;lt; .001). Median time to platelet count recovery was 13 days for patients in the LDC arm vs. 19 days for those in the SCD arm after Induction I ( P &amp;lt; .001) and 3 days vs. 8 days for patients in the respective arms after Induction II ( P&amp;lt; .001). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were significantly lower in patients in the LDC arm than those in the SDC arm. In Induction I, febrile neutropenia occurred in 75.2% and 93.2% ( P &amp;lt; .001), colitis in 3.7% and 10.7% ( P = .003), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 0.4% and 4.4% ( P = .006) in the LDC and SDC arms, respectively. In Induction II, febrile neutropenia occurred in 34.4% and 66.9% ( P &amp;lt; .001), lung or sinus infection in 2.8% and 9.3% ( P = .008), and sepsis in 3.3% and 10.7% ( P = .004), in the LDC and SDC arms, respectively. There was no significant difference in treatment-related mortality between the two treatment arms ( P = 204).Compared to patients in the SDC arm, patients in the LDC arm had noninferior 3-year EFS of 61.9% (95% CI: 55.7 to 68.8) vs. 62.2% (95% CI: 56.1 to 68.8)( P = .994) (Figure 1A), and 3-year OS of 81.0% (95% CI: 75.7 to 86.6) vs. 83.2% (95% CI: 78.2 to 88.5) ( P = .485) (Figure 1B). In a multivariate analysis considering known prognostic indicators in pediatric AML, treatment arm was not associated with outcome. Conclusion: In children with AML, remission induction with a low-dose chemotherapy regimen with concurrent G-CSF administration was well tolerated and was associated with CR, EFS, and OS rates that were not inferior to those of patients treated with a standard chemotherapy regimen.

STUDY OF THE PASSAGE OF MAGNETIC FLUXES&#x0D; THROUGH ROLLING ROLLERS AS PART OF MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

Among the wide variety of different converting devices, there are also devices for the direct conversion of mechanical&#x0D; energy into thermal energy. They are of various types, including the induction type. One way to improve&#x0D; the conversion efficiency in such devices is to eliminate air gaps in switched magnetic circuits to increase the intensity&#x0D; of magnetic fluxes. The degree of weakening of the magnetic flux during its passage through the rolling rollers&#x0D; as part of the magnetic circuit has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt is made to quantify&#x0D; the degree of weakening of the magnetic flux in different modes of operation of an unbranched magnetic circuit&#x0D; containing a rolling roller element. The obtained dependencies will make it possible to judge the level of increase&#x0D; in the efficiency of induction devices for the direct conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy with the indicated&#x0D; option of excluding air gaps in the magnetic circuits of the device.

Is conditioned pain modulation (CPM) affected by negative emotional state?

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an experimental paradigm, which describes the inhibition of responses to a noxious or strong-innocuous stimulus, the test stimulus (TS), by the additional application of a second noxious or strong-innocuous stimulus, the conditioning stimulus (CS). As inadequate CPM efficiency has been assumed to be predisposing for clinical pain, the search for moderating factors explaining inter-individual variations in CPM is ongoing. Psychological factors have received credits in this context. However, research concerning associations between CPM and trait factors relating to negative emotions has yielded disappointing results. Yet, the influence of anxious or fearful states on CPM has not attracted much interest despite ample evidence that negative affective states enhance pain. Our study aimed at investigating the effect of fear induction by symbolic threat on CPM. Thirty-seven healthy participants completed two experimental blocks: one presenting aversive pictures showing burn wounds (high-threat block) and one presenting neutral pictures (low-threat block). Both blocks contained a CPM paradigm with contact heat as TS and hot water as CS; subjective numerical ratings as well as contact-heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) were assessed. We detected an overall inhibitory CPM effect for CHEPs amplitudes but not for pain ratings. However, we found no evidence for a modulation of CPM by threat despite threat ratings indicating that our manipulation was successful. These results suggest that heat/thermal CPM is resistant to this specific type of symbolic threat induction and further research is necessary to examine whether it is resistant to fearful states in general. The attempt of modulating heat conditioned pain modulation (CPM) by emotional threat (fear/anxiety state) failed. Thus, heat CPM inhibition again appeared resistant to emotional influences. Pain-related brain potentials proved to be more sensitive for CPM effects than subjective ratings.

Analysis of Obstetric Outcomes by Hospital Location, Volume, and Teaching Status Associated With Non–Medically Indicated Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that non–medically indicated induction of labor contributes to some favorable outcomes compared with expectant management in low-risk pregnancies. Cesarean birth rates have risen in recent years and represent a significant impact on long-term health of both mother and child. Research has connected these 2 phenomena, showing that non–medically indicated induction may reduce the overall likelihood of cesarean delivery, but it is not yet known how these outcomes are affected by hospital facility variables. This study was designed to examine outcome differences in women undergoing non–medically indicated induction at 39 weeks' gestation based on hospital characteristics such as obstetric volume, location, and teaching status. This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study, analyzing births between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011. Inclusion criteria were singleton, nonanomalous births at 39 weeks 0 days' gestation to 41 weeks 6 days' gestation among nulliparous mothers. Births with missing data on induction or hospital type were excluded, as well as births to pregnant individuals with comorbid conditions, placenta previa, breech presentation, stillbirths, and elective or planned cesarean delivery. The primary outcome was cesarean birth, and secondary outcomes included perinatal outcomes of severe maternal morbidity, chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, operative vaginal birth, and obstetric anal sphincter injury, as well as neonatal outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit admission for more than 24 hours, respiratory distress syndrome, and shoulder dystocia. Analysis included 455,044 births, with 24,272 (5.3%) experiencing non–medically indicated induction of labor. Significant differences were found between non–medically indicated induction and expectant management when the sample was stratified by urban versus rural settings. Cesarean birth was significantly less likely among those who underwent non–medically indicated induction, with lower odds for rural (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.68; 99% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.86) versus urban hospitals (aOR, 0.78; 99% CI, 0.74–0.81). For other outcomes assessed based on location, urban hospitals showed significantly lower odds of severe maternal morbidity (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61–0.98), chorioamnionitis (aOR, 0.26; 99% CI, 0.22–0.30), postpartum hemorrhage (aOR, 0.73; 99% CI, 0.65–0.83), operative vaginal birth (aOR, 0.85; 99% CI, 0.79–0.90), and obstetric anal sphincter injury (aOR, 0.90; 99% CI, 0.82–0.98). Odds were also decreased for the neonatal outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit admission for more than 24 hours (aOR, 0.71; 99% CI, 0.66–0.77) and respiratory distress syndrome (aOR, 0.64; 99% CI, 0.57–0.71). In an analysis stratified by obstetric volume, odds of cesarean delivery were lower for those with non–medically indicated induction in both medium- and high-volume hospitals (aORs, 0.86 [99% CI, 0.78–0.94] and 0.73 [99% CI, 0.69–0.77], respectively). Stratified by hospital teaching status, significant differences were found in women who experienced non–medically indicated induction in the areas of race and ethnicity, age, BMI, and insurance type. Odds of cesarean delivery were again lower with induction, both in community and academic hospitals (aORs, 0.78 [99% CI, 0.74–0.81] and 0.67 [99% CI, 0.56–0.80], respectively). No significant differences between hospital types were observed. These findings support previous research showing that cesarean birth rates are lowered by non–medically indicated induction of labor at 39 weeks' gestation and show that previous findings hold across hospitals of different sizes, locations, and teaching status. With the increase in non–medically indicated induction, it is necessary for clinicians to optimize outcomes for mothers and infants using any evidence-based methods available. Further research could focus on variations between clinicians or hospital guidelines or policies. In addition, methods of induction have yet to be analyzed and tend to change over time; these could be opportunities for reanalysis to ensure the most benefit to patients in labor and delivery.

Prepositions “about” and “for” Error Analysis and Teaching Strategy

Based on the combination of descriptive bias corpus and inductive bias types, and supported by contrastive analysis theory, interlanguage theory and bias analysis theory, this paper uses contrastive analysis, literature analysis and statistics to investigate the bias of international students in the use of prepositions “for” and “about”.

Analisis Pengangguran Terbuka di Indonesia

The purpose of this research was conducted to analyze: (1) To what extent does the number of people affect open-mindedness in Indonesia, (2) To what extent does education influence open-sensitivity in Indonesia, (3) To what extent does open inequality affect responsiveness in Indonesia, (4) To what extent does population, education and income inequality influence open resistance in Indonesia. This research is a descriptive and inductive type of research. The data used is secondary panel data for 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2017-2021 obtained from related institutions and then analyzed using panel regression models and Random Effect selection models. The results of the study show that simultaneously, the influence of population, education and income inequality has a significant influence on open response in Indonesia. Furthermore, partially (1) population has a positive and insignificant effect on open responses in Indonesia. (2) Education has a positive and significant effect on open response in Indonesia. (3) Inequality has a positive and insignificant effect on open responses in Indonesia.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Industri Mikro dan Kecil (IMK) di Sumatera Barat

This study aims to determine; (1) To what extent does the number of workers affect the income of micro and small industries in West Sumatra, (2) To what extent do labor wages affect the income of micro and small industries in West Sumatra, (3) To what extent does technology affect the income of micro and small industries in Sumatra West, (4) To what extent working hours affect the income of micro and small industries in West Sumatra. This research is a descriptive and inductive type of research using panel data regression analysis using the Random Effect Model (REM) method with Cross Section 19 regencies/cities in West Sumatra and the 2018-2020 Time Series obtained from related institutions.The results showed that simultaneously, the variable number of workers, labor wages, technology, and working hours had a positive and significant influence on the Income of Micro and Small Industries (IMK) in West Sumatra. Furthermore, partially (1) the number of workers has a positive and significant effect on the income of micro and small industries (IMK) in West Sumatra, (2) the wages of labor have a positive and significant effect on the income of micro and small industries (IMK) in West Sumatra, ( 3) Technology has a negative and significant effect on Micro and Small Industry (IMK) Income in West Sumatra, (4) Working Hours has a positive and insignificant effect on Micro and Small Industry (IMK) Income in West Sumatra. So it can be concluded that the level of education, labor wages, technology, number of workers, and working hours are important aspects of the income of micro and small industries in West Sumatra.

The Roles of Argumentation Structures for The Conviction of Proof Types

"This phenomenology research aims to examine prospective elementary mathematics teachers’ proving and proof evaluation and their thoughts on convincing according to proof type and argument type. The participants were eight prospective teachers. The data collection tools were semi-structured group interviews, interviews video recordings and the participants' written proof documents. The participants were expected to prove different mathematical statements presented to them with different proof types, to convince each other, and to identify the convincing arguments in the interviews. The results revealed that prospective mathematics teachers had absolute conviction about empirical arguments, while their level of convincing about deductive arguments increased as a result of discussions on convincing regardless of the proof type. In addition, the unconvincing for induction and visual proof types’ arguments have emerged and this category has changed to convincing over time. Accordingly, suggestions about increasing the convincing of deductive and visual arguments have been presented"

EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM PELATIHAN KERJA PADA DINAS PENANAMAN MODAL, PTSP DAN TENAGA KERJA DALAM RANGKA MENURUNKAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN DI KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

This study aims to determine how effective the implementation of the Job Training program is in order to reduce the unemployment rate in Bulukumba Regency, supporting and inhibiting factors for program implementation and efforts to overcome these obstacles. The research method used by the author in this study is a qualitative research method with an inductive type of descriptive writing. While the data collection techniques carried out are interviews, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques are carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that the program to provide training for workers in Bulukumba Regency which has been run since 2016 at the Bulukumba Regency Job Training Center has been carried out well but has not been fully effective.

Electrical conductivity anomalies study

Anomalous currents in a well-conducting body arise due to local electromagnetic induction inside the anomalous body, as well as due to conductive redistribution (and concentration) of currents induced in the host medium on a large territory equal to the external source size. The local induction generates the so-called anomaly of geomagnetic variations of the magnetic or inductive type. Its characteristic property is that the secondary anomalous field cannot be greater than the primary normal field of geomagnetic variations. However, in some places on the earth’s surface, the normalized anomalous fields are greater than 1. Analytical solution of the EM induction problem for circular cylinder yields the physical explanation of two types of anomalous geomagnetic fields. The first term (proportional to the normal electric field E0) describes the conductive anomaly type, the second term (proportional to the normal magnetic field B0) describes the inductive anomaly type. The conductive type usually is much greater than the inductive one. The normalized anomalous field of the conductive type is not limited to 1 or any other value. It is proportional to two functions: V(T) — the non-decreasing function of the period T (0≤V≤1, V=1 corresponds to DC) which describes the degree of filling of the conductor by anomalous currents (result of the skin effect inside the anomaly) and the normal impe­dance of inclosing cross-section — the decreasing function of the period. Product of these functions has a maximum at some period T0. The position T0 is closely related to the total lengthwise conductance G[S×m] of the anomalous body, that is, the scale of the anomaly. On the period T0, the anomalous fields and the induction vector become real C=Cu and the imaginary induction vector Cv passes through zero changing sign. Thus, the spectral properties of the geomagnetic response functions were studied for two-dimensional anomalies with a generalization to three-dimensional conductors with varying cross-section. 18 crustal electrical conductivity anomalies were considered and their integral lengthwise conductance G was obtained. At all anomalies, the G values turn out to be in a relatively narrow range G=(1—8)·108 S∙m; this has geophysical significance.

Two-level type theory and applications - ERRATUM

AbstractWe define and develop two-level type theory (2LTT), a version of Martin-Löf type theory which combines two different type theories. We refer to them as the ‘inner’ and the ‘outer’ type theory. In our case of interest, the inner theory is homotopy type theory (HoTT) which may include univalent universes and higher inductive types. The outer theory is a traditional form of type theory validating uniqueness of identity proofs (UIP). One point of view on it is as internalised meta-theory of the inner type theory. There are two motivations for 2LTT. Firstly, there are certain results about HoTT which are of meta-theoretic nature, such as the statement that semisimplicial types up to level n can be constructed in HoTT for any externally fixed natural number n. Such results cannot be expressed in HoTT itself, but they can be formalised and proved in 2LTT, where n will be a variable in the outer theory. This point of view is inspired by observations about conservativity of presheaf models. Secondly, 2LTT is a framework which is suitable for formulating additional axioms that one might want to add to HoTT. This idea is heavily inspired by Voevodsky’s Homotopy Type System (HTS), which constitutes one specific instance of a 2LTT. HTS has an axiom ensuring that the type of natural numbers behaves like the external natural numbers, which allows the construction of a universe of semisimplicial types. In 2LTT, this axiom can be assumed by postulating that the inner and outer natural numbers types are isomorphic. After defining 2LTT, we set up a collection of tools with the goal of making 2LTT a convenient language for future developments. As a first such application, we develop the theory of Reedy fibrant diagrams in the style of Shulman. Continuing this line of thought, we suggest a definition of $(\infty,1)$ -category and give some examples.

Ma'alim Al-Tafakkur Fī Āyāt Al-Arḍ Fī Al-Qurʹan Al-Karīm (Al-Saīr Fī Al-Arḍ Li Al-Naẓar fī 'Āqibat Al-Mukażibīn Namūżajan)

The importance of this research is to contribute to the provision of academic information and the development of educational methods using the Qur'anic concept. This study aims to find out the characteristics of the reflections on the verses of the earth contained in the Al-Qur'an and to find out the benefits of these reflections. This study uses a descriptive approach, both inductive and analytical types and then an objective approach. The results of this study is to find out the characteristics of the reflection of the verses of the earth in the Al-Qur'an which one of it is: circling the earth to contemplate the stories of the former people who denied Allah. Among the benefits of interpreting the stories of the earlier peoples mentioned in the Qur'an is that Allah makes their stories as a lesson for those who come after them not to follow the track record of their predecessors, by abandoning what Allah commands, and doing what Allah forbids, so that therefore they are persecuted by Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala.

Second Kidney Transplant Outcomes in Dialysis Dependent Recipients by Induction Type in the United States

We examined the association between induction type for a second kidney transplant in dialysis-dependent recipients and the long-term outcomes. Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we identified all second kidney transplant recipients who returned to dialysis before re-transplantation. Exclusion criteria included: missing, unusual, or no-induction regimens, maintenance regimens other than tacrolimus and mycophenolate, and positive crossmatch status. We grouped recipients by induction type into 3 groups: the anti-thymocyte group (N=9899), the alemtuzumab group (N=1982), and the interleukin 2 receptor antagonist group (N=1904). We analyzed recipient and death-censored graft survival (DCGS) using the Kaplan-Meier survival function with follow-up censored at 10 years post-transplant. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between induction and the outcomes of interest. To account for the center-specific effect, we included the center as a random effect. We adjusted the models for the pertinent recipient and organ variables. In the Kaplan-Meier analyses, induction type did not alter recipient survival (log-rank P=.419) or DCGS (log-rank P=.146). Similarly, in the adjusted models, induction type was not a predictor of recipient or graft survival. Live-donor kidneys were associated with better recipient survival (HR 0.73, 95% CI [0.65, 0.83], P < .001) and graft survival (HR 0.72, 95% CI [0.64, 0.82], P < .001). Publicly insured recipients had worse recipient and allograft outcomes. In this large cohort of average immunologic-risk dialysis-dependent second kidney transplant recipients, who were discharged on tacrolimus and mycophenolate maintenance, induction type did not influence the long-term outcomes of recipient or graft survival. Live-donor kidneys improved recipient and graft survival.