Inductive Content Analysis Research Articles

Impact of COVID-19 in price fluctuations of shipping freight in Malaysian maritime industry

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the factors influencing the fluctuations in shipping costs due to Covid-19 in the Malaysian shipping industry and provide recommendations to mitigate future price fluctuations during pandemics. It analyses the causes of shipping freight price fluctuations, assess their impact on the industry.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study using inductive content analysis to examine shipping costs in the maritime transport industry in the Southeast Asian context. The study conducted desk research to gain a deeper understanding and insight into the maritime industry.FindingsThe maritime sector plays a crucial role in global trade as it oversees the transport of various goods by sea, making it a significant industry worldwide. Strict lockdowns during Covid-19 affected economies around the world, which negatively impacted the shipping sector and affected freight rates, as the demand for ships correlates with the economy.Research limitations/implicationsIt contributes to the literature that expands the knowledge of global trade and the maritime industry. They are interrelated as they are precursors to the development of global trade in countries.Practical implicationsThe findings show that the use of dynamic pricing, the use of Lean Six Sigma and the setting of a minimum and maximum price could strengthen the resilience of the industry. Nevertheless, tactics need to be regularly re-evaluated to respond to changing circumstances as the pandemic evolves and changes. This paper intends to be a resource for further research on this topic.Originality/valueThis is the first qualitative study to shed light on the relationship between price volatility and Covid-19 in the maritime industry in the context of Southeast Asian Malaysia.

The district residency programme: Perception of postgraduate students at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur

Background The district residency programme (DRP) has been made essential for postgraduates by the National Medical Commission. We studied the perception of postgraduate students about this programme. Methods A cross-sectional survey was done using a pre-validated questionnaire developed in Google forms. The link to the questionnaire was circulated through existing social media platforms and had questions about knowledge, attitude and practice. Scores were appropriately assigned to the questions. The data were coded numerically, and themes were identified from the data using inductive content analysis. Results All participants had a negative opinion of the DRP with a mean perception score of 26.6. Two-thirds of the participants believed that the DRP had no positive impact on learning and knowledge of their respective postgraduate subjects. About 55% of them believed that the duration of DRP training should be reduced. Important themes that were obtained from the data were that DRP training was not beneficial for the participants, and perceived barriers in DRP training included lack of accommodation, food, and communication with the parent department during the training. Conclusion Postgraduate students had a negative perception of the DRP. Upgradation of district hospitals with modern and optimal facilities for patient care, facilities to accommodate students, and provision for communication with the parent department during the DRP, could improve students perception.

HR practices and subjective well-being: A systematic review and conceptual model based on the AMO framework

Background In today’s demanding work environments, employees’ subjective well-being is declining, contributing to an elevated employee turnover rate. Leveraging ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO)-enhancing HR practices has emerged as a promising approach to address this issue and improve subjective well-being. While existing research extensively examines the relationship between HR practices and subjective well-being, a comprehensive conceptual model detailing the nuanced interplay between AMO bundles and subjective well-being remains underexplored. Objective The study aims to identify and classify various categories of HR practices within the AMO framework and develop an integrative conceptual model linking AMO practices to subjective well-being. Methods A systematic review of 43 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 was conducted using an inductive content analysis approach. The articles were selected in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the PRISMA framework. Results The findings identify HR practices categorized within the AMO framework, comprising two ability-enhancing practices (conducting training and development programs, recruitment practices), four motivation-enhancing practices (psychological support, incentives and rewards, building meaningful relationships, and flexible working hours), and three opportunity-enhancing practices (participation and involvement, job enrichment, and career advancement opportunities). These practices were shown to enhance employees’ subjective well-being significantly. Conclusion The study offers actionable insights for managers, emphasizing the importance of implementing AMO-driven HR practices as cohesive bundles rather than in isolation to maximize their impact on subjective well-being. Notably, employees demonstrated a strong preference for motivation-enhancing practices, followed by opportunity- and ability-enhancing practices. Additionally, the study suggests that managers integrate artificial intelligence (AI) within HRM systems to further improve employees’ subjective well-being substantially. This study contributes to the strategic HRM and well-being literature by developing a comprehensive conceptual model that elucidates the intricate relationships between AMO bundles and subjective well-being.

Swedish principals’ adaptive leadership in unprecedented times: Learnings from the pandemic experiences

This study examines Swedish principals’ perceptions of their learnings and leadership development and identifies lasting changes to their leadership practices. Data were collected through a digital survey involving 66 novice principals who had previously participated in the National Principal Training Programme. The qualitative inductive content analysis revealed four key themes: (1) development of adaptive leadership, (2) enhanced communication capabilities, (3) improved preparedness for the unexpected, and (4) development of digital leadership. Principals reported that their experiences fostered adaptive and trust-based leadership, collaborative decision-making, and strategic crisis management. Enhanced digital competencies streamlined operations but challenged social cohesion. The findings highlight how adaptive leadership was key to navigating uncertainty, maintaining organisational stability, and fostering innovation during crises. The study suggests that principals’ adaptive practices, initially developed in response to the pandemic, have become embedded in their leadership strategies, contributing to sustainable improvements in school practice. Implications for future research include exploring the long-term impact of these practices on educational outcomes, resilience, and leadership preparation programs across different national contexts.

Patient-level simulation models in cancer care: a systematic review

BackgroundPatient-level simulation (PLS) models overcome some major limitations of conventional cohort models and have broad applicability in healthcare, yet limited knowledge exists about their potential in cancer care.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to: (1) describe the application areas of PLS models in cancer care, (2) identify commonly used model structures, (3) evaluate the quality of reporting based on established guidelines, and (4) critically discuss the potential and limitations of PLS models in this context.MethodsA systematic literature search was completed in Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and EconLit. Reasons underlying the use of PLS models were identified with a conventional inductive content analysis and reporting quality was assessed with an 18-item checklist based on the ISPOR-SMDM guidelines.ResultsThe number of publications increased over time and most studies used state-transition microsimulation (49.25%) or discrete event simulation (48.51%). Two main application areas could be discerned, namely disease progression modelling (DPM) (78.36%) and health and care systems operation (HCSO) (21.64%). In the DPM domain, the use of PLS models was mainly motivated by the need to represent patient heterogeneity and history. In the HCSO domain, PLS models were used to better understand and improve cancer care delivery. Average reporting quality was 65.2% and did not improve over time.ConclusionPLS models can be used to simulate the progression of cancer and to model cancer care delivery. In the DPM domain more direct comparisons with cohort models are required to establish the relative advantages of PLS models and in the HCSO domain the impact on clinical practice needs to be systematically assessed. Furthermore, adherence to the ISPOR-SMDM guidelines should be improved.

Healthcare Professionals' Perceptions of Future Leadership in Digital Healthcare: A Qualitative Study.

To describe and enhance the understanding of healthcare professionals' perceptions of future leadership in digital healthcare. A qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected remotely between February and November 2022 through semi-structured interviews. A total of 26 healthcare professionals were interviewed individually or in focus group interviews at the university hospital and university in Finland. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results revealed seven main categories that described the professionals' perceptions of future leadership in digital healthcare: building a future-oriented healthcare, strengthening a digitally minded organisational culture, being interactive in a digital environment, leading sustainably in digital healthcare, leading expertise in digital healthcare, leading collaboratively in digital healthcare and using artificial intelligence in leadership in digital healthcare. Future leadership in digital healthcare will be about leading people in a humane way. Leaders will be at the forefront of digital solutions, sharing their expertise and enabling stakeholders' engagement. Through collaboration, future leaders will be building a future-led digital health system. Digital healthcare is improving due to the implementation of new digital solutions and the possibility of artificial intelligence. Thus, leaders' competencies in digital healthcare need to be further developed through education and guided by policy to meet the expectations of future professionals, nurses and customers. No patient or public contribution. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used in the reporting.

Supporting someone after their stroke: family members’ views and experiences of self-management

Purpose Self-management has increased in recognition in stroke research and rehabilitation along with growing trends of shorter hospital stays and more patient-centred care. Family members are key persons in the self-management process, but their views and experiences of self-management have not been studied in detail. This study aimed to explore family members’ understanding of self-management, the strategies they use and the challenges they face when providing support. Methods For this descriptive study, semi-structured interviews with family members (n = 27) were conducted. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The analysis resulted in three main categories and eight subcategories. Most family members saw self-management as performing practical tasks, such as daily living activities and rehabilitation training. However, family members described a broad range of actions to support self-management, including emotional and motivational support. They found it challenging to give the right amount of support and expressed a need of more information after discharge. Conclusions Family members’ conceptualisations of self-management differ from the strategies they use to provide support. A clearer understanding of self-management as a collective process can benefit the development and delivery of efficient self-management support.

A feel-good digital practice: Improving social emotional wellbeing through dialogue in Turkish tertiary context

The fundamental principle of positive psychology relies on the fact that becoming a happier person should be among the primary objectives of any educational activity. Adopting this basic tenet, this study aims to investigate whether a dialogic second language(L2) intervention on an interactive digital landscape can boost the social emotional wellbeing of young adult learners while helping them cope with the academic difficulties of acquiring a second language in the foundation year of an extremely competitive publicuniversity in Türkiye. An embedded experimental design was used to incorporate qualitative data within experimental research. Eighty-seven learners participated in this research and completed the Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) both at the beginning and end of the 14-week study. The experimental group received a dialogic intervention involving the dialogic use of L2 in discussing critical and taboo social issues, conventionally avoided in mainstream English language teaching textbooks, conducted in internet-mediated dialogic space, namely, Google Classroom, in addition to regular L2 instruction. The dialogues were specially designed and revised according to the curricular requirements of the institution. To investigate learners’ emotional regulation and wellbeing, 10 digital classroom dialogues with emotional reactions of the participants were collected and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Analysis of wellbeing scale data indicates statistically meaningful differences between the groups in favor of the experimental group with a medium effect size. Qualitative findings show personal growth through discussing socially relevant and critical issues, building self-efficacy through increased practice in the target language, and building a more positive outlook through increased foreign language enjoyment (FLE), among other aspects relevant in positive psychology. Pedagogical implications are also discussed in the study.Keywords: dialogic education; second/foreign language acquisition; interactive digital landscape; dialogic intervention; positive psychology; emotional regulation; social emotional wellbeing

Autistic perspectives on the moral and ethical considerations of genetic testing for autism.

This study aimed to characterize the nuanced perspectives expressed by Autistic adults about genetic testing for autism. In this secondary analysis of an existing dataset, we used inductive content analysis of free-text responses that Autistic adults wrote in response to questions asking about perceptions of genetic testing for autism that had been included in a previous survey. Participants who completed the survey had been recruited online. Three-hundred eighty-nine participants wrote a total of 28,774 words in response to the questions of interest. While some respondents wrote about potential benefits of genetic testing (79/389), more (333/389) wrote about potential negative outcomes of genetic testing. Participants wrote about concerns of eugenics (281/389), described a lack of trust in how genetics information would be used (125/389), and raised concerns that genetic testing could increase discrimination (66/389). This is the largest study to date to conduct an in-depth analysis of Autistic adults' opinions on genetic testing for autism. Most respondents raised serious concerns. Additional work is needed to collect more Autistic opinions about genetic testing for autism.

Identifying Factors Influencing Upholding Research Ethics from the Perspective of Postgraduate Students: A Qualitative Study

Research ethics is a branch of professional ethics that deals with the ethical principles guiding the research process from the beginning to the end. Ignoring ethical issues in research sometimes occurs unintentionally and simply due to a lack of awareness regarding professional research ethics. Therefore, this study aimed to identify facilitators and inhibitors of adherence to ethics in research conducted by postgraduate students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This qualitative study was conducted using an inductive content analysis approach. The target population included postgraduate students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 29 students who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the method proposed by Diekelmann et al. For data validation, Strauss and Corbin’s method was utilized. Factors influencing adherence to research ethics included individual and personality traits (accuracy and ethical conduct of students and professors and having sufficient information about research ethics) and environmental factors (information dissemination and familiarity with research methods, the professors’ interactions with students, confidentiality of information, strictness of professors, having a clear framework from the university, respecting students’ rights, and establishing deterrent regulations). Strengthening facilitators and mitigating inhibitors of adherence to research ethics requires joint efforts from students, professors, and the university. Students need to develop accuracy and awareness, and professors should serve as ethical role models. University officials are required to create and propose clear frameworks for adhering to ethics, to be followed by all individuals involved in research.

Digital Storytelling: A Modern Paradigm to Represent Women in Digital India

Abstract Digital storytelling has emerged as a powerful tool for feminist activism and social change in India. These digital stories address a range of issues including gender socialization, domestic violence, sexual harassment, and women’s empowerment. The study explores the potential of DST to address marginalized topics within mainstream feminism and patriarchy. The research uses purposive sampling to select diverse digital stories and employs thematic analysis and inductive content analysis to analyze the data. The selected digital stories focus on gender socialization, marginalization, and domestic violence, and are drawn from different regions in India. The study examines the impact of digital storytelling on activists and viewers, particularly feminist activists. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of expressing the challenges and violence women face through digital mediums and the potential of digital storytelling in promoting gender equality. However, it also acknowledges the barriers and difficulties faced in accessing and utilizing digital platforms.

Managers’ perceptions of organizational readiness for change within disability healthcare: a Swedish national study with an embedded mixed-methods approach

BackgroundPeople with disabilities experience significant health inequities compared with the general population. Addressing these inequities requires the development and implementation of tailored interventions, but a gap often exists between recommended best practices and the actual care provided. Successful implementation is complex, involving multiple organizational factors. Assessing organizational readiness for change is crucial to overcome barriers and improve health outcomes for people with disabilities. This study aims to examine managers’ perceptions of their organization’s readiness for change regarding the implementation of interventions within disability healthcare in Sweden.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study employs an embedded mixed-methods approach. The primary approach for the overall study is based on quantitative data, while qualitative data is analyzed to provide supplementary deepened information. Both types of data were collected simultaneously through a web-based survey. The data analysis involves various statistical techniques for the quantitative data and inductive content analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsSeveral key factors influence managers’ perceptions of their organization’s readiness for change, including gender, age, tenure, organizational type, managerial level, and experience. Enabling factors for implementation include trust-based leadership, staff involvement, motivation, and engagement. Barriers include complex processes, lack of support, resistance and fear, and insufficient time and resources.ConclusionsThis study highlights the complexity of organizational readiness for disability healthcare interventions, shaped by both individual and organizational factors. In particular, managerial characteristics, organizational dynamics, and resource availability play key roles. These findings suggest that a comprehensive strategy can strengthen healthcare organizations’ ability to navigate implementation challenges effectively.

Barriers and facilitators to self-management in people with back-related leg pain: a qualitative secondary analysis

BackgroundBack related leg pain (BRLP) is a problematic subset of low back pain, leading to greater pain, loss of function and health related care costs. While evidence suggests self-management is effective, patient implementation can be sub-optimal. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators to self-management for persons experiencing BRLP within the context of a controlled clinical trial and to map these to theory-informed intervention elements that can be addressed by front-line healthcare providers, informing the design and implementation of future theory-driven self-management interventions for this population.MethodsThis study was a qualitative secondary analysis of a 2-site, pragmatic, parallel group, randomized clinical trial (participants enrolled 2007–10) of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and home exercise and advice (HEA) compared to HEA alone for persons with subacute or chronic BRLP. We used deductive and inductive content analysis, to describe self-management facilitators and barriers among trial participants, map these to behavior change elements in the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) Framework, and identify potentially modifiable, theory-intervention elements which may be addressed with guidance by healthcare providers. Baseline characteristics of participants were descriptively analyzed using SAS (University Edition).ResultsOf 40 participants, the majority identified as white (n = 24, 85%) and of non-Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (n = 38, 95%). Average participant age was 57 years old (range 29–80). Frequent facilitators included ease of exercises, knowing how to manage condition, atmosphere created by staff, therapeutic alliance, effectiveness of exercises or treatment, goal of reducing pain, and intentions of continuing exercises. Frequent barriers included time constraints, pain, and lacking confidence in treatment. Barriers were mapped to all 9 Intervention Functions, most common being modelling and education. Frequently identified Behavior Change Techniques included information, feedback, self-monitoring, graded tasks, restructuring, social support, goal setting, reviewing goals, and action planning.ConclusionThis study identified barriers and facilitators to engaging in self-management for participants in a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial. A rigorous systematic intervention mapping process utilizing the BCW was used for describing what participants need and how their needs may be met. These findings may support the design of future self-management interventions for persons experiencing BRLP.

From Doubt to Diagnosis: Canadian Patient Perspectives on a Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Diagnosis.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) encompass a rare and genetically diverse set of disorders, posing challenges in diagnosis due to the absence of distinct pathological features, leading to frequent misdiagnoses and inadequate symptom management. Yet, there is a scarcity of published data on how patients perceive the diagnostic journey of LGMD. Our aim was to unveil the firsthand experiences of individuals with LGMD to gain insight into their perspective on the diagnosis process. This study comprehensively captures the LGMD patient and caregiver experiences-from symptom onset through diagnosis to current disorder management. Insights into the lived experience of LGMD were consolidated from semi-structured interviews and a cross-sectional mixed-methods survey of quantitative and qualitative questions. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and frequencies, while inductive content analysis was applied to qualitative responses. During the validation phase, patient authors validated and prioritised the insights and overarching themes. From 108 participants (104 people with LGMD and 4 parent caregivers), five overarching themes were identified. These themes include (1) difficulty with diagnostic process, with 8 years noted as time from the symptom onset until they obtain the definitive diagnosis; (2) difficulty obtaining genetic testing and specialist care; (3) sense of disconnect with healthcare professionals, often resulting from lack of knowledge and awareness of the condition; (4) a state of emotional distress, feelings of hopelessness, depression, fear and anxiety with the diagnosis process; and (5) impact on mobility and ambulation. The LGMD diagnosis journey is marked by barriers and misdiagnoses, leading to considerable diagnostic delays. Overcoming these challenges requires increased awareness among healthcare professionals and improved patient access to genetic testing. Patients with LGMD were involved as research partners in all phases of this study, including identifying the research question and the need for an assessment of the diagnosis journey for LGMD in Canada. The patients also worked with the authors to interpret and validate the data collected and contributed to the preparation of the manuscript by participating in the review and editing process.

Physician Perspectives on Z Codes for Social Determinants of Health Screening.

Health settings are increasingly assessing and addressing health-related social needs. ICD-10 Z codes are billing codes for social determinants of health (SDOH), but represent a novel opportunity to document social needs given their ubiquity; yet they are seldom used. Little work has explored physician perspectives on the utility of Z codes for social needs documentation. To elucidate physician understandings of Z codes and their perspectives on Z codes' utility in documenting patients' health-related social needs. Semi-structured qualitative interviews. Physicians at high Z-coding hospitals in New Jersey (n = 18). Deductive and inductive thematic content and cross-case analysis. Physicians assessed social needs. History taking and physician specialty influenced when needs were identified and documented. Needs most often came up in discharge planning. Physicians recognized their important role in ensuring social needs would be documented, but were unsure of what to do when a patient identified these needs. Physicians lacked explicit knowledge about Z codes and often would accidentally use them by "diagnosing" health-related social needs in the problem list. Hospital systems, SDOH screening, and reimbursement all influenced Z-coding; participants could not describe a systematic screening or documentation process at any hospital. Ultimately, Z codes were viewed as a tool to connote complexity and seek higher reimbursement. Z codes are ubiquitous across electronic medical records and represent an opportunity to document health-related social needs across settings. Physicians reported using them primarily as billing codes to document complex medical planning in the context of social risk and to drive higher reimbursement. Future work could consider these codes for other initiatives, such as integrating them into screening practices or using this reimbursement to fund social health programs.

Mapping Collective Action: A Case Study of Identifying Assets and Actions During Community Mental Health Workshops to Address the Effects of Environmental Inequities

Environmental changes, which have led to frequent and severe climate-related disasters, profoundly affect individuals and communities in Louisiana that display already existing disparities in vulnerability. An increasing body of evidence documents the relationship between the effects of climate change and poor mental health. This underscores the importance of utilizing an environmental justice framework to assess and innovate strategies for addressing disasters’ unequal burden. As part of a broader Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) project on the effects of a community-based intervention to improve mental health resilience in communities affected by disasters and crises, we included 12 churches in a community asset mapping process to identify resources within their communities and discuss actions that could improve their neighborhoods and build additional support. We conducted deductive and inductive content analysis of asset maps and field notes from 32 small groups. We found the following: (1) the church was seen as a central asset; (2) key distinctions in how participants discussed their tangible and intangible resources according to their geography, and (3) the themes of charity, resource facilitation, connecting the most vulnerable, and absence of government support typified how groups discussed possibilities of action.

Family Members' Experiences of a Person-Centered Information and Communication Technology-Supported Intervention for Stroke Rehabilitation (F@ce 2.0): Qualitative Analysis.

Stroke often leads to long-term effects on daily activities and participation. Consequences impact not only stroke survivors but also their close networks, and capturing their experiences is crucial for the development of effective interventions. F@ce 2.0 is a person-centered, information and communication technology (ICT)-supported stroke rehabilitation intervention currently being evaluated. This study aims to describe family members' experiences of the F@ce 2.0 intervention from the perspective of being a caregiver to a stroke survivor. Participants were family members (n=7) of stroke survivors participating in the intervention. Semistructured interviews were conducted at 2 time points, postintervention and 6 months postbaseline, resulting in a total of 13 interviews. Data was analyzed using qualitative inductive content analysis. An overarching theme was developed from 4 categories. The main theme was the potential of F@ce 2.0 as a support for family members of stroke survivors in the sudden change of life. The categories were: dialogue and partnership with the F@ce 2.0 team, resuming daily activities lowers the demand for family support, support and involvement through the ICT component of F@ce 2.0, and engagement in F@ce 2.0, leading to suggestions for development. This study aligns with previous research delineating the effects of stroke on family members of stroke survivors. Participants highlighted the positive impact of the focus on daily activities within the intervention. Furthermore, the ICT component was perceived as a support in structuring rehabilitation. Participants, however, suggested further development, both in terms of content and technology.

Strabismic Adults' Expectations of Psychosocial Support From Healthcare Professionals-A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Strabismus, an eye misalignment, impacts the functional and psychosocial health-related quality of life in adult patients. Corrective surgery generally improves adults' health-related quality of life. Previous research reports that strabismic adults with a psychosocial influence of the condition may benefit from preoperative psychosocial support, although what such support should consist of is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to describe strabismic adults' expectations of psychosocial support from healthcare professionals. The study has a qualitative descriptive design. It included 12 semi-structured interviews with purposefully recruited patients who had experienced the psychosocial influences of strabismus. The data were analyzed by inductive content analysis. Strabismic adult patients described their expectations for psychosocial support, consisting of education about strabismus, genuine encounters with strabismus experts, accessible support, and available peer support. The participants explained that strabismus specialists should provide tailored education for patients, the public, and other healthcare professionals. They shared that strabismus professionals should ask about patients' psychosocial well-being-that by intently listening, openly discussing, and validating patients' experiences, they could support their well-being. Psychological care provided by nurses and psychologists should be easily accessible, supportive, and timely for children and adolescents. Participants also expected professionals to guide them to available peer support. Strabismic adult patients dealing with the condition's psychosocial burden expect psychosocial support from strabismus experts. This study's results can be used to improve psychosocial care in clinical strabismus services.

An Unheard Voice: The Perspectives of Siblings of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Solid organ transplantation requires complex and ongoing medical management that impacts the family system. However, the experiences of siblings of transplant recipients are not well described. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the perspectives of siblings of pediatric kidney and liver transplant recipients. Siblings (ages 12-17 years) of kidney and liver transplant recipients completed a semi-structured interview (Via Zoom) and demographic information. The interview data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Twelve adolescents (9 males, 2 females, 1 non-binary; M = 15.25 Years, SD = 2.13) completed a virtual interview. Four major themes emerged describing the transplant experience: (1) Transplant changes the family system: Impact on family relationships, dynamics, and cohesiveness, (2) Transplant affects social-emotional development and adjustment, (3) new meaning assigned to family and increased commitment to the health of sibling, and (4) growth from the transplant experience as a way to help others. These findings affirm that the transplant event is distressing and impacts the sibling, their relationships, and family functioning in the moment and for years afterward. Opportunities exist to raise healthcare providers' awareness of providing care through a family lens, which can positively impact the patient and the family. These findings are an initial step toward developing interventions that incorporate siblings of transplant recipients in healthcare interactions and create a more family-inclusive model of care in the transplant setting.

Providing Ethical Care for Children with Cancer: Nurses’ Perspectives

Background: Diagnosing a child with cancer is one of the most intense and challenging experiences that a family can face. Caring for children with cancer is one of the most challenging areas of the nursing profession, technically and emotionally, and nurses face various ethical issues in this regard. This study aims to explore nurses’ perceptions of providing ethical care for children with cancer. Materials and Methods: This study applied a qualitative design and a purposive sampling method. Participants included 21 nurses with experience in caring for children with cancer. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Data analysis revealed three categories and seven subcategories. First, barriers to providing ethical care (subcategories: parents making decisions instead of the child, cultural misinterpretations, and reference to fortune-tellers). Second, facilitators of providing ethical care (subcategories: family hopefulness and parents’ religious background). Third, approaches for providing ethical care (subcategories: the necessity of conducting research in the field of cultural backgrounds and the establishment of ethical-religious committees). Conclusions: This study presents some significant barriers, facilitators, and approaches to providing ethical care for children with cancer. These results are based on nurses’ experiences and perceptions. All healthcare professionals can use our results to provide high-quality and ethical care for children with cancer.