Hydroxamate groups provide a unique opportunity to promote amide-bond formation between unprotected peptide fragments through intramolecular O-acyl capture and O→N acyl transfer. Here, we report a general ligation strategy that exploits the reactivity of backbone N-hydroxy peptide (NHP) fragments to achieve efficient couplings with peptide thioesters in aqueous buffer. NHP ligation is broadly compatible with β-branched, aromatic, charged, and N-methylated residues at the nucleophilic N-terminus. Preparative-scale ligation and subsequent N─O bond reduction furnish products with a restored native peptide bond. The versatility of this method is demonstrated through the convergent synthesis of two miniproteins whose folding and thermal stability are modulated by backbone N-hydroxylation, and in the synthesis of the macrocyclic NHP natural product talarolide A. These studies establish backbone NHP ligation as a robust and widely applicable strategy for peptide and protein synthesis.

Machine-learning potentials (MLPs) face significant challenges in sampling anharmonic lattice dynamics due to computational bottlenecks. This work presents an active learning (AL) framework that integrates pretrained potentials with committee models to overcome these limitations. This approach achieves a 59.9% reduction in force errors while maintaining exceptional transferability across diverse carbon allotropes. The optimized potential model reveals distinct anharmonic regimes: in diamond, the longitudinal acoustic phonons exhibit a temperature-induced sign reversal in their lifetime scaling exponent (from n = -1.54 at 200 K to n = 0.17 at 800 K), marking a fundamental transition from Umklapp scattering to fluctuation-induced localization where thermal disorder preferentially suppresses low-frequency phonon propagation; in bilayer graphene, the strongly negative Grüneisen parameters of flexural acoustic (ZA) phonons [γ(q) = -33.7 to -8.4] reveal anomalous vibrational stiffening under volume expansion, originating from stress release in the interlayer coupling that enhances in-plane restoring forces. These findings establish a general strategy for MLPs development and uncover emergent phonon phenomena, providing new pathways for controlling thermal transport in quantum materials and nanoscale devices.

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems offer a remarkably strong response to weak perturbations, but the nonorthogonal nature of the corresponding eigenvectors causes noise to diverge, hindering EPs practical application. Here, we report a twelve-fold enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in magnetic field sensing enabled by a third-order EP of coherent perfect absorption (CPA EP3) in a passive cavity magnonic system. This non-Hermitian magnonic platform comprises two identical yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres coherently coupled to a cavity mode, in which the CPA EP3 is realized by engineering the three-mode loss to form a pseudo-Hermitian absorption Hamiltonian. By independently tailoring the absorption EP apart from the resonance EP, the system circumvents the noise divergence caused by eigenbasis collapse. Notably, we harness the sensitivity of the minimum output intensity near CPA to perturbations, yielding a seventy-fold SNR improvement and a 400-fold increase in responsivity compared with non-CPA system. A comprehensive noise analysis over one hundred repeated measurements confirms the suppression of frequency noise near the CPA EP3. This demonstrates that our scheme not only avoids the noise divergence plaguing conventional higher-order EP sensors but also provides a general strategy to exploit both CPA and EP for SNR enhancement in passive non-Hermitian systems.

Evaluation of induction practices for general anesthesia in patients with obesity: A French nationwide online survey.

The growing demand for semisynthetic beta-lactams has directed attention towards enzymes, specifically Penicillin G Acylases (PGAs), for their potential in synthesizing these antibiotics. This study delves into the expression of Achromobacter xylosoxidans PGA (AxPGA) in Escherichia coli, with a focus on enhancing the yield of active PGA, often constrained by a complex maturation process. The optimization of PGA expression included variations in IPTG concentration and the addition of CaCl2. Furthermore, the study compared PGA expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3) with that in E. coli Arctic Express (DE3), capable of co-expressing chaperones (chaperonin Cpn60 and Cpn10). Induction with 0.5 mM IPTG resulted in the highest hydrolytic activity in both strains, with Arctic Express (AE) exhibiting significantly higher activity due to improved folding facilitated by cold-adapted chaperonins. Alongside optimal IPTG induction, the addition of 10 mM CaCl2 in the culture media significantly increased PGA activity in both strains, highlighting that Ca2+ supplementation is an effective strategy to enhance the yield of functional PGA. Subcellular fractionation demonstrates that the periplasmic fraction yielded higher volumetric and specific activities compared to the cytoplasmic fractions in both E. coli strains, highlighting the importance of periplasmic processing for PGA maturation. This suggests that extracting the periplasmic fraction is an effective strategy for recovering active PGA while avoiding or reducing contamination either from co-expressed cytoplasmic chaperones or other intracellular proteins. These findings emphasize that induction strategy, ionic stabilization, and host strain selection play synergistic roles in increasing active recombinant PGA expression.

A generic task model and control strategy to support learning, robust control, and generalization of contact-rich manipulation tasks

Waste to wealth: transforming Eu2+/Eu3+ co-activation from weak link to strength for advanced multifunctional lighting.

A regulating surface functional groups strategy of multi-color solid-state fluorescent carbon dots for food preservation.

The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and the International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) has published evidence-based international guidelines for the management of oral mucositis (OM). However, adherence to these guidelines has not been evaluated. This survey assessed OM management in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) centers in Australia and New Zealand. Specialist nurses in 41 transplant hospitals were invited to complete a survey. Questions covered general unit information, oral assessment (tools, assessors, frequency), prevention strategies (guidelines, oral care, cryotherapy, photobiomodulation, palifermin, and barriers to use), and treatment strategies (pain management and nutritional support). Of 41 hospitals, 24 (59%) responded. All but one responder were specialized nurses. Oral assessment was primarily conducted by nurses (100%) and doctors (80%). The most commonly used tools were the World Health Organization grading scale (42%), pain scores (46%), and EviQ (Australian online cancer resource) (42%). EviQ guidelines (67%), which exclude palifermin and photobiomodulation, followed by institutional guidelines (29%) and MASCC/ISOO guidelines (17%). Oral care (100%) and cryotherapy with melphalan (96%) were widely adopted, while photobiomodulation and palifermin were rarely used due to cost and access barriers. For OM-related pain, as-needed opioids (100%), patient-controlled analgesia (58%), and topical analgesics (46%) were common. When OM impaired oral intake, supportive measures included supplemental drinks (88%), enteral nutrition (50%), and parenteral nutrition (67%). In Australia and New Zealand, national EviQ guidelines are used more often than the MASCC/ISOO guidelines. Feasibility for implementing palifermin and photobiomodulation should be reassessed, and greater collaboration in developing guidelines is necessary.

The properties of molecular glasses are governed by a thermodynamic-kinetic coupling described by the Adam-Gibbs theory. This relationship enforces a persistent trade-off: glasses with low glass transition temperatures, essential for gentle processing, are inherently unstable and prone to rapid crystallization. Here, we report a noncovalent glass system that, defies this paradigm, achieving an exceptional crystallization barrier exceeding 653.2kJ mol-1, while maintaining a moderate glass transition temperature below 332.3K. This anomalous decoupling originates from a "noncovalent cluster packing" architecture where internally rigid, hydrogen-bonded nanoclusters are loosely interconnected by weak interactions. This distinct topology effectively isolates local structural rigidity from global relaxation, creating a landscape that, suppresses nucleation pathways. We demonstrate the practical utility of this principle through the robust room-temperature preservation and delivery of labile biomolecules. By challenging conventional theoretical constraints, this work establishes a general design strategy for creating ultrastable yet functionally versatile amorphous materials.

A general cyclization strategy of diaryl, diarylamine, diaryl ether, and diaryl thioether with diarylketone: one-step synthesis of spirocyclic/ cyclic tetraarylmethanes

A general strategy for enhancing the water resistance of metal-organic frameworks for deep flue-gas desulfurization and excellent SO2 recovery

rGO-based porous structure modified by PPy/β-CD for 3D electrochemical chiral sensor.

Bioengineered human pre-vascularized microtissues reconstruct vascular niche and regenerative microenvironment to enhance functional skeletal muscle regeneration.

Global metabolomics identifies new extracellular biomarkers of nanovibration-driven mesenchymal stem cells osteodifferentiation.

Aims and objectives/purpose/research question: This study explores how L2 learners in an L1 environment resolve semantic interference from interlexical homographs, examining links with general cognitive control, reactive/proactive cognitive control, and L2 proficiency. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was employed with 29 Spanish–English bilingual university students. Participants completed a Semantic Judgment Task to assess semantic interference, along with tasks measuring general cognitive control and control strategy preference. L2 proficiency was assessed using standardized tests. Data and analysis: Accuracy and reaction times in the Semantic Judgment Task served as dependent variables, with L2 proficiency, general cognitive control, and control mode preference (proactive vs reactive) as predictors. Mixed-effects models included random intercepts and slopes for participants and items to account for variability. Findings: Performance was strongly determined by condition, with interlexical homographs (C1) yielding the lowest accuracy and slowest RTs. Beyond this condition effect, higher L2 proficiency and better general control predicted greater accuracy. Proactive versus reactive tendencies also modulated accuracy, with more reactive individuals performing better overall, though Behavioral Index Shift did not significantly affect RTs. These findings suggest that both linguistic proficiency and individual differences in control strategies shape bilingual word recognition under semantic judgment. Originality: This study contributes novel evidence by focusing on L2 learners in an L1-dominant environment, a population underrepresented in bilingualism research, and by examining the interaction between cognitive control strategies and proficiency outside immersion contexts. Significance/implications: Findings suggest that academic exposure alone does not guarantee greater reliance on proactive control. Instead, reactive control may be more adaptive when resolving interlexical competition, with implications for pedagogical approaches that support L2 processing in academic settings.

Oxidatively degradable polystyrene: general strategy for the introduction of functional groups into the main chains of vinyl polymers

This article systematically reviews ferroptosis—an iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven form of programmed cell death. It provides a detailed analysis of its core regulatory mechanisms, encompassing the drive from lipid peroxidation, the collapse of antioxidant defenses such as the glutathione peroxidase 4( GPX4 )axis and alternative pathways like Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 ( FSP1 ), and the remodeling of iron and lipid metabolism. The interplay between ferroptosis and other cell death modalities, such as apoptosis and necroptosis, is also elucidated. The review focuses on the pivotal roles of key signaling pathways, including NRF2, p53, and Hippo-YAP , within the ferroptosis regulatory network. In the context of cancer therapy, the article emphasizes the potential of inducing ferroptosis for reversing drug resistance, inhibiting metastasis, and synergizing with immunotherapy. It systematically outlines direct induction strategies (e.g., small-molecule inducers, nanodelivery systems) and combination strategies with conventional therapies, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This review highlights that the bidirectional interplay between ferroptosis and the tumor immune microenvironment constitutes a novel therapeutic paradigm for combination therapy. Specifically, it elucidates how ferroptosis modulates immune cells such as CD8 + T cells and macrophages, reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and offering new avenues for combination immunotherapy. We conclude by providing a roadmap for translating these insights into clinical practice, addressing current challenges, and outlining future directions for developing next-generation anticancer strategies.

While treatment guidelines for opioid use disorder (OUD) are well-established, specific guidance for people who use fentanyl remains limited. This systematic review is the first to examine effectiveness and safety outcomes associated with opioid agonist therapy (OAT), specifically buprenorphine, methadone, and slow-release oral morphine, in this patient population. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, CENTRAL (all via Ovid), and Scopus from inception to April 2025 for studies reporting OAT for fentanyl-related OUD. Primary outcomes included OAT titration time, treatment retention, withdrawal symptoms, remission, nonprescribed fentanyl use, and mortality. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tools. Results were synthesized narratively. We identified 180 studies for inclusion (sample sizes ranging from 1 to 150,000). Several reports described treatment success using novel strategies, including low-dose ("microdosing," Bernese method) and high-dose buprenorphine ("macrodosing"), and rapid high-dose methadone protocols that deviate from standard guidelines. Emerging, yet primarily low-quality evidence suggests novel OAT induction strategies for fentanyl-related OUD are feasible and show a consistent direction toward positive clinical and safety outcomes. High-quality research specific to this population, comparing conventional to novel strategies, is needed.

While previous studies have identified contractor competitiveness factors as selection criteria, few have empirically examined how these factors influence firm performance. This gap limits developers’ ability to select criteria for contractor selection. This study aims to analyze the impact of contractor competitiveness on performance and investigate the underlying influencing factors. A comprehensive literature review was employed to develop a conceptual model. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of Thai real estate developers. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to evaluate the proposed model and test research hypotheses, thereby addressing the gap in understanding the contractor competitiveness’s role in organizational success. The SEM analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between contractor competitiveness and performance (standardized regression weight = 0.65). Moreover, the factors influencing contractor competitiveness include management, resources, and generic competitive strategies, with regression weights of 0.99, 0.76, and 0.76, respectively. This study offers theoretical contributions to research on contractor competitiveness. First, the conceptual model elucidates the impact of contractor competitiveness on firm performance from the perspective of real estate developers. Second, the model confirms the hypothesis that management, resources, and generic competitive strategies measure contractor competitiveness. Furthermore, these findings provide developers that assessing contractor competitiveness directly improves firm performance.