Indonesian Border Research Articles

Individual Characteristics, Adherence, and Barriers to Medication Adherence of Hypertensive Patients at the Indonesia - Timor Leste Border

Background: Until the last decade, the incidence of hypertension has increased sharply. It has been reported that individuals with hypertension show a low level of adherence to their therapy management. Moreover, there has been no previous research evaluating individual characteristics, adherence, and barriers to medication adherence among people with hypertension at the border of Indonesia and Timor Leste.Purpose: This study aimed to identify individual characteristics, adherence, and barriers to medication adherence among hypertensive patients.Methods: A total of 112 hypertensive patients recruited using a quota sampling method at the border of Indonesia and Timor Leste participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Hill-Bone Questionnaire to identify adherence and the Adherence Barrier Questionnaire (ABQ) to identify barriers to medication adherence. Individual characteristics were also collected. To confirm the hypertension condition at the time of data collection, measurements of blood pressure were retaken. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The average of systolic blood pressure was 163.85(18.24) mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure was 99.30(11.57) mmHg. The Chi-square test showed that education and occupation had a significant relationship with adherence (p<0.05) and barriers to medication adherence (p=0.000). Meanwhile, other characteristics, including age, gender, and marital status, were not significantly related to adherence (p>0.05) and barriers to medication adherence (p>0.05).Conclusion: There is a relationship between education and occupation with adherence and barriers to medication adherence, but there is no relationship when viewed from such individual characteristics as age, gender, and marital status. Further research is needed to identify effective educational methods to increase the knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy of hypertensive patients to improve blood pressure control.

Keamanan Kemasyarakatan Dalam Pembangunan Kawasan Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia di Kalimantan Utara

This study aims to explore the societal security as a new approach of country’s border area development policy. The concept of societal security is becoming an important topic when it relates to the development of border area. Indonesia shares the borderline with Malaysia in North Kalimantan Province. However, the condition of residents in that area is marked with severe underdevelopment. Responding to the issue, Indonesian border development policy began to adopt simultaneously economic approach and environmental approach besides the traditional security approach which emphasizing military presence in the border area in order to boost the economy and increase the prosperity of the border area residents. This study is a field research (conducted at Krayan, Indonesia and Ba’kelalan, Malaysia) and qualitative approach was applied. Data obtained through participant observation and in-depth interview to several informants. Data was analyzed using descriptive method with emphasizing in data segmentation process. The result suggest that Indonesian government needs to include the societal security approach in the policy as the people who live in the border area have their unique customs and traditions (as their identity) that could be at odds with current policy. In addition, it was noticed that the adoption of societal security approach will complete the picture of North Kalimantan border area policy and could go hand in hand with other approaches as a country’s border area development program.

KALIMANTAN BORDER ISSUES AND INDONESIA'S BORDER DIPLOMACY TOWARDS MALAYSIA

This article aims to explain Indonesia's border diplomacy towards Malaysia regarding cross-border issues for the 2014-2020 period. In this case, there are often cases of disputes over territorial boundaries and social problems in border areas. To overcome this, Indonesia and Malaysia created the Malindo Social Security Cooperation (Sosek Malindo) and the Joint Indonesia Malaysia (JIM). This is following Indonesia's border diplomacy efforts which prove by the activities of annual meetings and sessions. The research method used a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. The case analysis will explain the causes and effects of holding Indonesia-Malaysia border diplomacy based on secondary data. The author finds that various meetings and annual sessions of the two cooperation forums can resolve border disputes, illegal trade in goods and labor, and cross-border disputes related to the existence of Natural Resources. This research found that Indonesia-Malaysia border diplomacy in dealing with cross-border problems in 2014-2020 is carried out through the Malindo Social Security Cooperation (Sosek Malindo) and the Joint Indonesia Malaysia (JIM) cooperation. As a result, two segments of the national border were established at Simantipal River and Point C500-C600. Then in the case of PLBN development, Indonesia and Malaysia carried out border diplomacy through the Malindo Sosek Cooperation Forum in the form of the 35th and 37th meetings of KK/JKK Sosek Malindo and the 14th and 15th trials of Sekber KK/JKK Sosek Malindo.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION RESILIENCE OF INDONESIA-MALAYSIA BORDER REGION IN RIAU PROVINCE

Indonesia's border area is located along the Indonesian border with other countries. In general, border areas are still lagging behind other regions in Indonesia. Besides the minimal basic needs, other needs have not been appropriately met, namely the need for information in the country and the penetration of television broadcasts from Malaysia. This study aims to describe how the implementation of information security in border areas, especially in Riau province, through the operational concept of David L. Weimer and Aidan R. Vining. This research uses a qualitative approach through a case study, namely Rupat Island. The data collection method in this study was through observations in border areas and interviews with government employees of Bengkalis Regency and border communities, which were carried out from January 2021 to November 2021. The results showed that information security in border areas led to improved telecommunications infrastructure, which proliferated. Apart from that, local governments continue to build access to public information. However, border communities are still lagging in television and radio broadcasting. In addition to the ease of accessing Malaysian television channels, in general, the socio-cultural life of people in border areas is constructed from the Malaysian television channel programs they enjoy.

Perlindungan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Transaksi Yang Mempunyai Tujuan Pembayaran Menggunakan Mata Uang Rupiah Di Indonesia

Abstract Transactions that have the purpose of payment in the territory of Indonesia use the rupiah currency as stipulated in Law no. 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. However, the "Mualamah Market" uses dinar and dirham payment transactions, and Indonesia's border areas with Malaysia, Singapore and Timor Leste are very vulnerable to using Ringgit, Singapore Dollars and US Dollars as well as lawyers being paid using foreign currencies and there are still many cases other. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of criminal threats that can provide a deterrent effect on perpetrators and can scare the general public so that all people in the territory of Indonesia use the rupiah currency in transactions that have a payment purpose. The methodology used is normative juridical by using a statutory, conceptual, historical and comparative approach with the support of the theory of punishment and legal certainty or the principle of legality, as well as the principle of territoriality. The results of this study indicate that every transaction that has the purpose of payment in the territory of Indonesia is required to use the rupiah currency. 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. The criminal threat in Article 33 paragraph (1) of Law no. 7 of 2011 concerning Currency is not in accordance with the theory of punishment (combined theory) because the sanctions are too light, both fines and physical crimes so that the sanctions are not yet effective to provide a deterrent effect or frighten the general public. Keywords: Criminal Law Protection, Payment Transactions, and Rupiah

The Involvement and Conflict of Authority of Actors Managing the Indonesia-East Malaysia Border Area

The management of Indonesian border areas encounters many complex problems in terms of the regional environment and border management actors. The objective of this study was to explore the involvement of actors and their authority in managing border areas. In this study, the researchers employed a qualitative approach to reveal the involvement of each actor and their authority. Results showed that the border area is a new arena for the Central Government as the main actor in terms of political affairs and public policies. This condition leads to a conflict of authority between actors. The Regional Government plays a role as the second actor acting as a passive object. In reality, management of border areas has not been developed by Central and Regional Governments seriously both in terms of distribution, autonomy, and reinforcement of authority. This makes the issue of the management of border areas complicated, especially to make border areas a connecting point of the state with neighboring countries by emphasizing a comprehensive welfare-oriented development program for each region without compromising the security approach. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that constructing and building a complete synergy pattern between management actors are crucial starting points in developing border areas.

Study of Ethnic Culture on Critical Thinking about NKRI in the Jagoi Babang District, Bengkayang Region, Indonesian Border, and Malaysia

This research is titled Cultural Studies Ethnic To Critically Think About the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in the District of Good Gaping Regency on the Boundaries of Indonesia and Malaysia. Investigate Variables, Examine culture ethnicity (X) and Capacity Think Causally (Y). The method employed is a survey with a causal qualitative approach to path analysis, including the steps of determining the tools (instruments), collecting data, organizing, and analyzing data. Primary data (instrument distribution based on a Likert scale) and secondary data (documentation studies related to research problems) are used to collect information. 190 people were sampled from six villages and fourteen hamlets with a total population of 6047. Long-term maintenance of justice, equity, and community development at the grass-roots level in Indonesia through policy formulation is an organizational unit based on research findings. Reviewing the culture, infrastructure, facilities, and better human resources from the corner of the relevant department, which has been tasked with enhancing the ability to think critically about the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly in its border region with Sarawak East Malaysia, and enhancing the department’s degree of responsibility. This could serve as a reference for a long-term impact study because community-culture-supporting party stakeholders provide the best assurance. Consider this for six months. outside this study are: 1. Reports on research, financial statements, and logbooks. 2. Articles generated by seminar outcomes (certificates and photos of activities). 3. Innovative products that enrich teaching materials, guidelines, models, and policies. 4. Submit scientific articles published in reputable national or international journals, such as : International Journal Of Research And Review

The Evaluation of the Indonesian Government Authority in Managing the Border Area of West Kalimantan-Sarawak

This article aims to analyse the extent to which the regulatory authority established by Law Number 43 of 2008 has been implemented to manage the development of Indonesia’s border areas. The central and regional governments envision the forefront of the state to optimise the welfare of people living in Indonesia's border areas with neighbouring countries. Due to the widening economic gap with Sarawak, less optimal coordination between central and regional governments in handling state border areas, and limited infrastructure and social facilities, the border area poses a complex threat to the sovereignty of Indonesia. We conducted descriptive normative research by exploring several sources from the laws and regulations, books, journal articles, and online news articles. Additionally, we incorporated field research as our data collection method in West Kalimantan Province. The author observed the border area and conducted expert interviews with the local government, the manager of the border gate at Entikong, Sanggau Regency, and the West Kalimantan Provincial government representative. Normatively, the authority has been divided and defined in Law Number 43 of 2008. However, a lack of coordination in implementing the law was caused by the ambiguous hierarchy of authority among the stakeholders due to the physical capabilities to reach the areas. We argue that the closest coverage of authoritative bodies in giving services to the people will boost the people’s welfare in the border areas.

The Conflict of South China Sea and Impact on Indonesia’s National Interest

The South China Sea is a strategic water area and abundant in natural resources. China's historical claims and activities in the South China Sea have given rise to territorial disputes between China and countries around the South China Sea. Disputes over the territorial waters of the South China Sea are a challenge for regional stability, including Indonesia. This dispute poses a threat to the defense of the sovereignty of the Indonesian state because the contested location is near the Indonesian border, namely the territorial waters of the Natuna Islands. This paper uses a normative juridical approach which uses secondary data with descriptive analytical and qualitative research specifications. The results of this study concluded that the cause of conflict in the waters of the South China Sea is because each country has its interests to be realized to benefit from the conflict that occurs and for Indonesia as a mediating country it can continue to be maintained throughout the conflict in the waters of the South China Sea relating to the archipelago, security, and guaranteeing the freedom of international shipping and most importantly the national interest of Indonesia is not harmed, especially in protecting the country's sovereign territory, namely the territorial waters of the Natuna Islands.

Territorial Politics in Cross-Border Local Development Strategies in the Krayan – Ba’Kelalan Region at the Indonesia – Malaysia Border

ABSTRACT Dynamics of uncertainty and complexity shape cross-border local development. The ethnic proximity of communities in the highlands of Kalimantan creates fluid and cross-border cultural empathy in socio-cultural and economic interactions without a formal framework of cross-border cooperation. Indonesian border development policies have shifted socio-cultural relations, triggering socio-economic inequalities and conflicts of interest that impact cross-border activities. This study uses Constructivist Grounded Theory to analyze how these issues play out in the Indonesian-Malaysian border region. The study shows the management of socio-cultural relationships and networks, capital accumulation, and its role in accommodating local interests. In the case study, these efforts lead to sustainable regional development by promoting economic equality and ensuring cross-border interactions and local sovereignty in a region with different jurisdictions and limited resources and capacities. Thus, this study provides empirical evidence of how local development strategies transform into territorial politics in response to the dynamics of cross-border issues.

An Overview of Indonesia's Serious Efforts to Resolve Border Conflict with Malaysia: A Case Study of Camar Bulan and Tanjung Datu Period 2011-2014

Indonesia's border areas are underdeveloped areas with limited infrastructure and social and economic facilities. Moreover, some areas tend to be poor people and are oriented toward neighbouring countries. This study aims to determine the background of the border dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia in Camar Bulan and Tanjung Datu and to determine the basis of Indonesia's demands for border disputes in Camar Bulan and Tanjung Datu. Additionally, the research method used is descriptive analysis, and library sources are conducted to collect the data. The results show that the prospect of dispute resolution in the Camar Bulan and Tanjung Datu areas will be slow. This condition is because the government's development is not accompanied by the affirmation of boundaries, maintenance of the boundary markers, and strengthening of Indonesia's diplomatic power, so thus the development will certainly be obstructed.

Discussion to Improved Understanding: The TNI Role in Helping Villages for Community Empowerment in the Border Area of Nusa Tenggara Timur

The most difficult 'enemy' to face on the Indonesian border in the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) and the State of Timor Leste is poverty. We can only fight poverty with community empowerment. Community empowerment at national borders is one of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). The method of implementing this activity is to conduct discussions to increase understanding of the TNI's duties to assist local governments in community empowerment programs in the border areas of NTT. The method of writing this paper is to use a qualitative approach by reviewing various literature and discussions conducted with Korem 161/Wirasakti Kupang and Kodim 1605 Belu NTT. At the NTT border, the Border Security Task Force (Satgas Pamtas) 742/SWY TNI performs the main task of Border Security and explores the community's potential, and empowers this potential. There are many creations of this unit in "fighting poverty," namely through the five programs of the Wira Yudha House. Rumah Wira Yudha has programs in Education, Health, Love Pancasila, Entrepreneurship, and Wira Yudha Sharing to answer the needs and limitations in border villages. All these activities are full of activities based on Pancasila values.

Peningkatan Pemahaman Mengenai Kebijakan Kesehatan di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia Bersama Mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana Kupang

This activity aims to increase understanding of health policy issues in Indonesia's border areas. The activity method carried out is conducting a discussion (Forum Group Discussion) with lecturers and students at the Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana Kupang. While the writing method used is a descriptive approach. It is necessary to increase the development of health and supporting infrastructure in border areas. Socialisation and improvement of health insurance services from the government also need to be carried out, as well as increasing the competence of health workers or all human resources in the health sector.

Happiness of ex-refugees in the Indonesia border after two decades of Timor Leste referendum.

This study aimed to find out how happy the ex-East Timor refugees who chose to become Indonesians after more than 20 years of the Timor Leste referendum were. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis were employed for investigating the responsible factors for their happiness level. An open survey method and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) scale distribution were used in this study with 173 Indonesians who participated in the 1999 Timor Leste referendum. The results show that on a scale of 1 to 6 participants are in the second or third lowest levels of happiness. Five main factors determine the happiness of the refugees, including economic condition, recognition and appreciation from the Indonesian government, security, family, and education access. These research findings offer a deeper understanding of the ex-refugee studies to obtain psychological well-being rights in their country of choice.

Problem of food security in the Indonesia border area of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province

Areas in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) have a high food vulnerability. This study aims to analyze food security in the NTT border region with Timor Leste, thus gaining an understanding of finding solutions to strengthening community food security. The research method used is descriptive to provide a systematic, factual, and accurate description of the facts and characteristics of the phenomena investigated. The low performance of farming influences food vulnerability due to the nature of rainfall that does not support agriculture and the little ability of farmer governance and access to innovation and technology. Food security strengthens policy and is needed for border communities and outermost islands.

Penegakan Hukum Oleh Pos Lintas Batas Bagi Para Pelintas di Wilayah Perbatasan Papua dan Papua New Guinea

Introduction: The urgency to organize the border between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea and border crossers is based on historical reasons that are more complex than the arrangement of Indonesia's borders with other countries.Purposes of the Research: To overcome these problems, the author proposes the idea of an integrated border management.Methods of the Research: This research uses sociological juridical method with the research location in Jayapura City.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the border governance policies tend to ignore the cultural identity variable, which then encourages the use of cultural identity to challenge the state's version of dominant conceptions and policies in border governance. This is indicated by the phenomenon of "rat trails" and other cross-border interaction networks that are illegal by the state. Cultural approach in border governance policy is the principle that animates security policy, political policy, and economic policy in border governance. The practical consequence of this study is that border governance must move away from the domination of the economic security approach to an integrated approach.

Enforcing Law in Undelimited Maritime Areas: Indonesian Border Experience

Abstract As the largest archipelagic State in the world, Indonesia has a very long coastline and is bordered by ten countries. Irrespective of its geographical condition, a genuine delimitation of its maritime boundaries is crucial for Indonesia. However, maritime boundary delimitation often takes considerable time. One problem that often arises during maritime boundary delimitation negotiations is determining the extent to which coastal States can enforce their national law in areas with undelimited maritime boundaries. This article analyses the national and international regulations, as well as Indonesian practice, of maritime law enforcement in areas with undelimited maritime boundaries and Indonesia‘s current practices in resolving maritime-related issues.

Policy Strategy in Management Local Government Kepulauan Riau Province in Border Area

In the management of border areas, there are often prolonged conflicts that have the potential to threaten Indonesia's defense. Kepulauan Riau Province is one of the areas directly adjacent to the sea with neighboring countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the Policy Strategy in the Management of the Regional Government of the Kepulauan Riau Province in the Border Area. The research method uses a qualitative approach to literature study, analysis using triangulation. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for sustainable management by local governments to create border management based on international cooperation. In addition, researchers also provide recommendations that stakeholders involved in border management should prioritize the interests of the community above other interests, this is because people who understand border conditions at sea are due to their activities dealing with several problems in border areas in the Kepulauan Riau Province that must receive attention. specifically, both local government and central government. In addition, the Indonesian border can be a policy guide for the Central Government and Regional Governments that have border areas. With a comprehensive management policy, it is hoped that the development of border areas can be carried out in a more planned, programmed, directed, and measurable manner. It is hoped that the policy on this grand design can be included in the revision of laws and regulations and regional regulations related to the management of border areas. Some of the recommendations that emerged were strengthening various institutional fields, making comprehensive policies to accelerate the development of border areas, improving the quality of public services, to expanding the development of economic infrastructure and agricultural industries that can support improving the welfare of people in border areas.

Indonesian Border Defense Policy: A Case Study on the Interoperability of the joint regional defense command

National security stability is a condition that arises from maintaining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, overcoming violations of border areas, overcoming smuggling and theft of natural resources, and implementing the empowerment of defence areas at the border. The empowerment of the defence area is carried out by the TNI with all the national potential that exists in the border area so that it becomes a formidable regional power to support defence interests. However, in its implementation, it still faces conditions where the interoperability strategy implemented by Kogabwilhan as Armed Forces Operational Main Commands needs to be optimized. This article discusses the strategy for optimizing the interoperability of the Joint Regional Command in Border Security Operations through a study of organizational resources, combat functions, and elements of cooperation. Using a descriptive analysis method that emphasizes the collection of empirical data and facts sourced from a combination of literature studies and interviews with key informants, an analysis of factual conditions, influencing factors, and ideal conditions is carried out. The results of the analysis show that the optimization strategy can be carried out through three main strategies. First, optimizing organizational resources through a strategy to improve Border Security Operations infrastructure, strengthening the use of information technology, and implementing the commitment of the TNI leadership through the Network-Centric Warfare policy. Second, optimizing the elements of the combat function through optimizing the Kogabwilhan strategy as a permanent Armed Forces Operational Main Command, increasing the empowerment of TNI experience in the implementation of Border Security Operations, as well as strengthening defence and security against transnational crimes. Third, optimizing the elements of cooperation through the strategy of optimizing the existence of the National Border Management Agency (BNPP), increasing development and social and economic conditions for border communities that are still lagging behind, and increasing cooperation in the existence and harmonization of Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine. The result should serve as a relevant recommendation for Indonesian border defence policy and a practical suggestion to defence and security institutions to further develop their operational mechanism.

The Role of The State in Implementing Gastro Diplomacy Through Saprahan at The Temajuk Border of Indonesia

Saprahan is an eating tradition that developed in the Malaysia community in the Sambas area. The implementation practice is full of positive values and meanings in describing the identity of the Sambas Malaysia community, which has potential in Indonesian gastro diplomacy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the state's role in gastro diplomacy through Saprahan at the Temajuk Sambas border. This research is a literature study that focuses on the Saprahan tradition in the Indonesia-Malaysia border area in Temajuk Village, West Kalimantan. The data is obtained through books, journals, and online sources by entering keywords; gastro diplomacy, Saprahan, and Temajuk. The results obtained from the study can be described that specifically, the state's role in implementing gastro diplomacy through saprahan at the Temajuk Sambas border has not functioned as gastro diplomacy. However, from a historical point of view, its value and meaning, the saprahan tradition has excellent potential in Indonesian gastro diplomacy efforts in the border area between Indonesia and Malaysia. This is supported by the development of tourism in Temajuk, attracting local tourists to foreign tourists to promote culinarily and eating traditions where the intimate communication space that can be created through the tradition of eating saprahan makes it easier to negotiate and make decisions.