Syzygium Polyanthum Research Articles

INVENTARISASI, DISTRIBUSI, DAN POLA PENYEBARAN Rhododendron EPIFIT DI KEBUN RAYA EKA KARYA BALI

Epiphytic Rhododendrons is an important component in an ecosystem, but there is not much information and studies related to its ecology. This research aims to inventory and study the distribution and distribution patterns of Rhododendron populations that grow naturally in Eka Karya Botanic Gardens Bali (KREK). Random sampling method was employed to census the host trees especially old ones (more than 20 years) that overgrown with Rhododendrons. The results showed that there is one species of epiphytic Rhododendron identified in the KREK, namely Rhododendron javanicum. It is found typically in thin substrate thickness with moderate light intensity, mostly in zone III and IV. There were five host species, namely Bischofia javanica Blume, Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub., Glochidion rubrum Blume, Prunus sp., and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. with a total number of 31 trees. The results of this study would provide considerations for KREK managers to conserve, develop and utilize policies of epiphytic Rhododendron species.

Traditional antidiabetic plants from Indonesia

Background : Indonesia with its widely varied geographical features is rich with knowledge and practice in the utilization of plants for maintaining health and treating diseases, including for diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes the result of ethnopharmacological studies mentioning the application of plants to treat diabetes mellitus conducted in Indonesia. Methods : The online literature search using Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) was carried out to collect data on the use of plants for traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus from ethnobotanical studies in Indonesia published in 2014-2018. Results : The traditional medicinal plants listed in this article are compiled from 67 studies conducted in 18 provinces and 37 defined ethnicities. There are 132 species of antidiabetic plants from 53 families reported. The most popular plants with multiple uses in different places include Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., Persea americana Mill., and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Leaves, decoction, and oral were found to be the most frequently used plant parts, preparation method, and administration route of those antidiabetic plants, respectively. Conclusions : Indonesia has a large number of traditional antidiabetic plants that are potentially developed further into standardized herbal medicines to enable their uses in formal healthcare systems. Keywords : Ethnopharmacology, Indonesia, medicinal plants, antidiabetic activities, antidiabetic compounds.

Syzygium Polyanthum Wight Leaf Extract Evaluation On Aedes Spp Instar III-IV Larvae

Aedes spp mosquitos are the vectors that most cause diseases. The rise of insecticide resistance is related to the increasing of vectorial capacity. Plant can be used as an alternative source for controlling these vectors, one of which is Syzygyium polyanthum (Wight). The present study was conducted to investigate the larvasidal properties of S. polyanthum leaf on Aedes spp instar III-IV. Ethanolic extract of S. polyanthum (EESP) was prepared by maceration using ethanol 70%. Larvae were divided into 7 groups (n=25, respectively). Group I to V consisted of different concentrations of EESP (100 (CI);150 (CII);200 (CIII);250 (CIV);300ppm (CV)); VI: Water (W) and VII : Temephos 1% (T). Larvacidal activity was evaluated by calculating the dead larva at 180. 360, 1440 and 2880 minutes to obtain Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) and Lethal Time 50% (LT50) using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). The result showed that no larva found dead in W-treated group. Otherwise, the mortality of larva was increased with increasing of EESP concentration (CI to CV). LC50 and LT50 showed 213 ppm and 2410 minutes, respectively. We conclude that EESP has larvicidal activity on Aedes spp instar III-IV.
 Keywords: Aedes spp, extract, larvicidal, Syzygium polyanthum

XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT FRACTIONS OF VARIOUS INDONESIAN ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL PLANTS

Objective: Hyperuricemia involves an increase in serum uric acid levels, resulting in kidney damage, increased mortality, and reduced quality of life.Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, which catalyzes the last step in uric acid synthesis, are targets for therapeutic intervention.Methods: An ethnopharmacological approach, screening four native Indonesian herbal medicinal plants with reported activity against hyperuricemia,was used for preliminary studies, fractionating methanolic extracts by solvent partitioning. Fractions were then tested in vitro for xanthine oxidaseinhibitory activity, and the most active fraction was then subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening.Results: The target tissue of the four herbal medicinal plants investigated was Indian bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum Wight.), God’s crown fruit(Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl.), snake fruit peel (Salacca edulis Reinw.), and Job’s tears tuber (Cyperus rotundus Linn.). Each sample was extracted bymaceration with 80% methanol. The concentrated extract was then fractionated by the liquid-liquid partition method (1:1 v/v) using n-hexane, ethylacetate, butanol, and methanol sequentially as solvents. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction. S. polyanthumleaf and C. rotundus tuber showed the greatest potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 18.43 and10.50 μg/ml, respectively. Enzyme kinetics analysis shows that each plant fraction works as a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.Conclusion: Preliminary screening identified the ethyl acetate fractions of two native Indonesian herbal medicinal plants as showing potential foranti-hyperuricemia activity.

Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai Antirheumatoid Artritis pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Complete Freund’s Adjuvants (CFA)

Rheumatoid arthritis is an chronic autoimmune disease, which is characterized by inflammation and degradation of the joints and cartilages. Rheumatoid therapy is currently using immunosuppressant drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. Treatment of chronic rheumatoid can trigger side effects. Syzygium polyanthum leaves contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and essential oils consist of citral and eugenol which are thought to be potential as antirheumatoid. This study aims to determine the effect antirheumatoid arthritis and effective dose of ethanol extracts of Syzygium polyanthum leaf. This study used 15 male rats. Treatment started by measuring foot volume using a pletismometer and then inducting CFA intraplantary as much as 0,1 mL on day 1 and left until day 16th. On the day 17th a foot volume and arthritis index was measured and then treated until the day 30th. The animals were divided into 5 groups: negative control (Na. CMC 1%), positive control (methylprednisolone dose 1.646 mg / kg BW), ethanol extractof Syzygium polyanthum leaf at a dose of 75 mg / kg, 150 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg. On the day 31st, foot volume and arthritis index measurements were taken again. The results showed a decrease in foot volume and arthritis index after given of the extract. Foot volume difference data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. The difference between the arthritis index data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Statistical results show that positive control has the same effect as extract (P> 0.05). Based on the results of statistical analysis of inflammation of the foot volume and the arthritis index shows that the ethanol extract of Syzygium polyanthum leaf had an effect as an antirheumatoid arthritis

Effect of salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight. Walp.) leaf extract on spermatozoa motility in ethanol-induced mice

Decreased quality of spermatozoa can occur because of the formation of free radicals resulting from ethanol induction. Salam [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.] leaves have been reported to have antioxidant activity. However, it is not known whether this antioxidant activity can overcome the decline in spermatozoa motility. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts obtained from salam leaves on spermatozoa motility in ethanol-induced mice (Mus musculus L.). Animals were divided into 5 groups. The normal control group (KK1) was not treated and the treatment control group (KK2) was administered with 0.5 % carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and ethanol (40 % v/v) at 2.8 g/kg body weight (bw). Ethanolic extracts of salam leaves at doses of 43.75, 87.5 and 175 mg/kg bw were orally administered into the mice in treated group 1 (KP1), treated group 2 (KP2), and treated group 3 (KP3), respectively. All treated mice were induced daily by ethanol per oral (p.o) at a dose of 2.8 g/kg bw (40 % v/v). The treatment was given for 20 consecutive days. The results of LSD testing showed that ethanol extracts of salam leaves resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentages of spermatozoa motility. Compared to the mice of the KK2 group (44.88 % ± 3.40 %), the spermatozoa motility of all treated groups (KP1 56.97 % ± 2.66 %; KP2 58.19 % ± 5.33 %; KP3 53.77 % ± 4.00 %) showed higher percentages of motility.

Short communication: Effects of the various source areas of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on chemical content and antidiabetic activity

Abstract. Dewijanti ID, Mangunwardoyo W, Dwiranti A, Hanafi M, Artanti N. 2020. Short communication: Effects of the various source areas of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on chemical content and antidiabetic activity. Biodiversitas 21: 1190-1195. Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) are from an Indonesian plant species belonging to the Myrtaceae family. The Indonesian name for this plant is salam; it is found in Sumatra, Kalimantan, and the Java Islands. Its leaves are the part of the plant commonly used. Salam leaves are usually consumed by people as a food flavoring, but are also used as a traditional antidiabetic medicine. The purpose of this study was to discover the effects of salam leaves’ origins on their chemical content and antidiabetic activity. For this reason, salam leaf samples were collected from three different provinces in Java (West Java, Central Java, and East Java). The samples were extracted by boiling in water. Phytochemical screening, chemical analysis using TLC, HPLC, LC-MSMS, and FTIR, and antidiabetic in vitro testing using alpha-glucosidase inhibition methods were conducted on the salam leaves’ water extracts. The results showed that salam leaf extracts from all three provinces contained quercetin. However, the salam originating from East Java also contained coniferin, the salam from Central Java contained juncusol, and the salam from West Java contained retucine. The salam leaves originating from East Java showed the lowest antidiabetic activity, whereas salam leaf extract showed significantly higher antidiabetic activity. As conclusion, a plant’s growth origin affects its chemical content and antidiabetic activity.

Pengembangan Sediaan Serbuk Antidiabetes dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) dan Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglicemic. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and Salam ( Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) are plants which recognized as blood glucose controller. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of the two extract in decreasing blood sugar levels of diabetic rats. The rats divided into 6 groups: group I (normal control) without treatment, group II (negative control), group III (positive control), group IV (extract of mangosteen with dose of 400 mg), group V (extract of salam leaf with dose of 400 mg) and group VI (combination of mangosteen 200 mg and salam leaf 200 mg). Data were analyzed by One-Way Anova, followed by PostHoc Bonferroni analysis. Then the combination of the extract was formulated in powder dosage form blended with PVP, Sucralose and Lactose. The evaluation included physical test are organoleptic, water content and flowability time. The results showed that the combination of the extracts of mangosteen and salam leaf comprising half doses of eact extract could lower blood glucose levels significantly (P&lt;0.05) with better efficacy than each single extract and the combination of extracts able to produce powder dosage form with the requirement (organoleptic, water content and flowability time).

Study of Antioxidant Activities from Antihypertension Drug Plant of the Indralaya Area

Ogan ethnic population in Indralaya, Ogan Ilir District, South Sumatra was known to have used several types of plants, there are Swietenia mahagoni, Averrhoa carambola , Syzygium samarangense, Musa acuminata , Nymphaea rubra , Syzygium polyanthum, and Andrographis paniculata for the treatment of hypertension. But, scientific information has not yet been found secondary metabolites that are responsible for providing these activities. The study began with the extraction of methanol from the seven types of plants using methanol as a solvent. Each thick extract was tested for its activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-1-picryllhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The extract which showed the highest activity (methanol extract) was subsequently carried out in vitro antihypertension test using the Angiotencyn Converting Enzyme (ACE) method. Antioxidant test results showed that the methanol extract from S. samarangense stem bark had the highest antioxidant activity with IC 50 was 83.06 μg/mL. Antihypertension test of methanol extract from S. samarangense stem bark obtained IC 50 ACE was 61.56 μg/mL. Based on the IC 50 value, it shows that S. samarangense stem bark has potential as a source of antioxidant compounds as well as a source of antihypertension compounds. Keywords: Syzygium samarangense, stem bark, antioxidant, antihypertension

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan dan Pemberian Daun Salam Pada Pasien Dengan Asam Urat di Wilayah RT 10 Kelurahan Murni

Gout is a very painful arthritis caused by the accumulation of crystals in the joints, due to high levels of uric acid in the body. Joints that are attacked primarily are the toes, knees, heels, wrists, fingers and elbows. Apart from pain, gout can also make the joints swell, inflamed, hot and stiff so that sufferers can not do activities as usual. Management of gout is divided into three namely pharmacologically, non-pharmacologically and herbal. Management of gout in non-pharmacological salam plants (Syzygium polyanthum Wight). Salam plants contain tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils consisting of citrate and eugenol. Bay leaf can increase urine production (diuretic) so that it can reduce blood uric acid levels. Based on the assessment conducted through interviews, observations and questionnaires obtained data in RT 10 Kelurahan Murni with a KK number of 47 with 172 population, namely the elderly with gout 9.0 20 20%. The activity starts at 15:45 WIB and ends at 16:30 WIB. The activity was carried out not according to the plan that had been made because residents who came one by one and many were still waiting for other residents to come to the extension site. The activity starts with the participants coming by filling in the attendance sheet then the participants are directed to sit in the classrooms of SD N 174 to attend counseling about gout. The results of the participants' education were able to explain again the meaning of gout 80.5%, the cause of gout 78.0%, signs and symptoms of gout 90.2%, prevention of gout 90.2% and complications of gout 78.0% .

Prospect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum) Extract in Reducing Ischemia and Inflammation in Animal Model of Myocardial Infarction: An Experimental Study

Introduction: Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) was thought to have potential to treat cardiovascular disease traditionally. Myocardial Infarction (MI) characterised by sudden blockage of coronary artery due to atherosclerosis rupture and following MI, several changes could happen such as expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) 1α, immune cell infiltration, cytokine release, and fibrosis. Aim: To study the effect of bay leaf extract on HIF-1α, immune cell infiltration, IL-10 level, and fibrosis in animal model of MI. Materials and Methods: An Experimental study using animal model of MI was conducted in December 2019. Thirty two Wistar rats were surgically manipulated to have MI. Rats were then divided into two groups: treatment group (with bay leaf extract administration) and control group. Neutrophil and macrophage distribution, collagen (fibrosis) distribution, and HIF-1αexpression were examined in infarcted muscle. Additionally, serum was taken to measure IL-10 level. Observation was conducted on day 1, day 4, day 7, day 14 after MI episode. Independent t-test was used to compare serum IL-10 level between groups. Statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: Lower HIF-1α expression was seen in treatment group since day 1, showing better response to ischemia. As for inflammation, decreased neutrophil distribution, increased macrophage distribution was observed in treatment group. Significant increases in IL-10 level were also noticed since day 1 in treatment group (p&lt;0.05 in all observation day). Lower fibrosis was also noticed from day 1 in treatment group. All these effects were further seen in day 4, day 7, and day 14. Conclusion: Bay leaf extract has potential in reducing ischemia, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis in animal model of MI.

COMPARISON BAY LEAF (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM (WIGHT) WALP) EXTRACT WITH 400 MG AND 600MG DOSE ON NITRIT OXIDE CONCENTRATION IN DYSLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is known to trigger damage to endothelial blood vessels so that the disruption of nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide in blood vessels acts as an antiaterosclerotic agent, vasodilator, and prevents platelet aggression. Bay leaf extract is reported to be efficacious in reducing cholesterol, triglyceride levels and can increase levels of nitric oxide. This study aims to compare the effects of bay leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg and 600 mg on nitric oxide levels in dyslipidemic patients. Method: Clinical trial research with a prospective design. The first group (n = 15) was given therapy with dose of 400mg and the second group (n = 15) was given 600mg which was chosen randomly selected randomly in double disguised. Before and after 30 days of treatment, lipid profile and nitric oxide were examined. Data were analyzed by T-dependent statistical test and Wilcoxon test using SPSS. Significant difference when p &lt;0.05. Result: Nitric oxide levels before drug administration compared with after treatment. The results of the study found a decrease in group I (41.71 vs 46.62) mmol / L; p = 0.233) and group II ((39.89 vs 52.62) mmol / L; p = 0.006), statistically significant in group II. Increased levels of nitric oxide in group II were greater than group I (∆4.91 vs ∆12.73), and statistically significant; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The used of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) 600 mg for 30 days increases nitric oxide levels greater than 400 mg, and is statistically significant.

Color changes and smoke penetration of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) and tusam (Pinus merkusii) woods after smoke treatment

Wood color is one of the physical properties that influence aesthetic values. Color has an important place regarding to human’s style. Color can be the preferential factors prior to people when making a decision to purchase wood products. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of smokes period (one-, two-, and three-week) on the color change and smoke penetration of tusam (Pinus merkusii) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) woods. The smoke was generated from pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. Color evaluation was done with CIEL*a*b* method. The assessment of smoke penetration was done with visual identification using ImageJ application. The results demonstrated that smoke treatment resulted in the color change of the wood. Smoke treatment caused value of L* (lightness), a* (red-green), and b* (yellow-blue) of wood treated were decreasing from original wood. The wood was darker with longer period of smoke. Appearance of smoked wood was different totally from original color of wood. In visual identification showed that smoke was penetrated less than 1 mm of each wood. It was found that all smoke periods can be applied for natural coloring for smoky color type.

Color Change and Resistance to Subterranean Termite Attack of Mangium (Acacia mangium) and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) Smoked Wood

Indonesian log production is dominated by young trees harvested from plantation forests. The timber contains of sapwood and juvenile wood, which are not resistant to termite attack. Smoking treatment can enhance wood resistance to termite attack, but it also changes the color. Specimens of mangium (Acacia mangium) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 weeks to smoke produced from the pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. The color change of the wood was measured using the CIELab method. In addition, wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) under laboratory conditions. Untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood samples were also prepared for comparison purposes. The results showed that the color of smoked wood differed from that of untreated wood, and the color change for sengon was greater than for mangium. In addition, the 1-week smoking period changed the wood color less than the 2- and 3-week periods, which did not differ. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had distinctive color changes compared to untreated wood. Untreated mangium wood had moderate resistance to subterranean termite attack (resistance class III), while sengon had very poor resistance (resistance class V). Salam wood smoke enhanced wood resistance to termite attack, and smoke treatment of 1 week for mangium and 2 weeks for sengon resulted in the wood becoming very resistant (resistance class I). Both types of smoked wood were more resistant to subterranean termite attack than imidacloprid-preserved wood (average class II resistance).

Syzygium Polyanthum Reduced TNF-α and ADAM17 Protein Expression in Myocardial Infarction Rat Model.

Background:In myocardial infarction (MI), inflammatory cytokine including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays pivotal role throughout worsening processes and recovery, whereas its cleavage is controlled by a disintegrin and metalloproteinases-17 (ADAM-17). Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) is widely used plant in Indonesia and Southeast Asian countries to treat various illnesses. Objective:This study aimed to analyze the effect of S. polyanthum extract towards TNF-α and ADAM17 expressions in MI rat model.Methods:Myocardial infarction were surgically induced in wistar rats by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery in both treatment and control group. Around 3.6 mg of S. polyanthum extract (SPE) was administered via nasogastric tube to treatment groups, while control group received only saline. Serum TNF-α level and expression of TNF-α and ADAM17 in blanching heart muscle was examined in both groups on day 1, day 4, day 7, and day 14 after treatment with SPE.Results:Reduction of serum TNF-α levels was markedly seen from day 4 in treatment group and was lower than in control group since day 4. Expression of ADAM17 was reduced and expression of TNF-α was only seen in myocardial membrane in group with SPE treatment.Conclusion:Syzygium polyanthum exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing ADAM17 expression subsequently lowering TNF-α regulation in MI rat model.

Screening of extraction buffer concentration for protease extraction from the leaves of Syzygium polyanthum using full factorial design

This study aimed to identify the factors that significantly affect the extraction of protease from the leaves of Syzygium polyanthum. The extraction of protease from the leaves of Syzigium polyanthum was studied at different concentration of substances in the extraction buffer. A 24 full factorial experimental design was performed. The effect of four independent operating factors including; A, the concentration of potassium phosphate (KPO4); B, the concentration of Triton X-100; C, the concentration of glycerol; and D, the concentration of dithiotreitol (DTT) on the protease activity were evaluated statistically. All regression models gave a good fit to the experimental data (R2 > 99%). The maximum protease activity was detected when the extraction was performed using 3.0 M KPO4, 1% Triton X-100, 80% glycerol and 1.5 M DTT. The results revealed that the concentration of KPO4, DTT, and their interaction were statistically significant to affect the protease activity. Thus, the results obtained from this study indicate that full factorial design is useful to screen the significant factors and minimise the number of experiments.

POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN FENOLIK DARI FAMILI MYRTACEAE DAN PERANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF TABIR SURYA

ABSTRACT Suryanto et al., 2010. The potential of phenolic antioxidant from Myrtaceae family as sunscreen active compound. The objectives of study was to determine free radical scavenging activity and measure sun protective activity of the phenolic extract in Myrtaceae family in vitro. Analyses of phytochemicals were based on total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannins. The antioxidant activities of extracts were determined by free radical 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Syzygium polyanthum, clove and Eugenia aquea powder was extracted with methanol 80% at room temperature for 24 hours. Free radical scavenging activity of each extracts evaluated at 100-200 ppm level. The higher total phenolic and tannin content was find clove leave extract, followed by Eugenia aquea leave extract and Syzygium polyanthum leave extract. Contrary, Eugenia aquea leave possessed higher contents of flavonoid than clove extract and Syzygium polyanthum extract. The clove leave extract showed higher DPPH free radical scavenging than Syzygium polyanthum and Eugenia aquea leave extract at 200 ppm level. Free radical scavenging activity of three extracts increased with increasing concentration of extract. The result showed also that clove phenolic extract possessed high potential as ingredient of sunscreen followed by Eugenia aquea and Syzygium polyanthum leave phenolic extract. Result of measuring the sun protection factor (SPF) were 34.38; 33.98 and 7.92, resvectively. These result suggested that three extracts in Myrtaceae family leave having potential as antioxidant and sun protection factor (SPF) value is high that including in low protection (6-8) and medium protection (>15). Keywords : antioxidant, Myrtaceae family, phenolic extract, sunscreen

PERAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SALAM (SYZGIUM POLYANTHUM) DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR ASAM URAT

Background: Uric acid is a final product or a waste that is resulted from the metabolism of purines. A high level of uric acid (hyperuricemia) will cause several health problems, such as vascular inflammation, smooth muscle proliferation, and vascular lesion in kidneys. The syzygium polyanthum leaves contain bioactive substances that may affect the level of uric acid in blood.&#x0D; Objective: This study aimed to determine the influence of boiled water of syzygium polyanthum leaves to the changes of uric acid levels in the target area of Puskesmas Pandak 1 Bantul.&#x0D; Methods: This study employed pre- and post-test without control group design. The population consisted of all patients with hyperuricemia in the target area of Puskesmas Pandak 1 Bantul. Sample was selected with a concecutive sampling, gaining a total number of 24 respondents. Data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. The dose of boiled water of syzygium polyanthum leaves intake was 0.36g/ KgBW, once a day for 14 days.&#x0D; Result: This research showed that the boiled water of syzygium polyanthum leaves decreased hyperuricemia (uric acid levels), along with the significancy value of 0.009 (p &lt;0.05). At the pre-test time, the average level of uric acid reached 7.279 mg/dl, and after the treatment, it decreased to 6.76 mg/dl.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study has established evidence that the boiled water of syzygium polyanthum leaves is able to decrease hyperuricemia (uric acid level in blood).&#x0D; Keywords: Syzygium polyanthum, boiled water of syzygium polyanthum leaves, hyperuricemia

Combination treatment of vildagliptin and bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) extract increased pancreatic beta cells number but have no effect toward glycated albumin levels in diabetic male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a complex and progressive disease which often lead to several debilitating complications that partly caused by by free radicals which can be overcome with antioxidants. Bay leaves contain essential oils, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids which have considerable antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect combination treatment of vildagliptin and bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) extract toward pancreatic beta cells density and glycated albumin levels in diabetic male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).&#x0D; Methods: An experimental posttest only control group study was conducted using 36 albino male rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 180-200 grams. The rats were divided into 2 groups (n= 18) with control group treated with 1.8mg/200g body weight vildagliptin and 2cc placebo (aquabidest) while the treatment group received 1.8mg/200g BW vildagliptin and 250 mg/200g BW bay leaves extract. All treatment lasted for 21 days.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that pancreatic beta cell counts in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group (109.07 ± 20.47 cells/field of view vs 90.87 ± 13.91 cells/field of view; p&lt;0.01). However, the levels of Glycated albumin between two groups were not significantly different (treatment vs control: 17.33 ± 4.51 vs 20.18 ± 4.57; p=0.068).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study suggested that combination treatment of vildagliptin and bay leaf extract increased pancreatic beta cells but did not reduce glycated albumin levels in diabetic male Wistar rats.

Study of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Growth on the Ex-limestone Mining Soil with Goat Manure and NPK Fertilizer Increment

The limestone mining process causes the former limestone quarry land has low soil fertility characteristics. It is necessary to rehabilitate ex-limestone mine land through revegetation. Syzygium polyanthum is a potential tree species for revegetation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of goat manure and NPK addition on the ex-limestone mining soil toward the growth of S. polyanthum seedlings and to found the optimal dosage of goat manure and NPK addition. This study used a factorial complete randomized design consisting of two factors, namely goat manure (doses of 0 g, 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g) and NPK (doses of 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g). The application of goat manure and NPK on the ex-limestone mining significantly affected the growth of height, diameter, total wet weight, and total dry weight of S. polyanthum seedlings, except the root shoot ratio. The best treatment for the addition of goat manure and NPK toward the growth of S. polyanthum seedlings on the ex-limestone mining was 150 g goat manure and 5 g NPK.