Individual Residential Buildings Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF AUTONOMOUS RESIDENTIAL HEATING SYSTEMS ON AIR POLLUTION IN MUNICIPALITIES (CASE STUDY OF THE BAIKAL REGION)

The article suggests a method for calculating emissions from the autonomous heating systems (AHS) of individual residential buildings based on the assessment of the number and area of farmsteads using remote sensing data, the volume and type of fuel and the type of combustion according to population surveys data and data provided by the administrations of municipal districts and settlements. The importance of AHS as a source of atmospheric pollution was evaluated at three spatial levels: the regions of Russia, where the AHS are of the greatest importance, were identified according to the structure of fuel consumption; the emissions from the combustion of residential heating fuel were calculated for the municipalities of the Baikal natural territory (BNT) and the types of territories were identified according to the structure of emission sources; and the role of AHS in air pollution of the residential areas was assessed for settlements. AHS are the dominant air pollution source (over 90%) for most of the BNT territory. Unlike CHPPs and boiler facilities, emissions from individual residential buildings using coal and firewood in most cases significantly affect air quality (up to 4,9 MPC of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide), and the areas of such impact are limited to the residential area of settle-ments. Strategies to reduce pollution depend on the location of a territory, type of settlement, income levels, the current structure of fuel consumption, the presence of exploited coal deposits and other factors

Theoretical studies of the expedient radius of thin pipe insulation

Decentralized ventilation systems with exhaust heat recovery are an energy-efficient solution for organizing and maintaining comfortable microclimate parameters in apartments and individual residential buildings. Such supply and exhaust systems do not require additional space for the distribution network of air ducts and significant intervention in the interior of the premises. One such device is the Vents TwinFresh regenerative installation. Twin Fresh install in the structure of the outer wall. The task of follow-up is to increase the efficiency of its work. Studies of heat exchange processes in the thin channels of the heat regenerator carried out. Channels with different thermophysical properties are studied. Experimental uncertainty decreases with better thermal insulation of the investigational stand. It is confirmed by the decrease in overheating and the heat transfer coefficient of the external surface thermal insulation when its thickness increases. Overcoming the critical diameter of the insulation of the experimental installation allows to minimize the measurement error, which takes into account the influence of heat exchange processes of the outer surface of the insulation with the environment. It is necessary to determine not the critical but the expedient diameter of the insulation. When using the appropriate thickness of thermal insulation, the temperatures on the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe have practically the same value. Thus, it is possible to take temperature readings of thin tubes from the outside, not from the inside, with the same accuracy. Accordingly, the design of the test stands for experimental research is simplified. The scope of application of the appropriate diameter of thermal insulation is not limited only to studies of heat transfer. This concept can used in any systems, equipment, and techniques that require insulating materials.

Investigation of the efficiency of grid-connected solar power plant for an individual residential house

Solar energy is the most available renewable resource for use in power supply systems for various objects. One of the promising areas is individual residential buildings. The article presents the results of research into the actual efficiency of grid-connected solar power plant for an individual residential house. The main criterion is the volume of generation and quality of electricity. It is shown that in the conditions of the Nizhniy Novgorod region of the Russian federation the effective share of electricity compensation from the grid solar power plant instead of electricity from the centralized network is 33%, the capacity of the solar power plant is 2.4 kw. For greater compensation of electric power it is necessary to use accumulator batteries.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДОСТУПНОСТИ ЖИЛЬЯ ДЛЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ НА ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКУЮ СИТУАЦИЮ В СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ

The topic of the article is to study the factor of financial accessibility of residential construction on fertility and migration rates in rural areas. The article analyzes the impact of financial opportunities to purchase housing in rural areas on the demographic indicators of rural areas. At the same time, the indicator of housing affordability in rural areas is defined as the ratio of the cost per square meter of housing (individual residential buildings) and the wages of economically active citizens employed in agriculture, minus the subsistence minimum. The analysis of the relationship between housing affordability and fertility rates per 1000 people in rural areas, fertility per woman, as well as intraregional migration rates was carried out.

Solar Energy and Climate Change

Modern solar energy is based on photothermal, photovoltaic and hybrid solar radiation conversion and passive capture of solar radiation. Photothermal conversion of solar radiation takes place in low-temperature, medium-temperature, and high-temperature photoconversion systems. Flat collectors with water and air are used for low-temperature conversion of solar radiation. Solar concentrators are used for medium-temperature conversion of solar radiation. Concentrators with heliostatic fields and parabolic reflectors of solar radiation are used for hightemperature conversion of solar radiation. Solar cells made of different materials are utilized for the photovoltaic conversion of solar radiation. Stand-alone and photovoltaic systems connected to the electricity distribution network are used to supply consumers with electricity. Fixed tilt, single or dual-axis tracking solar power plants are designed with the aim to generate a larger amount of electricity. Hybrid solar collectors are used for the simultaneous conversion of solar radiation into heat and electricity. For passive capture of solar radiation, individual residential and other buildings are used, which are built in accordance with the principles of solar architecture. Solar energy uses mainly environment-friendly materials, except toxic As and Cd in GaAs and CdTe solar cells. Devices used in solar energy do not emit harmful substances and do not have an adversary impact on climate change.

КОМПОЗИЦІЙНО-МИСТЕЦЬКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ СУЧАСНИХ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНИХ ЖИТЛОВИХ БУДИНКІВ

The article is devoted to the study of artistic features and specifics of the functioning of individual residential buildings. Examples of well-known, iconic objects designed and built at the beginning of the 20-21 centuries are considered. Research directions are conditionally divided into artistic-aesthetic, cultural-semiotic and functional. The main attention is paid to the composition and stylistic features of individual residential buildings, the description of conceptual-artistic, functional and constructive approaches used in the design and construction of these buildings. Examples of well-known architectural objects with analysis of various compositional techniques and stylistic directions are provided as illustrations. The first most famous object is the villa "Savoy", architect Le Corbusier. The villa is designed taking into account the 5 main principles developed by Corbusier for modern buildings, the main structural scheme of which is a reinforced concrete frame. The second object that defined an entire direction in the architecture of the last third of the 20th century is the "Vanna House", architect Robert Venturi. It is with this building that the emergence and development of a new architectural style - "postmodernism" - is connected. The third building is Villa "Soravia" by the well-known Coop Himmelb(l)au architectural office. Two more objects are examples of economy-class housing using the latest achievements in the field of new technologies. These are residential buildings designed by architects Tadao Ando and Renzo Piano. The continuous and purposeful improvement of building technologies and building structures, as well as the constant change and development of aesthetic views, stimulate the emergence of new stylistic concepts and artistic generalizations in modern architecture.

Comparing economic benefits of HVAC control strategies in grid-interactive residential buildings

Energy consumption in buildings continues to rise with increased deployment of energy-consuming equipment such as Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) amid a growing world economy. Renewable energy is projected to comprise a majority of the future electricity supply, but the intermittent nature of renewables means that consumption must respond to dynamic supply for optimal utilization. This paper proposes a novel HVAC control strategy for residential buildings using the adaptive comfort model, considering occupancy through probability and real-time information, and optimizing the HVAC schedule to reduce cost, maintain thermal comfort, and respond to the dynamic availability of renewable energy while being generalizable to different situations. To validate this approach, the Universal CPS Environment for Federation (UCEF) co-simulation platform is used to connect advanced building controls with the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus. Simulations are performed for a residential building in Sacramento, CA during a typical summer week. Economic impacts, energy consumption, and thermal comfort are analyzed for traditional, adaptive, and occupancy-based control strategies under demand-based, tiered, and fixed electric tariff systems. Simulation results show that occupancy consideration, adaptive thermal comfort, and optimization can reduce cost by 50.1 %, electricity consumption by 52.9 %, and discomfort by 56.2 % compared to traditional fixed setpoints. The ability of the proposed HVAC control strategy to shift energy consumption away from peak times under a demand-based tariff system is qualitatively analyzed and findings suggest that maximum load-shifting on a grid-scale is attained using occupancy consideration with optimized control and demand-based pricing. For individual residential buildings, similar economic benefits can be gained using the less-complex adaptive HVAC control strategy with existing tiered or simple electric tariff systems.

Analysis of the use of geothermal heat pumps for heating and cooling of individual residential buildings

Today, humanity is beginning to realize the problem of the growing shortage of natural energy sources. The prices of these sources are rising uncontrollably and will continue to rise in the future. As the Republic of Moldova does not have its own fossil fuels fields and is totally dependent on foreign imports, the implementation of renewable energy sources technologies becomes vital. In this sense, the usage of closed type geothermal heat pumps with direct heat exchange in new and reconstructed residential buildings to replace traditional heating boilers is beneficial. They can be especially effective in areas where there are no gas supply pipelines. The purpose of the paper is to determine the perspectives of geothermal heat pumps using in residential buildings in the Republic of Moldova climatic conditions. Examples with implemented geothermal heat pumps and project solutions for heating/cooling and hot water supply systems for three individual residential buildings in the southern region of the Republic of Moldova were analyzed for task implementation. During the 2020-2021 heating season, it was not necessary to use the additional reserve heat source for the examined objects.

Quantifying urban heat exposure at fine scale - modeling outdoor and indoor temperatures using citizen science and VHR remote sensing

Global warming and advancing urbanization lead to an increased heat exposure for city dwellers. Especially during summertime heatwaves, extreme daytime as well as high nighttime temperatures expose vulnerable people to potentially deadly heat risk. This applies specifically to indoor air temperatures, since people spend a lot of their time indoors. Against this background, this study relates outdoor and indoor air temperature measurements to area-wide geospatial data regarding summertime urban heat in the city of Augsburg, Germany. Air temperature data is collected from formalized as well as citizen science measurements, while remote sensing data with very-high spatial resolution (VHR) is utilized for assessment of their drivers and influencing factors. A land use regression approach is developed for city-wide modeling of outdoor and indoor air temperatures at the level of individual residential buildings. Daytime outdoor temperatures could be largely explained by vegetation parameters and imperviousness, whereas nighttime temperatures were more related to the building stock and radiation properties. For indoor temperatures, building density as well as building height and volume are additionally relevant. Outdoor air temperatures could be modeled with higher accuracies (mean absolute error (MAE) < 0.5 °C) compared to indoor temperatures (MAE < 1.5 °C), whereas outdoor and indoor modeling results are consistent with well-known patterns across different local climate zones (LCZ).

On accounting for emissions of pollutants from autonomous heat supply sources of individual residential buildings when conducting summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution for settlements

Introduction. Autonomous sources of heat supply (ASHS) can make a crucial contribution to the level of atmospheric air pollution in settlements. However, emissions from ASHS in most cases are either not included in the summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution at all or estimated with significant uncertainties. &#x0D; The purpose of this study was a hygienic assessment of methods and results of accounting for emissions of pollutants from the ASHS of individual residential buildings when conducting summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution for settlements. &#x0D; Materials and methods. the original methodology of a phased survey of the city’s ASHS was used and the results of summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in 18 cities conducted using this methodology are presented. Calculations of single, average seasonal (for the cold period) and average annual surface concentrations of pollutants were carried out in accordance with current regulatory documents using the unified software for calculating atmospheric pollution (UPRZA) “Ecologist-city”. In all the studied cities a significant number of sources of atmospheric air pollution was established to be ASHS. In more than 90% of these sources, coal and firewood were used as energy carriers. The greatest excess of hygienic standards of atmospheric air quality was noted &#x0D; for benz(a)pyrene. In 15 cities, the highest calculated maximum single surface concentration of at least one pollutant created by emissions from ASHS exceeded the maximum allowable single concentration (MACs). &#x0D; Limitations of the study are due to the fact that direct instrumental measurements to determine the characteristics of emissions from ASHS into the atmosphere are impossible. &#x0D; Conclusions. The area of the city’s territory where the estimated maximum single surface concentration of at least one pollutant exceeded the MACs, reached 45%, and the seasonal average concentration exceeded maximum allowable average annual concentration on 50% of the territory. The most effective measure to reduce air pollution by emissions from ASHS is the replacement of solid and liquid mineral fuels with natural gas. Unification of methods of accounting and inventory of ASHS as sources of atmospheric air pollution is required.

Examination of individual residential buildings that were damaged and destroyed as a result of hostilities

From the end of February 2022 until today, the material fund of Ukraine has been destroying by the Russian invaders, including individual residential buildings in every region of Ukraine. The authors carried out a mass technical inspection of more than 500 houses on the territory of the Makariv united territorial community, Buchansky district, Kyiv region. The result of each inspection is a technical report in which recommendations are given for possible restoration or, if necessary, dismantling (liquidation) of the object. All survey objects are divided by the periods of construction: before the 70s of the XX century, from the 70s of the XX century. In the second half of the 90s of the XX century, from the second half of the 00s of the XXI century. To this day. These construction periods are characterized primarily by construction technologies and materials used in construction. The result of this work is a comprehensive assessment of such buildings, with the provision of recommendations, that were damaged as a result of hostilities. Houses with a wooden frame suffer significant damage from any cause of destruction, and at the end of their useful life, it is economically impractical to restore such houses. Restoration of houses with ceramic brick walls can be economically feasible, but subject to a comprehensive assessment of each defect and damage, it is affected by the type of interior equipment, the mortar on which the masonry is laid, the location of the wall, etc. Restoration of houses, the walls of which are made of shell blocks, require a separate assessment, the determination of the condition of the masonry is quite limited and requires additional scientific research. Restoration of buildings, the walls of which are made of aerated concrete blocks, is mostly not physically possible, the use of the remains of a destroyed building when building a new one is inadmissible. The conclusions of this work can be used in the design of new buildings, using new recommendations caused by combat operations, regardless of the functional purpose of the building.

Residential buildings of the Russian population in the Omsk Irtysh region in the 17th — beginning of the 20th c. in the archaeological and architectural-ethnographic dimension

Over the past thirty-five years, a series of archaeological sites of the period of the Russian colonization of Siberia have been investigated in the territory of the Siberian macroregion, which made it possible to identify re-gional features and to trace evolution of the socio-cultural identity of the Russian Siberian in the 17th–19th cc. A topical issue is the in-depth study of the processes of ethno-cultural adaptation in microregions. In this work, as one of the aspects of adaptation, changes in the house exterior in the Omsk Irtysh region are considered. This work is aimed to consider main types of the residential buildings of the Russian population in the Omsk Irtysh region in the 17th — early 20th c. in order to determine their specifics and development trends. The work is carried by a complex approach, involving the use of different types of sources, such as archaeological, written, and eth-nographic. To compare the buildings studied in the Omsk Irtysh region with houses in other regions, a compara-tive historical method was used. Analysis of the archaeological materials on the architecture and layout of urban dwellings of the 17th–18th cc. showed specifics of the housing in different parts of the town. The houses of the representatives of the tsarist administration, senior clergy, and military commanders with multi-chambered buildings were located in the territory of the kremlin — the central part of the town. In the walled part of Western Siberian towns, where representatives of other social groups lived, both single-chambered and multi-chambered houses were built, although so far only few of them have been identified archaeologically. Stoves with chimneys and mica windows, as socially significant structural elements of the house, were gradually becoming attributes of the dwel-lings not only of the representatives of the tsarist administration, but also of the middle strata of the townspeople. In the rural areas, Russian immigrants in the 17th — first half of the 18th c. were erecting multi-chambered buildings of a large area. The set of socially-marking structural elements was the same as in the town. The archaeological material obtained during the study of residential buildings of the rural sites of the Irtysh Basin is generally of the same type and is equally characteristic of village and town alike. Based on the results of the author’s own ethno-graphic observations, a characteristics of individual residential buildings of the 19th — beginning of the 20th c. is given. There has been noted the prevalence of two-chambered dwellings by the end of the 19th century in the Russian village, which required less building material, as compared with multi-chambered counterparts, and were easier to heat. Multi-chambered buildings and carved platbands constituted socially marking traits of dwellings of the wealthy strata of the rural population. The field observations warranted further archaeological and ethno-graphic studies of the rural and urban wooden architecture to gain a deeper insight on the evolution of the house-building that combined traditional elements of the 17th–18th cc. with innovations, simplification, and standardiza-tion of the 19th–20th cc.

Use of Solar Energy for Heat Supply of Rural Residential Buildings with Personal Subsidiary Farming in Siberia

An experimental solar heat supply system of an individual (rural) residential building with an attached greenhouse is considered. The amount of thermal energy produced by the solar heat supply system under the climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk suburb, evaluated taking into account the solar collector efficiency and the NASA website data has been determined. Based on the study results, the following conclusions have been drawn: - it has been found in the course of the accomplished research that the use of a solar heating system for heating individual residential buildings and attached greenhouses under the climatic conditions of Siberia is technically possible and expedient; - according to the numerical assessment data, the annual amount of thermal energy produced by the experimental solar heat supply system from three solar collectors is 7903 kWh; - owing to the use of solar collectors in the solar heat supply system, the consumption of solid fuel in the boiler was decreased by 25–30% in comparison with the previous heating periods.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN THE ASPECT OF ENSURING THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS

The writing of this article provoked a wide discussion in the press in the fall of 2022 on the issue of "dacha renovation", that is, the possibility of extending the institute of integrated development of territories to individual houses, in particular, those located in garden associations. The author considers the current norms of legislation, which allow at present to include individual residential buildings in the territory of integrated development, but prevent them from doing it en masse. The norms of the legislation on the withdrawal of land plots for state and municipal needs in connection with the implementation of the integrated development of territories are analyzed. It is concluded that when implementing this mechanism, two different private interests enter into competition, the position of one of which is supported by the authorities. Accordingly, the problem of observance of the rights of citizens whose houses fall within the boundaries of the integrated development territory lies, on the one hand, in the uncertainty of the concept of “public needs”, and on the other hand, in the lack of scientific validity and mandatory execution of territorial planning documents.

Рынок загородной недвижимости Санкт-Петербурга и Ленинградской области во время пандемии covid-19

In this article we analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the suburban real estate market of St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast in 2020-2021. During this period, an increase in demand for the rental and purchase of individual residential buildings was recorded in the suburban market. The territorial structure of demand has changed: while maintaining the leading positions behind the districts of the Leningrad Region closest to St. Petersburg, the popularity of remote locations has increased. The growing interest in the suburban real estate market has led to a reduction in supply. Buyers even chose houses in poor condition to demolish them and use the land for new construction. Increased demand and reduced supply stimulated the rise in prices in the suburban real estate market. The St. Petersburg region turned out to be one of the leaders in terms of price growth in the suburban real estate market, along with the Moscow region, the Krasnodar region and the Crimea. Prices increased most strongly in the suburban area of St. Petersburg. The lack of a suitable offer for buyers and the high cost of finished cottages pushed the population to build individual residential buildings. The growing interest in buying land was indirect evidence of the increasing popularity of individual housing construction.

The Impact of Meteorological Changes on Human Comfort in Residential Buildings

This research article investigates the effect of meteorological changes on the comfort of residents in Imo State, Nigeria, which is situated in a tropical monsoon climate. The study aims to assess the state of the indoor environment in residential buildings in Imo State, considering thermal changes caused by meteorological variations. A case study approach was adopted, focusing on a selected residential building in Umuasonye, Orji, Owerri North, Imo State. The study spanned a period of 10 years, from 2011 to 2021, and included physical observation, measurement, and qualitative analysis of the collected data. A case study approach was employed to overcome limitations in accessing a large sample size of individual residential buildings. The selected residential building in Umuasonye, Orji, Owerri North, Imo State served as a representative example for the study. Data collection involved physical observation, measurement, and qualitative analysis over a 10-year period, from 2011 to 2021. This approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the indoor environment and its relationship with meteorological changes. Findings reveal significant climate and weather changes in Imo State, leading to thermal variations in building spaces. The study assesses the impact on resident comfort and identifies adaptive strategies employed. During dry seasons, residents utilized cooling systems, ventilation, and reduced hot water usage. In wet seasons, measures such as closing windows, wearing thick clothing, and increased hotwater usage were observed. This research provides valuable insights into the impact of meteorological changes on resident comfort in Imo State, Nigeria. It highlights the importance of climate-responsive building design and systems, showcasing adaptive strategies employed by residents. The case study approach contributes to knowledge for architects, building industry stak eholders, and users interested in promoting climate-responsive buildings and systems

The Potential of Using Passive Cooling Roof Techniques to Improve Thermal Performance and Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Arid Regions

In hot dry regions, the building envelope receives abundant solar radiation, which contributes to heat stress and indoor thermal discomfort. To mitigate overheating inside spaces, cooling is the main basic requirement during most of the year. However, due to the harsh climatic conditions, buildings fail to provide passively the required comfort conditions. Consequently, they are fully dependent on-air conditioning systems, which are huge energy consumers. As roofs are exposed to the sun throughout the daytime, they are estimated to be the main source of heat stress. In return, they can contribute significantly to achieve optimum comfort and energy savings when efficient design strategies are used in an early design stage. To examine the potential for cooling load reduction and thermal comfort enhancement by using cooling roof techniques in residential buildings, a study was performed in the city of Biskra (southern Algeria). Accordingly, an in-field measurement campaign was carried out on test-cells during five days in summer. Three different cooling roof techniques were addressed: (a) cool reflective white paint (CR), (b) white ceramic tiles (CT) and (c) a cool-ventilated roof (C-VR). These roofing alternatives were investigated by monitoring both roof surface temperatures and indoor temperatures. Comparative analysis showed that a cool-ventilated roof is the most efficient solution, reducing the average indoor temperature by 4.95 °C. A dynamic simulation study was also performed based on TRNSYS software to determine the best roofing system alternatives in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption, considering the hottest month of the year. Simulation tests were run on a base-case model representing the common individual residential buildings in Biskra. Results showed that a double-skin roof combined with cool-reflective paint is the most efficient roofing solution. By comparison to a conventional flat roof, meaningful improvements have been achieved, including reducing thermal discomfort hours by 45.29% and lowering cooling loads from 1121.91 kWh to 741.09 kWh.

THE USE OF METHANOGENIC PLANTS BASED ON SOLID COMMUNAL WASTE IN LOW-RISE CONSTRUCTION

The authors consider the main aspects of local utilization of waste of low-rise buildings by methane fermentation with the subsequent production of secondary energy resources. Currently, the generation of methane in artificial conditions is an intensively developing industry. Previously, the authors studied the experience of the regions of Russia in the disposal of solid domestic waste. It is revealed that the processing of solid municipal waste in bioreactors can be carried out with the joint fermentation of various wastes. This is also possible by adding existing accelerators for the methane fermentation reaction. The quantitative characteristics of waste generated on the territory of individual residential low-rise buildings have been studied. From the total volume to be disposed of, waste potentially suitable for the formation of the initial substrate was isolated. The main properties of raw materials for the necessary generation of bio methane have been determined. The specific methane yield during its constant generation has been calculated for various combinations of municipal waste of low-rise buildings. The paper presents a general concept of local processing of municipal solid waste and describes the scheme of the methane generating plant. The dimensions and technical characteristics of the installation for obtaining bio methane from waste at the place of their formation in residential buildings have been determined. In addition, the calculation of thermal energy produced on the base on generated methane was carried out. And it was found that the introduction of methane-generating plants in the technical systems of low-rise buildings allows to increase their energy efficiency, reduce the load on existing landfills of solid domestic waste and achieve maximum utilization of waste from residential areas.

Three Strategies of Urban Renewal for One National Outline Plan TAMA38: The Impact of Multiparametric Decision-Making on Neighborhood Regeneration

The urban renewal of deteriorated areas is a challenge for many city decision-makers. In this study, we aimed to understand the role and impact of the Israeli national outline plan, TAMA38, on urban renewal areas by examining three urban renewal strategies. This plan was developed to strengthen individual buildings against earthquakes, but it also serves as a catalyst for the renewal of deteriorated individual residential buildings in old neighborhoods, particularly in high-demand districts. TAMA38 focuses on the renovation of individual buildings, primarily residential, but neglects the comprehensive vision of the public and private needs of the neighborhood/site complex, of which the individual building is only one component. To understand which planning strategy will achieve better spatial results under TAMA38, a broader examination is required. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of three urban sites developed under the TAMA38 program in the city of Haifa using three main strategies: (1) one comprehensive plan led by one developer with a change in building locations (2) one comprehensive plan but led by diverse developers, while building locations remain unchanged and (3) individual building renewals with no comprehensive plan. The methodology for this analysis was based on the evaluation of various quantitative and quality parameters that influence the performance of the built environment. The results of the research emphasize the need to choose an urban renewal strategy tailored to a specific location, as well as the need for the authority to take responsibility for planning open public spaces throughout the process.

The features of mathematical modeling of cadastral land evaluation in settlements

This article describes current problems in the cadastral valuation of land in settlements and provides suggestions for improving the methodology of cadastral valuation through mathematical modeling. In addition to high-rise buildings, the modern large cities also contain private sector (individual residential buildings), and it is proposed to conduct a cadastral valuation of such lands taking into account the indicator of the prestige of the territories. Considering the experience of foreign countries, the authors made the analysis of mathematical modeling for the cadastral valuation of individual residential buildings. The valuation criteria for such lands are explained in the paper by example of Krasnoyarsk. The concept of "prestige of the territory" and the dependence of real estate prices from territory prestige have been established in this work as well.