Individual Motivation Research Articles

Autistic preschoolers display reduced attention orientation for competition but intact facilitation from a parallel competitor: Eye-tracking and behavioral data.

Recent research suggests that we might have underestimated the social motivation of autistic individuals. Autistic children might be engaged in a social situation, even if they seem not to be attending to people in a typical way. Our study investigated how young autistic children behave in a "parallel" situation, which we call "parallel competition," where people participate in friendly contests side-by-side but without direct interaction. First, we used eye-tracking technology to observe how much autistic children pay attention to two video scenarios: one depicting parallel competition, and the other where individuals play directly with each other. The results showed that autistic children looked less toward the parallel competition video than their typically developing peers. However, when autistic children took part in parallel competitions themselves, playing physical and cognitive games against a teacher, their performance improved relative to playing individually just as much as their typically developing peers. This suggests that even though autistic children pay attention to social events differently, they can still benefit from the presence of others. These findings suggest complementing traditional cooperative activities by incorporating parallel activities into educational programs for young autistic children. By doing so, we can create more inclusive learning environments for these children.

The Relationship of Midwives' Knowledge About Hypnobreastfeeding and Lactation Massage with the Motivation of Providing Information by Midwives to Mothers for Breastfeeding

The breastfeeding support is crucial for nursing mothers, and one aspect of this support is the motivation provided by healthcare professionals in delivering maternity services to breastfeeding mothers, particularly regarding hypnobreastfeeding and lactation massage. An individual's motivation is significantly influenced by their knowledge of specific subjects. This quantitative research employed an analytical method, utilizing a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in the Maternal and Child Health Center of Padang City from September to October 2023. The research sample consisted of 40 midwives working in the Maternal and Child Health Center in Padang. The analysis used the chi-square test with a confidence interval of 95%. The research findings indicate that the majority of participants with insufficient knowledge about hypnobreastfeeding had low motivation (41.17%), compared to those with high motivation (8.70%). The statistical test result using the chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.035 (p≤0.05). Meanwhile, in terms of knowledge about lactation massage, the majority with insufficient knowledge had low motivation (23.53%), while those with high motivation had no insufficient knowledge (0%). The statistical test result using the chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.046 (p≤0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between knowledge about hypnobreastfeeding and lactation massage and the motivation of midwives to provide information

The expectations and experiences of patients regarding the diagnostic workup at a specialized memory clinic: An interview study.

Because of the shift towards earlier diagnosis of dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing numbers of individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are seen in memory clinics. Yet, evidence indicates that there is room for improvement when it comes to tailoring of the diagnostic work-up to the needs of individual patients. To optimize the quality of care, we explored patients' perspectives regarding the diagnostic work-up at a specialized memory clinic. This interview study was conducted at Karolinska University Hospital (Sweden). The comprehensive diagnostic work-up for dementia at the memory clinic in Solna is conducted within 1 week. A sample of 15 patients (8 female; mean age = 61 years [range 50-72]; 11 SCD, 1 MCIand 3 AD dementia) was purposively selected for a series of three semistructured interviews, focussing on (1) needs and expectations (during the week of diagnostic testing), (2) experiences (within 2 weeks after test-result disclosure)and (3) reflections and evaluation (3 months after disclosure). Transcribed audio-recorded data were analyzed using thematic content analysis (using MaxQDA software). Three key themes were identified: (1) the expectations and motivations of individuals for visiting the memory clinic strongly impacted their experience; (2) the diagnostic work-up impacted individuals psychosocially and (3) the diagnostic work-up provided an opportunity to motivate individuals to adopt a healthier lifestyle. Our findings underscore the importance of enquiring about the expectations and needs of individuals referred to a specialized memory clinic, allowing for expectation management and personalization of provided information/advice, and potentially informing the selection of patients in need of a comprehensive diagnostic work-up. Structural guidance might be needed to support those with SCD and MCI to help them cope with uncertainty, potentially resolve their issues, and/or stimulate brain health. We gathered the perspectives of 15 individuals who had been referred to the memory clinic at three different time points through semistructured interviews, and these interviews were the primary data source.

To what extent are guidelines used in spasticity clinics? A qualitative study of facilitators and barriers to spasticity guideline implementation

Objective To determine the common understanding of focal muscle spasticity guidelines amongst clinicians working in spasticity clinics. To examine the facilitators and barriers to their implementation as well as their influence on clinic processes. Design A qualitative study based on a phenomenological approach. Setting Online videoconferencing platform. Participants Sixteen experienced multi-disciplinary clinicians providing specialised care across 12 spasticity clinics in Victoria, Australia. Intervention Observational. Main measures Two independent reviewers performed line by line coding of transcripts. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken with themes/subthemes inductively derived. Results Seven key themes emerged. First, knowledge of specific guideline recommendations was low amongst some clinicians. Second, there is a lack of health service resources to support guideline implementation. Third, a limited evidence base for guidelines affected clinicians’ willingness to implement the recommendations. Fourth, peer support was highly valued but opportunities to collaborate were limited. Fifth, a large amount of intrinsic motivation and personal time was required from clinicians to successfully implement guideline recommendations. Sixth, the standardisation of clinic processes was one way in which clinicians felt they could better align their clinical practice to guidelines. Lastly, guidelines overall had a moderate influence on spasticity clinic processes. Conclusions Knowledge of recommendations varied but, overall, guidelines had an influence on clinic processes and staff perceptions across the state-wide services. Health service resources, limited evidence for guideline recommendations and time constraints were considered barriers to spasticity guideline implementation. Multi-disciplinary expertise and teamwork, the individual's motivation to change and inter-clinic collaboration were considered to be the facilitators.

Evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of an online professional development program for health professional educators: The case of Jimma University

The usage of virtual platforms for reforming teachers' continuous professional development (CPD) is becoming more and more necessary in contemporary higher education (HE) settings. For a comprehensive understanding of the implications of this strategy for CPD, research studies from various contexts are required. This study evaluated the effectiveness and implementation of a pilot online professional development (PD) package called the ‘higher diploma program (HDP)’ for health professional educators (HPEs) in the Ethiopian HE context. We used mixed methods in a Hybrid II design. Additionally, a comprehensive e-learning quality framework guided the overall research and integration of the qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative component includes a key-informant interview (KII) with facilitators, a program coordinator, and a single focus group discussion with HPEs. Additionally, the quantitative component includes a cross-sectional survey of the (HPEs’) responses to a self-report questionnaire. The findings show that this pilot project was feasible and well accepted by the HPEs, facilitators, and coordinators of the project. These participants also perceived several implementation challenges as weaknesses of the pilot project. Mitigating the prevailing challenges requires sustained and collaborative efforts by universities, the education and health sector, and other partner institutions. Our interpretations imply that customizing online PD in HE is, ultimately, a local phenomenon that results from individual motivation and interest, institutional capacity, and contextual factors like access to technology, the quality of online PD resources, and program management.

Aesthetic Value in Marketing Art Gallery: Conceptualization and Scale Development

This study aims to develop a measurement tool for a new concept in aesthetic marketing called Aesthetic Value. The paper provides a framework for understanding individual motivations in consuming art galleries, starting with exploring art theory, aesthetics, and experience as a source of aesthetic value. The research then defines the construct and its dimensions, which are used to create a measurement tool and develop a conceptual model. Data collected from survey is used to evaluate the overall aesthetic value model. Finally, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) determines the number of components that should be retained in the construct. The study concludes that Aesthetic Value has four dimensions: artwork, facilities-place, knowledge, and emotion. This conceptualization provides a robust foundation for understanding customer value in the context of consuming art galleries by considering various relevant elements of Aesthetic Value. The article also discusses the potential use of this concept in the future, allowing researchers to accelerate further theoretical development in this area.

THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN DECISION-MAKING TO START AND DEVELOP ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVES

There is a global increase in interest in entrepreneurship among individuals from diverse backgrounds. This phenomenon is fuelled by various factors, including economic, technological, and cultural changes. However, psychological factors also have a significant influence in shaping entrepreneurial intention and behaviour. This research aims to examine the impact of psychological factors in decision-making to start and develop entrepreneurial initiatives. The research method is a qualitative literature review that takes data from Google Scholar for the period 2006 to 2023. The study results show that the impact of psychological factors in decision-making to start and develop entrepreneurial initiatives is significant. Individual motivation, risk perception, tolerance for uncertainty, self-confidence, ability to manage stress, and social support are some of the key psychological factors that influence the entrepreneurial decision-making process. Understanding the complex interactions between these factors is key to developing a better understanding of entrepreneurial motivation and behaviour.

The role of youth in overcoming the digital divide between generational groups

One of the main resources of modern society is information and digital technologies for its processing. Access to information, digital products and services helps reduce barriers in an individual’s interaction with the state, organizations, and other individuals, and provides opportunities for personal development and active participation in solving social issues. At the same time, the uneven distribution of information infrastructure, differences in the skills of users when working with digital products, as well as varying degrees of motivation of individuals to work on the Internet form digital divide. Based on the key concepts of digital divide, in September 2022 - April 2023, the authors conducted a sociological study in which residents of the Sverdlovsk region took part. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that age is one of the key factors in the reproduction of digital divide, and therefore digital divide between generations of modern Russian society is relevant. The results of the study demonstrated the leading role of youth in bridging the digital divide between generational groups, since young Internet users have more developed digital skills, and representatives of the older generation are ready to acquire these skills when interacting with youth.

Motivational Factors in Adherence among Elderly with Diabetes and Hypertension

This qualitative study aims to explore the motivational factors in adherence among the elderly with diabetes and hypertension from the perspectives of patients and health professionals in China. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts unveiled eight master themes, including vicarious experiences, health beliefs, self-efficacy, feedback on health outcomes, the desire for improved health and longevity, understanding of diseases, perceived personal deterioration in health conditions, external regulation, and support. This study emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies that align with the motivations of older individuals facing the dual challenges of diabetes and hypertension in China.

Perceptions, Experiences, and Patterns of Cannabis Use in Individuals with Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the Context of Cannabis Legalization and Medical Cannabis Program in Canada - A Qualitative Study.

Perceptions of cannabis as a potential medical treatment for mood and anxiety disorders have been increasing in the context of legalizations, availability, and medical cannabis programs, though current evidence predominately indicates risks and negative effects of cannabis use (CU) on mental health outcomes. This study aims to understand motivations, perceptions, effects, and patterns of CU in individuals with mood and anxiety disorders. Thirty-six adult patients diagnosed with mood or anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder who were currently using cannabis completed an in-depth qualitative interview on individual motivations, perceptions, experiences, effects, and patterns of their CU. The thematic analysis focused on phases of CU and sources of cannabis products and information. Reported motivations for initiation of CU included curiosity, peer pressure, and dissatisfaction with conventional treatments. Factors such as psychotropic effects and coping with mental health symptoms and insomnia contributed to the continuation of CU. More negative effects, including cognitive dysfunction, worsening of mood, and anxiety symptoms, were acknowledged with ongoing CU. Concerning findings included common initiation of CU before age 18, combined medical and recreational CU, rare consultation of medical professionals on CU, and potential effects and harms. Findings indicate individual complexity of motivations, perceptions, and patterns of CU in the study population. The reported potential beneficial effects of specific cannabis products should be further investigated. Findings emphasize patient-provider dialogue on both CU and conventional treatments. Information from this study can contribute to and inform the development of education, prevention, and intervention strategies.

3 Months without the car in Bielefeld, Germany– a mixed-method study exploring individual motivation to participate in a municipal intervention

BackgroundClimate change is a major public health issue worldwide. To achieve climate targets and reduce morbidity, a paradigm shift in individual behavior e.g., in mobility, is needed. Municipal interventions can motivate individuals to engage in climate-friendly behavior through different psychological mechanisms. In order for successful interventions, it is necessary to gain better insight from study participants and their reasons for participating in mobility projects (e.g., motivational aspects).Materials and methodsA mixed-methods design was used to evaluate reasons and characteristics of people for participating in an municipal mobility intervention. The quantitative sub-study assesses socioeconomic characteristics, environmental awareness and perceived stress. The qualitative sub-study explores motivation for participation and change, perspectives on car replacement and reasons for car use.ResultsResults show that participants (n = 42) are rather high educated and show medium environmental awareness. Participants of the qualitative study part (n = 15) were motiviated to reduce car use already before the intervention and used the intervention as starting point or trial phase.ConclusionsUrban intervention projects with fitted recruitment strategies and better insights from study participants with the aim to motivate individuals to engage in climate-friendly behavior can help to strengthen sustainability and public health.

Learning from fights: Males' social dominance status impact reproductive success in Drosophila melanogaster.

In animals, the access to vital resources often relies on individuals' behavioural personality, strength, motivation, past experiences and dominance status. Dominant individuals would be more territorial, providing them with a better access to food resources and mate. The so-called winner and loser effects induce individuals' behavioural changes after experiencing a victory or a defeat, and lead to an individual persistent state influencing the outcome of subsequent fights. However, whether and how development of winner and loser effects affect individuals' fitness is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate how individuals' fitness can be influenced by previous fighting experience in Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we assess various behavioural performances as indicators for dominant and subordinate fitness. Our results show that subordinates are less territorial than dominants although their locomotor abilities are not affected. We also demonstrate that in a non-competitive context, experiencing a defeat reduces males' motivation to court females but not the reproductive success while in a competitive context, it negatively affects males' reproductive success. However, we found no impact upon either males' ability to distinguish potential mates nor on females' choice of a specific mating partner. Overall, these results indicate that previous defeats reduce reproductive success, a commonly used estimate of individual fitness.

Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kabupaten Bandung

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational climate and work motivation on the performance of high school teachers (SMA) in Bandung Regency, using quantitative descriptive research methods. The statistical test used is the path analysis test. The population in this study amounted to 358 high school teachers in Bandung Regency, the sampling technique in this study used Proportional Straified Random Sampling, as many as 79 teachers. The results showed that (1) Organizational Climate has a significant effect on the Performance of Senior High School Teachers (SMA) in Bandung Regency. Organizational climate individually has a significant influence on teacher performance, the contribution of organizational climate to the performance of high school teachers (SMA) in Bandung Regency is 68.8%. (2) Work motivation has a significant effect on the performance of high school teachers (SMA) in Bandung Regency. Individual work motivation has a significant effect on teacher performance, the contribution of work motivation to the performance of high school teachers (SMA) in Bandung Regency is 79.5% (3) Organizational Climate and Work Motivation have a significant effect on the Performance of Senior High School Teachers (SMA) in Bandung Regency. Organizational climate and work motivation simultaneously and individually have a significant influence on teacher performance, the contribution of work motivation to the performance of high school teachers (SMA) in Bandung regency is 86.5%.

Self‐determination theory and its implications for team motivation

AbstractDespite decades of research on teams, there are still gaps in our understanding of motivational dynamics within teams and the emergence of team‐level motivation. We advance a new team motivation model that invokes self‐determination theory (SDT), multilevel theory, emergence processes, and identity construction. Using the conceptualization of motivation offered by SDT, we define team motivation as a collective source of energy driving the direction, intensity, and persistence of team activities. By using SDT to develop the process‐based team motivation emergence model, we describe the role of human psychological needs that are involved in the emergence of this collective construct. An interpersonal feedback loop intertwined with a team process feedback loop predict how team members' individual motivations converge and then transform into team‐level motivation through a process of identity construction. Propositions for testing the model are advanced, as well as suggestions for methodological and analytical considerations.

Role of motivation and well-being indicators in interventions to improve well-being at work among primary care physicians: a systematic review

ObjectiveThe well-being of primary care physicians (PCPs) has become an object of concern for governments due to staff shortages and high staff turnover. The objective of this study was to...

Language Maintenance: The Case of Modern Standard Arabic Among Bilinguals

This study explores how Jordanians, especially bilinguals, can maintain the usage of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Despite the importance of this topic, it is a fairly unaddressed area of research in the Arabic context in general and Jordan in particular. The study contributes to knowledge by raising the awareness of Jordanians and authorities about the means necessary to maintain the usage of MSA among Jordanians. Data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 50 Jordanian linguists and thematically analysed. The results revealed that many factors could contribute to the maintenance of MSA, including education systems, governmental policies, society, the media, and international relations. Specific actions to maintain MSA might include designing language policies in favour of MSA across different sectors; obtaining official recognition and social support; encouraging the dedication and motivation of educationalists, language specialists, and individuals; and raising awareness of the value of MSA. The study concludes with pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.

Impact of multi-dimensional religiosity on party support in Poland

This article delves into the profound implications of multi-dimensional religiosity on political party support, with a special focus on the case of Poland (N = 1203). In a society undergoing a transformative journey towards secularism and progressiveness, the traditional role of religiosity in shaping political attitudes has been reevaluated. In order to check the impact of religiosity, binomial logistic regression models were conducted. In the study, combined Wave 7 World Value Survey and European Value Study database was used. With the obtained results, a significant role of normative religiosity was detected. The results do not confirm conclusions discussed by other leading authors in Poland, who use other models and indicators of religiosity. The proposed study provokes and encourages for change in the methodological approach in building party-support models in Poland by including and measuring the normative dimension of religiosity as the leading source of individual party support motivation, discarding thus more traditional ritualistic behaviour measuring.

Transformational Leadership Influence on Employee Performance: A Proposed Study Among Palestinian Central Municipalities Employees

This research investigates the impact of transformational leadership on employee performance within Palestinian municipalities. As a vital cog in the management wheel, transformational leaders inspire and motivate employees, encouraging innovation and promoting excellence. Using a quantitative research approach, this study collected data from administrative staff in ten central Palestinian municipalities, leveraging questionnaires and statistical analysis. Our findings reveal the significant positive impact of transformational leadership behaviours, including inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, and individual consideration, on employee performance. The research also underscores the role of goal setting, as emphasized by Fischer (2016), in driving individual commitment and motivation. Further, this study discusses how transformational leadership contributes to successful teamwork and fosters a culture of creativity and problem-solving. It presents a set of recommendations for implementing transformational leadership in Palestinian municipalities, including leadership training, employee empowerment, communication of a compelling vision, and fostering a culture of innovation, among others. By adhering to these strategies, Palestinian municipalities can enhance employee performance and improve public service provision.

Lifelong Sports through the Lens of Physical Literacy: Understanding Definitions, Benefits, and Challenges

The participation in lifelong sports often encounters obstacles such as lack of individual motivation, inadequate knowledge and skills, as well as unsupportive environment. This article aims to address these issues by discussing the concept of physical literacy as a tool to promote participation in lifelong sports. library research method was used to understand the definition and importance of physical literacy, motor skills development, and the influence of self-confidence, motivation, and competence on participation in physical activities. The results of the library research show that physical literacy is an essential element that encourages individuals to participate in lifelong sports. This includes the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to lead an active lifestyle. Understanding the long-term health benefits of physical activity can also be a strong driver for individuals to lead an active lifestyle. The conclusion is that effective educational strategies or interventions need to be developed and implemented to promote physical literacy and lifelong sports participation. Collaboration with the government and other health organizations is crucial to create an environment that supports everyone to participate in physical activities.

Research on the innovative path of precise communication of Chinese Martial Arts under the background of the "One Belt and One Road"

Research on the innovative path of precise communication of Chinese Martial Arts under the background of the "One Belt and One Road"