Indirect UV Research Articles

Lyophilized fecal short-chain fatty acid and electrolyte determination by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection for assessment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and electrolytes are major constituents of human feces involved in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis that underlie complex diet, host and microbiome interactions. Reliable quantification of SCFAs and electrolytes is challenging given the heterogeneity of stool specimens from pediatric patients with diarrhea-predominate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, we introduce two validated methods for determination of 3 SCFAs and 5 electrolytes consistently quantified from fecal extracts when using capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection (CE-iUV), where concentrations are normalized to total dried weight (mmol/kg d.w.). Lyophilization facilitates sample handling and extraction of heterogeneous stool specimens (∼ 15 mg) from a cohort of children with Crohn’s disease (CD, n = 12) and ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 10) treated with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) or corticosteroid (CS) therapy to induce remission, respectively. Good technical precision (mean CV = 13 %, n = 14) and accuracy (recovery from 84 to 116%) is demonstrated for SCFAs and electrolytes from freeze dried stool extracts using a modified Bligh-Dyer protocol with low micromolar detection limits (∼ 2–15 μM). Fecal butyrate is 2.6-fold higher in CD as compared to UC patients (effect size = 1.51; p = 0.00291), and there is a strong co-linearity between fecal butyrate and acetate (r = 0.835) unlike propionate, which is correlated with fecal calprotectin (r = 0.517), a protein biomarker of intestinal inflammation. Also, a longitudinal study of matching stool samples collected from a sub-set of IBD patients revealed about a 7-fold enrichment in magnesium and calcium following 4 weeks of EEN as compared to baseline (F > 4.1 ; p < 0.05) unlike the CS treatment arm with no changes in other fecal SCFAs and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, and ammonium. CE-iUV enables rapid fecal SCFA and electrolyte determination as required for new insights into the role of gut dysbiosis in IBD, as well as treatment monitoring of nutritional interventions that stabilize the disease course in affected children.

Lactate determination in human vitreous humour by capillary electrophoresis and time of death investigation.

Forensic inquests, particularly, in assessing time since death currently recognize the importance of the analysis of vitreous humour (VH) biomarkers. Present research, studies, and validates the determination of lactate (La) in VH by CZE with indirect UV detection. The BGE (pH 8.9) consisted of Tris buffer (37mM) containing 4-methoxybenzoic acid (4mM) and alkyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (1.2mM). Each VH specimen was diluted with a butyric acid solution (internal standard 0.057mM) and La and butyrate were separated within 3-5min (30kV). The La LOQ and LOD were 4 and 2mM, respectively. The calibration curve linearity ranged from 4 to 80mM; intra- and interruns precisions were less than 10% for standard as well as for VH specimen, respectively. To investigate postmortem interval (PMI) and VH lactate level correlation, human VH specimens were collected during autopsy (n = 40) and stored at -20°C until assay. La levels ranged from 16 to 42mM; PMI values ranged from 10 to 141 h. La (mM) and PMI (h) correlation was statistically significant (r2 = 0.527; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present CZE analysis is efficacious to determine VH La as a biomarker for PMI investigation.

Rapid method for the determination of citrate, phosphate and sulfite in seafood by capillary zone electrophoresis

Since seafood is susceptible to decomposition, additives may be used to maintain its quality. However, some additives may be improperly used to disguise spoilage, thus resulting in food fraud. Market growth demands faster and more reliable quality control tools that incorporate the most common additives in a single analysis. This study developed a rapid analytical method for the determination of citrate, phosphate and sulfite in seafood by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV–Vis detection. Electrophoretic separation was achieved in less than 3.5 min. The background electrolyte consisted of 20 mmol L−1 of benzenesulfonic acid and 45 mmol L−1 of aminocaproic acid. After validation, the method was applied for 24 seafood real samples. Citrate was found in five samples. Four samples presented higher phosphate and sulfite concentrations than those permitted by Brazilian legislation. Good analytical performance indicates that the method is a viable alternative for food control in routine analysis.

In Vitro MCF-7 Cells Apoptosis Analysis of Carboplatin Loaded Silk Fibroin Particles.

Breast cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy is commonly used directly or as neo-adjuvant therapy for the management of breast cancer with its attendant adverse effects, underscoring the need to develop biocompatible bioactive compounds for pharmacological applications. The aim of this study is to encapsulate carboplatin (CP) with silk fibroin protein (SF) by using an ionic gelation method as a drug carrier system and assess the apoptotic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells during in vitro studies. The characterization of silk fibroin encapsulated carboplatin (SFCP) microparticles was analyzed by FTIR spectrophotometer, SEM, Mastersizer, and biodegradation methods. The encapsulation efficiency and release profile of SFCP microparticles were analyzed by an indirect UV–Vis spectrophotometric method. An apoptotic screening of MCF-7 cells was carried out with 10–200 µg/mL CP loaded SFCP, which were cultured for 24, 48, and 72 h. Data were analyzed using the Student’s t test and analysis of variance. FTIR and drug release studies confirmed an interaction of silk fibroin with the carboplatin moiety. SFCP showed successful encapsulation of the carboplatin moiety. Apoptotic screening showed a dose dependent increase in absorbance, indicating significant cell death (p < 0.05). Thus, the direct apoptotic effect of SFCP microparticles on MCF-7 was confirmed.

Analysis of honey using capillary electrophoresis with electrokinetic injection – Direct analysis of viscous samples without sample pretreatment

Although the electrokinetic injection mode is applicable for direct introduction of ionic components from highly viscous samples, this is the first work which studies this special feature of capillary electrophoresis for this purpose. 9 metal cations were determined in honey utilizing direct injection, zone electrophoretic separation and indirect UV detection of the sample components. Reproducibility better than 4 RSD% was found for peak areas and the LOD values ranged between 0.045 and 0.44 mg/kg when injection parameters were set to 7.5 kV × 5 s. In order to remedy the quantitation problems arising from mobility and matrix bias, the applicability of the internal universal calibration was examined. It was found that in cases where the mobilities of cations do not differ from the mobilities of the monitoring ion and the internal universal standard (IUS) by more than 10%, the obtained results agreed well with the data measured with ICP-OES.

A Simple Approach to Analyze Sugar Nectar Composition in Flowers Using Capillary Electrophoresis and Enzymatic Assays

Despite the obvious importance of nectar, the composition of this solution remains surprisingly understudied to most of the flowers. Here we describe a simple, low-cost, and reliable methodology to analyze the three main sugars present in 210 nectar samples of Christmas Bellflowers using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and enzymatic assays. CE separation (-16 kV) was made using an electrolyte containing 36 mM NaOH pH 12, 15 mM sorbic acid, 0.5 mM hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and indirect UV detection. 72.9% of analyzed nectar samples were sucrose dominant; 13.3% sucrose rich only and 13.8% were fructose rich. The concentrations of fructose and glucose present in most of the samples were very similar, while the amount of sucrose varied considerably. The average amounts of fructose, glucose, sucrose and total sugar were 0.22, 0.21, 0.34 and 0.8 M, respectively. The nectar sample shows a pH average of 5. α-Glucosidase activity was observed in 65% of the samples with an average activity of 0.013 µU µL-1 providing a possible explanation for the similar concentrations of fructose and glucose in the samples. Under our knowledge, this is the first article that shows the analysis of sugars in nectar flowers using CE.

Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Estimation of Calcium Acetate in Calcium Acetate Capsules by RP-HPLC using Indirect UV Method

Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Estimation of Calcium Acetate in Calcium Acetate Capsules by RP-HPLC using Indirect UV Method

Detection of 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride in Polyvinylpyrrolidone by Capillary Electrophoresis with Field-Amplified Sample Injection

A sensitive method was developed for detecting 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride in polyvinylpyrrolidone by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. The detection sensitivity was improved significantly using the field-amplified sample injection technique. The background electrolyte was composed of 25 mM imidazole-HCl solution (pH 4.0), in which imidazole acted as the cation probe for the indirect detection at UV 214 nm. Effects of the experimental parameters including pH, the concentration of imidazole as well as the sample injection time on sample preconcentration were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, baseline separation of 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) ion with other ions in the polyvinylpyrrolidone samples was achieved within 8 min. The RSD% for the repeatability of the migration time and the peak area were determined as 0.95% and 3.47%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ, S/N = 10) were determined as 1.11 × 10−5 M and 2.77 × 10−5 M, respectively. The measured recovery at three concentration levels was in the range of 101–104%. This method was successfully applied to detect 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) in the commercial polyvinylpyrrolidone samples.

Separation, Analysis and Validation of Metal Ions in Aqueous Samples Using Capillary Electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed as one of the powerful separation techniques for the analysis of inorganic and organic ions in complex matrices in the recent past. In aqueous samples, most of the inorganic ions are having weak absorption profiles in the UV-Vis region of the spectrum. These low absorption profile ionic species are commonly detected by indirect UV absorbance with the addition of an absorbing co-ion (chromophore) into the electrolyte. The inorganic cations oftenly require an additional complexing agent to selectively alter their similar mobilities and proper separation. The indirect detection at 214 nm was performed with α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (α-HIBA)-4-aminopyridine background electrolyte (BGE) that has a characteristic absorbance at 214 nm. The BGE was applied for the separation, analysis, and validation of metal ions in water samples. The metal ions such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ were separated successfully in this study. Also, the effect of electrolyte pH, applied voltage and injection time for the separation of cations was investigated.

Characterization of hydrosoluble fraction and oligomers in poly(vinylidene chloride) latexes by capillary electrophoresis using electrophoretic mobility modeling

The characterization of hydrosoluble oligomers in latexes is an important topic in emulsion polymerization since oligomers are suspected to be responsible for latex destabilization. In this work, the hydrosoluble fraction of poly(vinylidene chloride) latexes synthesized by emulsion polymerization of three monomers (acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, vinylidene chloride) was characterized by capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE using direct UV detection permitted to estimate residual monomers and surfactants concentrations contained in the latexes serums. Water soluble oligomers, polymerization initiator (persulfate) and other inorganic anions were detected by indirect UV detection. The oligomers content in the dry extract of serum was estimated to be about 6% (% m/m) represented mainly by 9 different compounds belonging to 3 different families. Using a semi-empirical electrophoretic mobility modeling, the charge number of these oligomers was estimated to be −2 and the molar masses were estimated in the range of ∼300–550 g.mol−1. Oligomer samples obtained by surfactant-free polymerization, with different initial monomers proportions, provided qualitatively 14 different oligomers, including the 9 oligomers previously detected in the serums. Finally, the latex was characterized (electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential) using its serum as a background electrolyte. This approach could be very useful to study the behavior of the latexes, and possibly destabilization effect, in analytical conditions very close to its real environment / applications.

Characterization of the Human Skeletal Muscle Metabolome for Elucidating the Mechanisms of Bicarbonate Ingestion on Strenuous Interval Exercise.

Bicarbonate has long been touted as a putative ergogenic aid that improves exercise performance and blood buffering capacity during strenuous exercise. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of bicarbonate intake on skeletal muscle metabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we apply two orthogonal analytical platforms for nontargeted profiling of metabolites and targeted analysis of electrolytes from mass-limited muscle tissue biopsies (∼2 mg dried mass) when multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS) and CE with indirect UV detection are used, respectively. Seven untrained men performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise trial following either bicarbonate (0.40 g/kg) or placebo ingestion in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study design, where paired skeletal muscle tissue and plasma specimens were collected at three time intervals at rest, postexercise, and recovery. Optimization of a quantitative microextraction procedure was first developed for lyophilized tissue prior to characterization of the human muscle metabolome, which resulted in the identification and quantification of more than 80 polar/ionic metabolites reliably (CV < 30%) detected in a majority (>75%) of samples with quality control. Complementary univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to identify biomarkers associated with strenuous exercise and/or bicarbonate treatment responses, whereas structural elucidation of biologically significant intramuscular metabolites was performed using high-resolution MS/MS. Importantly, bicarbonate ingestion prior to strenuous interval exercise was found to elicit a modest treatment effect ( p < 0.05) in comparison to placebo on metabolic pathways associated with ionic homeostasis (potassium), purine degradation (uric acid), and oxidative stress as regulated by glutathione metabolism (oxidized mixed glutathione disulfide) and histidine-containing dipeptides (anserine) within muscle tissue that was distinctive from dynamic metabolic changes measured in circulation. This work provides deeper biochemical insights into the effect of acute alkalosis in preserving contracting muscle function during high-intensity exercise, which is also applicable to the study of muscle-related pathologies relevant to human health and aging.

RP-HPLC method with indirect UV detection for determination of sodium ibandronate in pharmaceuticals

Ibandronate sodium (IBN) [(1-hydroxy-3- (methyl pentyl amino) propylidene bisphosphonic acid monosodium monohydrate)] is the sodium salt of ibandronic acid, a synthetic nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate drug. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and accurate RP-HPLC method with indirect UV detection for determination of IBN in pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Bridge C18 reversed-phase column (250 x 4.6 mm I.D.; particle size 5 µm), in an isocratic mode with a mobile phase constituted of 90% buffer: 10% acetonitrile (V/V). The buffer was made using 1.5 mL ortho-phosphoric acid, 990 mg 1-Hexanesulfonic acid sodium salt 98%, 140 mg EDTA in 1000 mL flask diluted with HPLC grade water. The elution was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL minˉ1. A diode array detector measured the UV absorbance at 198 nm, in inverse mode. The method was validated for specificity/selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision and robustness according to ICH validation guidelines. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated at 0.0163 µg/mL and 0.0495 µg/mL, respectively. The method was effectively used for determination of IBN from commercial tablets and provided good results without any interference from commonly used excipients. Keywords: RP-HPLC with indirect UV detection, Ibandronate sodium, validation, pharmaceuticals

Development of a Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatographic Method with Indirect UV Detection for Pregabalin Determination in Serum Samples

Background: A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC)/ indirect UV detection method with hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection has been developed for the determination of pregabalin in the serum samples. Methods: Separation of the drug was achieved on Agilent capillary electrophorese in less than 5 min using a 50 cm × 75 μm i.d. uncoated fused-silica capillary and a background electrolyte (BGE) consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, 10 mmol L-1), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 1 mmol L-1) and tri-sodium citrate (4% w/v). The influence of various parameters on the separation such as separation voltage, injection time, cassette temperature, pH of BGE and organic modifier was investigated. Results: Method validation shown good linearity (R2&gt; 0.999) in the range of 1.5-100 µg mL-1 of pregabalin. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 μg mL-1 and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 2.6 μg mL-1 were reported for pregabalin. Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be suitable and accurate for the determination of pregabalin in serum samples.

Photochemical degradation of nitrated PAHs in snow

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are derived from PAHs, which are ubiquitous in the aqueous and atmospheric environments, and whose mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are much higher than that of PAHs. Therefore, their environmental transformation has attracted a lot of attention. In the present study, direct and indirect UV photodegradation kinetics of two NPAHs (1-nitropyrene and 1,8-dinitropyrene) in snow were investigated. It was found that the kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with the photochemical degradation rate 0.3773 h−1 for 48.98 nM 1-NP and 0.3653 h−1 for 41.00 nM 1,8-DNP. Photosensitizers (hydrogen peroxide and nitrate) promoted the photodegradation of NPAHs. Considering the lower temperature and less microorganisms in snow environment, the photodegradation can be a key factor in determining the fate of NPAHs in sunlit surface snow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the photodegradation of NPAHs in snow.

A new method for the determination of ammonium in the vitreous humour based on capillary electrophoresis and its preliminary application in thanatochemistry

Background Although the post-mortem increase of ammonium in biological fluids is well known, ammonium analysis in vitreous humour has never been used in recent times for the determination of the post-mortem interval. The present work represents a new application of capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection in the field of forensic analysis. Methods The electrophoretic separation was carried out in a running buffer made of 5 mM imidazole, 5 mM 18-crown-6 ether and 6 mM d,l-α-hydroxybutyric acid (HIBA). To overcome the lack of optical absorption of ammonium, indirect UV detection was applied. The used wavelength was 214 nm. Results The method showed good linearity in the concentration range from 0.16 to 5.0 mM. The limit of detection, 0.039 mmol/L, was established on the basis of the linearity curve. Precision and bias studies carried out on the pure ammonium solutions and in real biological samples, revealed %RSDs well below 20%. A preliminary application to real cases where the death time was precisely known (14 bodies) was carried out plotting vitreous humour ammonium vs. post-mortem interval with a resulting good linear correlation until 100 h post-mortem. Conclusions After validation in real cases, the present method can become a powerful tool to unravel one of the most challenging issues of forensic investigation: determination of the time of death.

Miniaturized capillary ion chromatograph with UV light-emitting diode based indirect absorbance detection for anion analysis in potable and environmental waters.

A miniaturized, flexible, and low-cost capillary ion chromatography system has been developed for anion analysis in water. The ion chromatography has an open platform, modular design, and allows for ease of modification. The assembled platform weighs ca. 0.6kg and is 25×25cm in size. Isocratic separation of common anions (F- , Cl- , NO2- , Br- , and NO3- ) could be achieved in under 15min using sodium benzoate eluent at a flow rate of 3 μL/min, a packed capillary column (0.150×150mm) containing Waters IC-Pak 10μm anion exchange resin, and light-emitting diode based indirect UV detection. Several low UV light-emitting diodes were assessed in terms of sensitivity, including a new 235nm light-emitting diode, however, the highest sensitivity was demonstrated using a 255nm light-emitting diode. Linear calibration ranges applicable to typical natural water analysis were obtained. For retention time and peak area repeatability, relative standard deviation values ranged from 0.60-0.95 and 1.95-3.53%, respectively. Several water samples were analysed and accuracy (recovery) was demonstrated through analysis of a prepared mixed anion standard. Relative errors of -0.36, -1.25, -0.80, and -0.76% were obtained for fluoride, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate, respectively.

Determination of various inorganic anions and organic acids in the atmospheric particulate matter using capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection

ABSTRACTCapillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of inorganic anions and organic acids using a mixed solution of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide as the background electrolyte (BGE). The parameters which influence the separation, such as indirect UV detection wavelength, BGE conditions, applied voltage and extraction conditions were investigated. Thirteen inorganic anions and organic acids were detected within 20 min. The calibration curves of each analyte were linear with correlation coefficients greater than 0.991. The relative standard deviations (n = 10) of the peak areas ranged from 0.6% to 3.3%. The detection limits for these species ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 mg/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The recovery rate of each analyte was more than 80% under optimised extraction conditions, except for nitrite. The proposed method was applied towards the analysis of inorganic anions and organic acids in the atmospheric particulate matter using an Andersen sampler. The particle size of the particulate matter was determined, but not the size of the anions.

Analysis of Morpholinium Ionic Liquid Cations by Hydrophilic Interaction Columns Coupled with Indirect UV Detection

A method was developed for the separation and detection of morpholinium ionic liquid cations by hydrophilic interaction column combined with indirect ultraviolet detection using imidazolium ionic liquids as ultraviolet absorbents in high‐performance liquid chromatography. The effects of the ultraviolet absorbents, organic solvents, and the pH value of the aqueous solution in the mobile phase for the determination of morpholinium cations were investigated by using a hydrophilic column with carbamoyl group as the analytical column. The retention and detection behavior of morpholinium cations was discussed. The suitable chromatographic conditions were 0.8 mmol/L 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate aqueous solution (pH 3.5 adjusted with acetic acid)/acetonitrile (45/55, v/v) as the mobile phase and a detection wavelength of 210 nm. Under these conditions, the baseline separation of N‐methyl‐N‐ethyl‐morpholinium cation ([MEMo]+) and N‐methyl‐N‐propyl‐morpholinium cation ([MPMo]+) was successfully achieved in 15 min. The detection limits of [MEMo]+ and [MPMo]+ were 0.595 and 0.531 mg/L, respectively. Relative standard deviations were less than 0.2%. This method has been successfully applied to the analysis of morpholinium ionic liquid samples synthesized in chemical laboratories, which is simple, reliable, and practical.

Capillary zone electrophoresis determination of fluoride in seawater using transient isotachophoresis.

We developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect UV detection for the determination of fluoride (F-) in seawater using transient isotachophoresis (tITP) as an on-line concentration procedure. A method of correcting sample salinity effects was also proposed so that F- concentrations were obtained using a calibration graph. The proposed method is simple: it requires no sample pretreatment aside from dilution. The following optimum conditions were established: background electrolyte (BGE), 5mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) adjusted to pH 3.5 containing 0.03% m/v hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC); detection wavelength, 200nm; vacuum (50kPa) injection period of sample, 5s (254nL); and applied voltage, 23kV with the sample inlet side as the cathode. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) for F- reached 0.024 and 0.070mg/L, respectively. The respective values of the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the peak area, peak height, and migration time for F- were 2.5, 3.4, and 0.30%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of F- in seawater samples collected from coastal waters of western Japan during August 26-28, 2014. Both results obtained using standard addition method and a calibration graph agreed with those obtained using a conventional spectrophotometric method.

Large-volume sample stacking for the analysis of low molecular mass amines in steam water by CE using novel highly absorbing probe for indirect UV detection

A rapid, simple, sensitive and ultrafast capillary electrophoretic method – large-volume sample stacking (LVSS) without a polarity switching step has been developed in this study for determining ammonia and 9 amines, including ethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, hydrazine, morpholine, triethanolamine, and dimethylamine in steam water and their degradation products, such as methylamine, ethylamine, diethanolamine, and ammonia. The background electrolyte (BGE) containing acridine as a probe was firstly used for indirect UV detection. Acridine was shown to be very beneficial for the determination of low molecular mass amines due to its high electrophoretic mobility and at the same time high molar absorption coefficient (ε252) of 1.7∗105. No laborious sample preparation was needed. Separation and detection was achieved in about 8.5min for BGE containing acridine per sample. Limits of detection (LOD) using acridine were as low as 0.003mg/L. The calibration plots showed good linearity over the concentration range from 0.01 to 1mg/L for ammonia and the amines of interest for nuclear and thermal power plants. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ethanolamine and cyclohexylamine in steam water samples obtained from thermal power plant and the analytical results were in good agreement with those obtained by reference ion chromatography (IC) method.