Arctic freshwater biodiversity is rapidly changing due to climate warming, resource extraction, infrastructure development, and landscape transformation. To improve understanding, predict future responses, and inform policy formulation,research needs must be clearly identified. Using a horizon scan survey, Arctic freshwater experts from government, international agencies, and Indigenous Peoples identified 77 biodiversity researchquestions with 17 highlightedas most important for near termassessment. These questions spannine thematic categories: biodiversity and taxonomic challenges, hydrological change, productivity and food webs, ecosystem connectivity, methods, monitoring and assessment, permafrost change, winter ecology, anthropogenic development, and Indigenous Knowledge. Climate change emerged as the major driver among all categories and research questions. A key priority identified was the urgent need for long-term, harmonized monitoring programs among Arctic countries. Multiple knowledge gaps detected suggest that circumpolar research collaborations are required to tackle these issues.

A critical insight of African ethnoveterinary research: A multi-database bibliometric review on trends and patterns from 2001 to 2024.

Federated open intent classification via granular-ball knowledge representation.

Bridging traditional knowledge and modern discovery: The role of zebrafish in anti-aging research of medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicine.

• Green technologies offer a window of opportunity for Latin American countries. • Entry into new technologies is positively associated with both local and global interactions, but only within green domains. • Policies should support global and local knowledge collaboration for developing technologies in green domains. This paper investigates whether the green transition represents a “green window of opportunity” for Latin American countries by examining how local and global knowledge networks shape technological specialisation in the region. We analyse the role of knowledge linkages—both local and global—and their technological nature (green versus non-green) in driving the emergence of new patent specialisations. Using United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) data for 16 Latin American countries between 2000 and 2019, we estimate an entry model that relates the probability of developing new technological specialisations to network cohesion (local collaboration) and connectivity (global collaboration). Our results show that the green transition constitutes a window of opportunity: both local and global network interactions positively and significantly influence entry into new technologies, but only for green technological domains. Furthermore, our results highlight how global collaborations are more influential than local ones.

Ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) remains central to livestock health management in Afar region of Ethiopia. However, this Indigenous knowledge is increasingly threatened by environmental degradation and socio-cultural transformation. This study aimed to document medicinal plants used by pastoralists in the Megale district, Afar region, Ethiopia. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field observations involving 13 key informants. Medicinal plant specimens were collected and identified, and their nomenclature was verified using Plants of the World Online following the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification system. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and quantitative ethnobotanical indices, including informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL) and relative importance (RI). Twenty-seven medicinal plant species belonging to 14 families were documented. Euphorbiaceae (35.71%) and Fabaceae (28.57%) were the most represented families. Leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part (54.55%), and crushing was the predominant preparation method (61.77%). Dermal and oral routes accounted for over 70% of administrations. Wound management involved the highest number of plant species (20%), whereas musculoskeletal disorders showed the highest informant consensus (ICF=0.67). Balanites rotundifolia (RI=0.88) and Calotropis procera (RI=0.78) were the most culturally important species. Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants remain integral to livestock healthcare in Megale district. High cultural consensus highlights key species priorities for conservation and future pharmacological investigation. The concentration of knowledge among elderly informants underscores the urgency of documentation, conservation and integration into community-based veterinary services.

Investigating traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and the use of medicinal plants in rural communities in Assam's Bajali district: An examination of native medical practices and cultural legacy.

Individual-level interventions emphasizing diet, clinical management, and structured exercise have been the typical approach to addressing metabolic health. Growing evidence suggests that broader environmental factors that shape metabolic risk have been overlooked. In this opinion paper, metabolic health is reframed within the context of climate change, urbanization, physical activity, and local knowledge, highlighting them as interconnected determinants of metabolic wellbeing. Physical activity and metabolic processes are greatly influenced by neighbourhood urban design, transport infrastructure, and climate effects such as extreme heat. Evidence shows that greener neighbourhoods that support walking, cycling, and public transport are associated with more favourable cardiometabolic outcomes. Critical to the integration of such approaches for embedding physical activity into everyday life are insights from Indigenous and local communities that take a relational, place-based approach to movement and wellbeing. Addressing modern metabolic health may require a paradigm shift from an individual to a systems-level approach. It is proposed that, to achieve this, physical activity, climate resilience, urban design, and Indigenous/local knowledge should be considered together to create more equitable, sustainable, and metabolically supportive environments. This framing, therefore, has important implications for research, clinical practice, policy, and next steps.

With the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the field of education, the ability of the traditional Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework to explain teacher competencies in the AI era has come under study. In this conceptual study, a new model aimed at explaining teacher competencies in the AI era has been proposed. The proposed Extended GenAI-TPACK framework draws its fundamental theoretical foundation from Demir’s model, which positions technology and theoretical framework as two inseparable facets in technology integration programs; it adapts this model to the AI era by transforming it into a tripartite core (Technology + Theoretical Framework + AI Agency). The proposed framework includes five new knowledge domains surrounding this tripartite core (Critical Evaluation, Prompt Engineering, Human-AI Role Sharing, Ethics and Social Judgment, Student-AI Interaction Management) and a Phronesis axis that anchors the entire system within the classroom context. Additionally, Hughes’ three-level technology integration model has been reframed through the Co-Agency axis to create a six-cell application matrix. The framework was developed to address the structural limitations of classical TPACK in the GenAI context and offers educational technology literature a conceptual tool that is both theoretical and operationally applicable.

The future is new: Historical versus contemporary medicinal plant knowledge in Jamaica.

This study examines the socio-economic impacts of slum resettlement through the case of Lebrahma’s relocation to Al Marouwa in Casablanca, Morocco. While formalization efforts under the Villes Sans Bidonvilles program aimed to improve housing and urban order, they overlooked the informal economic systems and social networks that sustained residents’ livelihoods. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, the research reveals how the transition from flexible, community-based informal economies to rigid formal planning structures disrupted home-based businesses, severed support networks, and eliminated informal job opportunities. Informed by the work of Weber, Roy, Ben Haman, and de Soto, the paper critiques top-down planning models that ignore local knowledge and survival strategies. It does not romanticize informality, but recognizes its critical role as a strategic mechanism for navigating precarity. The study argues that when resettlement policies fail to engage with informal realities, they risk producing not only greater vulnerability and social marginalization, but also deepening impoverishment. The findings call for urban planning models that integrate, rather than erase, the adaptive strategies of informal communities. • Resettlement disrupts informal economies, undermining household livelihoods. • Formal land-use regulation and spatial design reshape economic opportunities and social networks. • Informal activities function as adaptive survival strategies, not merely planning failures. • Flexible housing and designated spaces for small businesses can support displaced communities. • Integrating local practices into planning mitigates vulnerability and strengthens resilience.

This article examines how French general practitioners (GPs) navigate suicide-related referrals within a healthcare system strained by austerity. Drawing on repeated interviews with 29 GPs and a mind-mapping methodology, it shows that referral practices are shaped less by formal clinical pathways than by local resource configurations and the workarounds practitioners develop in response to them. The analysis highlights three interrelated dynamics. First, GPs rely on a sense of technical mastery-an embodied, experience-based judgement of what they can manage-which is continually stretched as they assume responsibilities once assigned to specialists. Second, they operate with expectations inherited from a previously better-resourced institutional network, generating tensions between normative ideals of care and limited referral possibilities. Third, in this context, local social capital becomes an essential resource: Personal relationships, informal networks and accumulated local knowledge decisively structure how practitioners deal with patients deemed suicidal. Situating these dynamics within the concept of suicidescape, this article advances a locally anchored sociology of suicide prevention.

Agricultural land transition in rapidly urbanizing coastal regions poses significant challenges for sustainable land use planning and long-term food security. This study examines the driving forces behind agricultural land conversion in Cilegon City, Banten Province, Indonesia as one of Southeast Asia's most industrialized coastal cities by integrating Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with structured local knowledge elicitation. Land cover classification was performed using Random Forest machine learning applied to multi-temporal Landsat imagery (2011 and 2023), revealing substantial encroachment of non-agricultural land uses. Through pairwise comparison interviews with six domain experts, AHP weighting assigned the highest influence to rainfall (18%), soil quality (15%), and road accessibility (14%) as transition drivers. The resulting transitional suitability map, validated against observed land cover change, achieved an overall accuracy of 88.70% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.86, demonstrating the model's strong predictive capacity. The findings underscore that environmental, infrastructural, and socio-economic factors collectively govern land conversion dynamics. This study contributes a replicable, participatory spatial framework that bridges objective geospatial data with community-embedded knowledge, supporting more inclusive, evidence-based urban planning and agricultural land management in fast-growing coastal cities. Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, coastal city, land use change, local knowledge, remote sensing.

Termites play important ecological roles in soil formation and nutrient cycling, but they also cause significant damage to crops and rural infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite their economic importance, information on farmers' perceptions, indigenous knowledge, and local termite management practices remains limited in many termite-prone areas of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed farmers' perceptions of termite infestation, its impacts, and indigenous management practices in Dodota district, Southeast Ethiopia. A household questionnaire survey was conducted using 120 randomly selected households determined through Cochran's sampling formula at a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Field data were collected from April to May 2025 through household interviews and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software. The study assessed farmers' knowledge of termite biology, perceptions of termite impacts, crop susceptibility, indigenous control practices, and the ecological importance of termites in the agricultural landscape. Most respondents were male (88.3%), married (95.8%), and within the middle-aged category of 34-60 years (65.8%). All farmers were aware of termites, and 91.7% correctly associated mound construction with termite activity. Farmers used three major criteria to identify different termite castes: body size (66.7%), body structure (16.7%), and feeding tunnels (10.0%). The major negative impacts reported by farmers included land consumption due to mound formation (43.3%), crop destruction (36.7%), and damage to homes (13.3%). Farmers also recognized several beneficial effects of termites, including improvement of soil porosity (22.5%), soil moisture retention (15.8%), and soil fertility (5.8%). Indigenous termite control practices included application of wood ash (6.7%), smoking termite mounds (13.3%), addition of organic matter (16.7%), destruction of mounds and removal of queens (6.7%), and promotion of natural predators (9.2%). Farmers possessed substantial indigenous knowledge of termite occurrence, impacts, and management practices. Integrating this knowledge with scientifically validated and environmentally sustainable approaches could improve termite management in smallholder farming systems. Future research should focus on evaluating indigenous practices and developing locally adaptable integrated termite management strategies.

The present study deals with the traditional knowledge and conservation status of wild plant species in the tribal Orakzai district, an ecologically transitional zone between subtropical and temperate, which is still largely underexplored in quantitative and conservation ethnobotany. Semi-structured questionnaires and participatory observations were employed to interview local participants and plant specimens were collected in the study area. In total, 123 species belonging to 60 families and 112 genera were reported with multiple tribal applications. Trends in tribal practices and cultural outcomes of the reported taxa were assessed using quantitative indices including cultural importance index (CI), use diversity index (UDI), direct matrix ranking (DMR), informant consensus factor (ICF), and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Traditionally important medicinal plants, including Daphne papyracea, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Salix babylonica, Berberis lycium, Hedera helix, and Pyrola chlorantha were identified in the surveys. Herbaceous species are the most common. Leaves, twigs and rhizomes were the main parts of the plants. The vulnerability status was determined by using a cross-referencing protocol based on a combination of community perceptions, field observations, IUCN categories and Kew's predicted extinction risks. With this integrated protocol, 37% of species were classified as highly vulnerable, 19% as moderately threatened and 43% as least vulnerable. The study concludes that there is a dire need for plant conservation and preservation of tribal ecological knowledge.

Urban sacred forests are culturally embedded green spaces that contribute to urban sustainability, yet their roles remain insufficiently integrated into urban planning and green infrastructure frameworks. This study examines urban sacred forests as socio-cultural infrastructure by analyzing visitor recognition of ecosystem services, patterns of engagement, and interest in local knowledge in Kanazawa, Japan. A visitor-based survey was conducted across six shrine and temple forests between June and July 2023, yielding 342 valid responses. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and correlation analyses were applied to examine relationships among visit frequency, ecosystem service recognition, community participation, and learning interest. The results indicate that visitors predominantly recognize cultural and experiential ecosystem services, particularly scenic beauty, spiritual connection, stress reduction, and connection to nature, whereas regulating and socio-economic services are less salient. Visit frequency is positively associated with community participation, with frequent visitors more likely to report involvement in site-related activities. These findings highlight the multifunctional role of urban sacred forests as spaces that support well-being, social capital, and cultural continuity. By functioning as socio-cultural infrastructure, sacred forests complement conventional urban green spaces with culturally grounded, relational benefits that are not readily captured by standard planning approaches. Integrating urban sacred forests into green infrastructure and cultural heritage policies, alongside participatory and intergenerational governance strategies, can strengthen their contribution to resilient, inclusive, and culturally rich cities.

Co-producing Knowledge on Ecosystem Services: A Multidimensional Participatory Mapping Study in the Kat River Catchment, South Africa.

Medical image classification in federated healthcare environments is challenged by the difficulty of learning robust and generalized representations from heterogeneous, non-IID data distributed across multiple institutions. Conventional federated learning approaches primarily rely on visual features and often fail to capture structural relationships among medical images, leading to reduced classification performance and limited generalization across diverse clinical settings. This study proposes GraphMedFL, a federated learning framework that integrates knowledge graphs and Node2Vec-based structural embeddings to enhance classification performance in multi-source environments. Local knowledge graphs are constructed from image features to capture inter-sample relationships, and Node2Vec embeddings are fused with feature representations to enrich local model training. A similarity-aware adaptive aggregation strategy is introduced to address non-IID data distributions across clients. Experiments conducted on three breast cancer imaging datasets (BreakHis, CBIS-DDSM, and INbreast) demonstrate that GraphMedFL achieves superior performance compared to locally trained models, with an accuracy of 98.3% and strong precision-recall balance. The proposed GraphMedFL achieves an accuracy of 98.3% and consistently outperforms baseline federated learning and local training approaches across BreakHis, CBIS-DDSM, and INbreast datasets. It improves precision, recall, and F1-score by a measurable margin compared to conventional methods, demonstrating enhanced robustness and generalization in heterogeneous medical imaging environments.

ABSTRACT This article draws upon indigenous praxis to teach emplaced indigenous knowledges to non-indigenous students in a study abroad fieldwork course. We argue that employing Indigenous methodologies can help students engage in contemporary indigenous worlds, frame indigenous knowledges as generative and creative way of knowing the world and connect students more deeply to their study abroad sites. The course taught took students from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US to Ecuador over two summers. We reflect on the complex and conflicting obligations involved in this pedagogical adoption of these indigenous methodologies. This second study abroad employed three key Indigenous methodologies for knowledge production. Students were encouraged to develop a “shared body” by tasting and touching the forest. This cultivated “yacharishka” (familiarity) with the forest and its beings. Finally, we envision this practice as potentially working toward iyarina, a practice of remembering a place to envision its future and one’s role in care for the place. During the second year, students were more engaged and aware of power dynamics and demonstrated greater familiarity with the Amazon and Quichua thinking. It is important to note that not all Indigenous praxis increased student engagement and learning.

Site fidelity is the tendency for animals to repeatedly return to the same locations, either within or between years. Site fidelity enables animals to utilize knowledge of previously visited locations, including assessments of seasonal variations in health and mortality risks (e.g., predation), resource availability, and social benefits such as pairing with previous mates. However, rigidly enacted site fidelity may come with fitness costs in times of rapid habitat change. One group believed to exhibit site fidelity is migratory shorebirds (families Charadriidae and Scolopacidae). Shorebirds that migrate annually via the East Asian-Australasian Flyway have experienced rapid population declines due to habitat loss in Asia. Although high site fidelity may influence these declines under a global change scenario, only limited, species-specific analyses of site fidelity have been previously conducted. Our study used an extensive dataset of 636,167 records of over 84,000 banded individual shorebirds from 1976 to 2025 to present an overview of site fidelity for 12 migratory shorebird species during their nonbreeding season in Australia. We found overall site fidelity of >95% across 10 out of 12 species, with the only exceptions being red knot (Calidris canutus) and sanderling (Calidris alba), with movements often limited to sections of coastline less than 20km long. Juvenile and immature birds were usually less site faithful than adults. The high site fidelities of most species suggest that local site knowledge is of considerable importance and that individuals forced to relocate to alternative sites will likely incur a cost. Our findings also imply that habitat loss may have immediate population-level consequences through reduced fitness of displaced birds.