Indicators Of Child Abuse Research Articles

Protecting Our Innocence: Addressing Child Pornography in India

The internet has revolutionised educational methodologies and facilitated day-to-day learning experiences. It has also unveiled its darker facets, including the proliferation of child abuse in various forms, such as trafficking, prostitution and kidnapping. Amidst these atrocities, child pornography emerges as one of the most abhorrent manifestations of exploitation, inflicting severe physical and psychological harm upon its victims. In India, where the protection of children is paramount, stringent legal measures have been enacted to address this issue. This paper provides an analysis of the critical landscape of child pornography in the digital age, examining the multifaceted challenges it presents and the proactive measures undertaken by governmental and non-governmental entities. Through an exploration of the legal framework, landmark cases regarding child abuse in India, and initiatives aimed at child protection, the paper investigates the role of internet service providers in combating the dissemination of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Furthermore, the importance of international cooperation in addressing this grave issue is emphasised. It is crucial to protect our children from this harmful practice; it is necessary to ban the practice of child pornography and protect their fundamental rights.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude about POCSO Act among Medical Interns: A Questionnaire based Study

Background: The issue of child sexual abuse is a worldwide problem that exists among both developed as well as developing countries. The most vulnerable groups in society for sexual abuse are these children. The number of incidents involving child sexual assault is rising alarmingly. Material and Methods: It is across sectional questionnaire based study from February 2023 to July 2023 comprising of 100 medical interns (50 males and 50 females) conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Results: In this cross sectional study, 100 medical interns comprising of 50 males and 50 females participated. The questionnaire consisted of 10 multiple choice questions about the POCSO Act.76% of medical interns knew what the acronym POCSO Act means. The age of child under POCSO Act was known to 82% participants. 71% participants were aware that POCSO Act is gender neutral. Conclusion: Although teaching young children about appropriate and inappropriate touching starts in the primary grades, CSA can be reduced by increasing knowledge and awareness in the local community. The cases of child abuse in India require a holistic approach from every member of society.

Understanding The Psychological Impact Of Child Abuse: Exploring Status And Rights In India Article Sidebar

Background Child abuse in India includes child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, influenced by societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. Legal measures like the Right to Education Act and the POCSO Act exist to protect children, but their implementation faces significant challenges. This chapter highlights the need for comprehensive and integrated approaches to combat child abuse and ensure children's well-being. Aims This chapter aims to examine the psychological impacts of child abuse and evaluate the socio-legal landscape concerning the status and rights of children in India. It explores the prevalence and consequences of child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, and assesses the interplay of societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. The chapter also evaluates the effectiveness of legal frameworks and governmental initiatives in protecting children's rights and well-being. Method The chapter uses a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative methods. It includes a literature review, case studies, legal document analysis, and expert interviews in child psychology, law, and social work. Statistical analysis is applied to interpret the data collected, providing insights into the socio-legal context and psychological impacts of child abuse. Results Findings show a high prevalence of child abuse, including child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, significantly affecting children's psychological health. Contributing factors include societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. Legal frameworks like the Right to Education Act and the POCSO Act have had mixed success, highlighting progress but also gaps in implementation and enforcement. Conclusions The chapter concludes that addressing the challenges of child abuse in India requires a holistic approach. Effective legal implementation, community-driven interventions, and awareness campaigns are essential for creating a supportive environment for children's psychological growth and development. Integrating legal, social, and psychological perspectives is crucial for comprehensive strategies to prevent child abuse and support affected children.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude of Dental Professionals of Delhi-NCR Region Towards Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN)

INTRODUCTION: Child abuse is engaging in an action or not engaging in an action by the parents or child’s guardian(s) that violates the child’s rights and puts his/her favorable life, development and dignity at risk. Children who have been abused or who experience dental neglect may/may not present to a dental professional for evaluation. It is an ethical and legal responsibility of dental practioners to have knowledge, awareness, and to participate actively in diagnosis, and report the cases of child abuse. AIM: To evaluate the knowledge, awareness and attitude regarding child abuse and neglect (CAN) amongst dental practioners of Delhi- NCR region. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Present study was designed as a cross sectional observational study using a pretested, prevalidated close-ended questionnaire. Questionnaire was distributed among the 500 dental professionals in Delhi-NCR region. Filled questionnaires were collected on the same day. The response formats were tabulated and subjected to descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS 19.0. R RESULTS: Majority of the respondents were aware about child abuse and neglect, gender predominance and associated role of socioeconomic status. Knowledge regarding presenting symptoms, referral and treatment options was found to be inadequate and the respondents wanted to enhance their knowledge regarding the same. About 92.7% - Age group of 20-30 yrs. feel CAN is matter of concern. Females had more awareness and positive attitude towards attending programs regarding CAN. Age group above 50yrs age – 54.5% professionals referred the cases of CAN for care. 89.9% of dental Professionals of Age group 20-30 yrs. willing to attend programs for increasing their awareness CONCLUSION: Knowledge and Awareness of dentists about the indicators of child abuse was found to be inadequate. However, the respondents showed positive attitude towards improving their professional knowledge. Keywords: [Child abuse, Physical abuse, Neglect, oro-dental Injuries, Child protection training

Legislating Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse in India and China: A Divergence of Legislative Choice

Mandatory reporting is used as a tool for early identification of child abuse by countries around the world. However, there is variation in terms of the legislative models followed. The two models most commonly followed are universal mandatory reporting and stakeholder specific mandatory reporting. India and China joined the bandwagon and introduced legislation on mandatory reporting over a decade ago. While India has adopted the ambitious model of universal mandatory reporting, China has taken a more incremental and experimental approach with stakeholder-specific mandatory reporting. The paper aims to differentiate the legislative approaches taken by the two countries for introducing mandatory reporting for child abuse, by delving into the legislative history, legislative provisions, and implementation challenges for mandatory reporting in both jurisdictions. The paper does not comment on the sanctity of mandatory reporting, but is limited to a comparative analysis of the legislative strategies taken by India and China.

Early recognition of child abuse through screening indicators at the emergency department: experience of a tertiary urban pediatric hospital

BackgroundEmergency Departments play a pivotal role in detecting cases of child abuse. Despite the efforts made in the past decades on the need for a screening method for the early detection of abuse victims, a unique instrument shared by the international scientific community has not been made. These instruments should be able to help recognizing whether it is necessary to further investigate the child’s condition. The aim of the study is to illustrate the screening indicators in use since 2010 in the Emergency Department of the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital to early recognise the victims of abuse and the modifying process of the screening tool undertaken over the years.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the process that led to the editing of the indicators of child abuse in use nowadays at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital. We codified three clinical pathways to apply in case of suspected abuse. Furthermore, we investigated the medical records of screening-positive accesses in the Paediatric Emergency Department of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital from January 2008 to October 2020.ResultsAn estimation of positive screening, regarding the type of abuse suspected, and the number of accessed in ED was made, resulting in a cohort of 956 patients. In 2010 we created a list of 14 items grouped in three clusters: anamnestic declarations or incongruences, carelessness/neglect and evident lesions at physical examination. Positivity to one of the items allows the actuation of the investigating protocol named as clinical pathway.In 2013, after three years of experience, the criteria were edited to increase specificity. The application of screening led to a median number of 82 suspected cases/year from 2013 to 2020.ConclusionA screening tool is essential and productive for the early recognition of victims of abuse. An in-deep analysis of suspected cases through a standardized method, such as the clinical pathway, allowed reaching the diagnosis in a more accurate and precise manner.

Child abuse in India -A review

Child abuse in India -A review - IJPNS- Print ISSN No: - 2582-4023 Online ISSN No:- 2582-4031 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijpns.2019.002, IP Journal of Paediatrics and Nursing Science-J Paediatr Nurs Sci

Dialectics of tradition and modernity in private spaces: the ordeal of girl child abuse in modern India

A growing body of literature has begun to furnish information on the prevalence of child abuse in India. The irony is that the perpetrator is often well known to the child and often intra-familial. Though in some situations, it is beyond their control but many times the family fails to protect the child from sexual abuse. The cultural tradition of the family being a “private space” provides little scope for intercession of public into critiquing its members. Furthermore, severe barriers of culture, traditional practices and social stigma attached in the society make it difficult to speak about the incidences of child abuse in public. The globalization process with modern technology has had it both positive and negative effects. Though it has opened new spaces for gender equality, it also encourages commodification of the bodies. The present paper is based on empirical data collected from one hundred respondents with four in-depth case studies of college girls studying in undergraduate and postgraduate programs of the selected colleges of Lucknow city. It attempts to reflect on the incidents of child abuse through narratives on the complex situation and the processes through which the victim, the family members and the civil society at large deals with.

An exploration of the socio-cultural context in immigrant-concentrated neighborhoods with unusual rates of child maltreatment

ABSTRACT Despite the field’s understanding of individual and family level predictors of child maltreatment, research on neighborhood indicators of child abuse and neglect, especially in immigrant communities, is limited. This study employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews to elicit perceptions of 28 key community informants to further understand the social dynamics of highly concentrated immigrant communities and their influence on child maltreatment. Thematic content analysis used coding consensus, co-occurrence, and comparison to analyze results. Findings suggest maltreatment reporting and behaviors may be related to three themes concerning the socio-cultural context of immigrant communities. Themes are cultural norms and values, fear and mistrust, and lack of knowledge and misinformation. Suggestions for neighborhood-level interventions in immigrant communities are presented.

Gender Inequality and Child Abuse in India

Gender Inequality and Child Abuse in India

Health behavior and oral health status as indicators of child abuse and neglectin children and adolescents. Preliminary report

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Pantelewicz AM, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Health behavior and oral health status as indicators of child abuse and neglectin children and adolescents. Preliminary report. Journal of Stomatology. 2019;72(4):153-157. doi:10.5114/jos.2019.91232. APA Pantelewicz, A. M., & Olczak-Kowalczyk, D. (2019). Health behavior and oral health status as indicators of child abuse and neglectin children and adolescents. Preliminary report. Journal of Stomatology, 72(4), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.5114/jos.2019.91232 Chicago Pantelewicz, Anna M, and Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk. 2019. "Health behavior and oral health status as indicators of child abuse and neglectin children and adolescents. Preliminary report". Journal of Stomatology 72 (4): 153-157. doi:10.5114/jos.2019.91232. Harvard Pantelewicz, A., and Olczak-Kowalczyk, D. (2019). Health behavior and oral health status as indicators of child abuse and neglectin children and adolescents. Preliminary report. Journal of Stomatology, 72(4), pp.153-157. https://doi.org/10.5114/jos.2019.91232 MLA Pantelewicz, Anna et al. "Health behavior and oral health status as indicators of child abuse and neglectin children and adolescents. Preliminary report." Journal of Stomatology, vol. 72, no. 4, 2019, pp. 153-157. doi:10.5114/jos.2019.91232. Vancouver Pantelewicz A, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Health behavior and oral health status as indicators of child abuse and neglectin children and adolescents. Preliminary report. Journal of Stomatology. 2019;72(4):153-157. doi:10.5114/jos.2019.91232.

A Study of Child Abuse in India: Current Issues and Prevention

A Study of Child Abuse in India: Current Issues and Prevention

Knowledge, attitudes, and professional responsibilities among southern indian dental residents regarding child abuse: A cross-sectional survey

Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes about indicators, legal issues, professional responsibilities, and reporting mechanisms toward child abuse among South Indian dental residents. Methods: A self-administered structured questionnaire comprising of 15 questions, was distributed to 170 dental residents belonging to three private dental teaching institutions in South India. The data collected was descriptively analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: A total of 158 dental residents responded to the distributed questionnaires, with a response rate of 93%. Among them, 55% were females (n = 87) and the males were 45% (n = 71), with majority of the participants (n = 82) above 23 years of age (52%). Greater part of respondents (95%) in this study has the knowledge about the indicators of child abuse; 13% suspected a case of child abuse although only 62% of them had reported the incident. Most of the dental residents (85%) knew about legal issues and professional responsibilities but knowledge related to the reporting mechanisms was lacking. Almost 85% desired further training on the identification and reporting mechanisms for suspicious cases of child physical abuse. Conclusion: Knowledge on the indicators of child abuse is inadequate among the dental residents, and most of them did not recognize or report a case. The reasons might be due to limitations in lecture-based learning which was not practiced in clinical settings. Therefore, more comprehensive education on the topic of child abuse including recognizing and reporting procedures should be reinforced in clinical settings.

Child Abuse and Neglect: Do We know enough? A Cross-sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Dentists regarding Child Abuse and Neglect in Pune, India.

Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant global problem with a serious impact on the victims throughout their lives. Dentists have the unique opportunity to address this problem. However, reporting such cases has become a sensitive issue due to the uncertainty of the diagnosis. The authors are testing the knowledge of the dentists toward CAN and also trying to question the efforts of the educational institutions to improve this knowledge for the better future of the younger generation. Questionnaire data were distributed to 1,106 members regarding their knowledge, professional responsibilities, and behavior concerning child abuse. There were 762 responses to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 68.9%. Although dentists consider themselves able to identify suspicious cases, only a small percentage of the participants correctly identified all signs of abuse and 76.8% knew the indicators of child abuse. Most of them were willing to get involved in detecting a case and about 90% believed that it is their ethical duty to report child abuse. Only 7.2% suspected an abuse case in the past. The numbers indicate a lack of awareness about CAN in these participants. No differences were observed between sexes, year of graduation, types of license, frequency at which children were treated, and formal training already received. A large proportion of child physical abuse cases go undocumented and unreported. The data showed that not all dental care providers and students were prepared to fulfill their legal and professional responsibilities in these situations. There should be modifications in the dental school curriculum focusing on educational experiences regarding child abuse to strengthen their capability to care and protect children.

Silence of male child sexual abuse in India: Qualitative analysis of barriers for seeking psychiatric help in a multidisciplinary unit in a general hospital

Introduction:In 2007, Ministry of Women and Child Welfare, supported by United Nations Children's Fund, save the children and Prayas conducted a study to understand the magnitude of child abuse in India, they found that 53.22% children faced one or more forms of sexual abuse; among them, the number of boys abused was 52.94%.Aim:The aim of this study was to explore the barriers for seeking psychiatric help by qualitative analysis of stake holders of male victims of child abuse.Materials and Methods:All the statements made by the stakeholders regarding psychiatric assessment and treatment were recorded in each referral made to the psychiatrist. Semistructured interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the topic of understanding the need for psychiatric treatment to the victims.Results:Collaborative child response unit, a multidisciplinary team, to tackle child sexual abuse in a general hospital received three referrals of male child abuse among the 27 referrals in 20 months. The main theme of the barrier that was generated by interviewing the stakeholders of male child victims of abuse was the misconception of superiority of a male victim due to gender (patriarchy) an expectation that he will outgrow the experience. In-depth interviews of three cases of homosexual abuse explored the theme.Conclusion:Patriarchy is oppressing male children and acts as a barrier to seek psychiatric help in collaborative child response unit.

Are There Hallmarks of Child Abuse? I. Osseous Injuries.

Fractures are commonly found in cases regarded as child abuse. The most commonly encountered fractures are to the ribs and the metaphyses. This paper examines the specificity of the classical metaphyseal lesion (CML) and rib fractures as hallmarks of child abuse. Recently, vitamin D deficiency (rickets) has been proposed as an alternative cause for the appearances typically described in CML. The literature in this area is examined. Rib fractures have also been highly associated with child abuse, particularly posterior rib fractures. As well as metabolic bone disease, resuscitation has been examined as a cause of rib fractures in young children. The current literature remains strongly supportive of rib fractures and metaphyseal fractures being indicators of child abuse.

The significance of bruising in the pre-mobile infant

The majority of children in the UK are loved and cared for. The occasional cases of intentional injury to a child resulting in death or significant harm evoke powerful and uncomfortable feelings ( Devaney et al, 2013 ), and the public outcry may result in health and social workers facing criticism. Identifying whether an infant is at risk of abuse can be a source of stress and anxiety for practitioners ( Brandon et al, 2011 ). Bruising is a strong indicator of child abuse involving intentional injury ( Kemp et al, 2014 ). The incidence of bruising correlates to developmental stage, with non-mobile infants least likely to incur bruising. Therefore, its presence in pre-mobile infants requires immediate assessment. A search of the literature around bruising in pre-mobile infants revealed themes of missed opportunities for early intervention, the role of the father in the family and the significance of child development. Sharing of knowledge and expertise within the multidisciplinary team is key to safeguarding infants.

Combating child abuse: the role of a dentist.

Child abuse has serious physical and psychosocial consequences which adversely affect the health and overall well-being of a child. However, in a developing country like India there has been no knowledge of the extent, magnitude and trends of the problem. This study reviews the overall scenario of child abuse in India as well as the role of the dentist in recognising and thereby combating this problem. Among health professionals, dentists are probably in the most favourable position to recognise child abuse, with opportunities to observe and assess not only the physical and the psychological condition of the children, but also the family environment. The high frequency of facial injuries associated with physical abuse places the dentist at the forefront of professionals to detect and treat an abused child. Screening for maltreatment should be an integral part of any clinical examination performed on a child. Although many injuries are not caused by abuse, dentists should always be suspicious of traumatic injuries. The dental professional's role in child abuse and neglect is to know the current state law regarding reporting child abuse and to follow the law. Awareness, identification, documentation and notification should be carried out by the dentist. Paediatric dentists can provide valuable information and assistance to physicians about oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect. Such efforts will strengthen the ability to prevent and detect child abuse and neglect and enhance care and protection for the children.

1523 – Suspicious recurrent child abuse and the intersection field of psychiatry and law: a case report

In Brazil, children and adolescents are considered holders of Special Rights, as depicted in Article 227 of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. Special Rights refers to a condition in which their rights should be respected, but also protected from physical, moral and psychological harm. Moreover, the Brazilian Child and Adolescent Statute (Law n. 8.069) specifically guarantees full protection of children and adolescents. This case-report sought to discuss the intersection of Psychiatry and the Brazilian Law in a case of suspicious recurrent child abuse. AIM. To demonstrate the importance of protecting children from maltreatment by reporting the case of a suspicious recurrent child abuse. Case-report: A 7-year-old child and her mother were evaluated by two psychiatrists, as requested by the Public Attorney Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Denouncements of possible recurrent negligent treatment by the parents had been referred to the Public Attorney Office since the child was one year old. Other family members were also interviewed, to better understand the family dynamics. RESULTS. The mother had no symptoms of mental disorder. The child had symptoms of possible child abuse, such as physical and school failure, emotional and social withdrawal. Clinicians must pay attention to emotional signs and symptoms that can be indicators of child abuse, which must be reported to law enforcement. We also highlight the importance of evaluating and giving support to the whole family.

Child Abuse in India

Child abuse is harm to, or neglect of, a child by another person, whether adult or child. Child abuse happens in all cultural, ethnic, and income groups. Child abuse can be physical, emotional - verbal, sexual or through neglect. Abuse may cause serious injury to the child and may even result in death. A problem that is only beginning to come into light in India rape, sexual abuse, and sexual harassment are worldwide issues of gender violence. There is very little research done in this area in India and only a few books have been written, keeping the subject even further from the consciousness of the country. However, the problem persists with staggering incidence, and Indians unique profile adds to the complexity of an already difficult subject. Fortunately, the issue of child sexual abuse is slowly becoming a more recognized issue, and for this reason, this paper will focus much on sexual abuse against minor children: the laws, victims, and perpetrators. Finally, an analysis of the aspects of Indian culture that make this issue particularly difficult to understand and cope with will be presented.