Indices In Women Research Articles

Анализ показателей гомеостаза у женщин с приращением плаценты до и после родоразрешения

Состояние гомеостаза у женщин с приращением плаценты представляет научный и практический интерес. Женщины с центральным предлежанием и приращением плаценты относятся к группе высокого риска по массивным кровотечениям, разрыву матки, травме мочевого пузыря или мочеточников во время операции кесарева сечения. Была проведена оценка состояния гомеостаза у 34 женщин с приращением плаценты и у 49 женщин группы сравнения без признаков приращения. У женщин с приращением плаценты были выявлены статистически значимые различия (p<0,05) в показателях системы гомеостаза во время беременности по сравнению с женщинами без приращения плаценты, проявляющиеся в снижении количества эритроцитов, уровня гемоглобина, мочевины и креатинина, активности факторов протромбинового комплекса. Снижение данных показателей свидетельствует о нарушении функции печени и наличии анемического синдрома у женщин с приращением плаценты. Дисбаланс показателей гомеостаза во время беременности у женщин с приращением плаценты может быть интерпретирован как предиктор патологической инвазии плаценты с ранних сроков беременности. The state of homeostasis of women with placenta accretion is of scientific and practical interest, since women with central presentation and placenta accretion are at high risk for massive bleeding, rupture of the uterus, injury to the bladder or ureters during cesarean section. The state of homeostasis was assessed in 34 women with placental increment and in 49 women of the comparison group without signs of increment. In women with placental increment, statistically significant differences in the indicators of the homeostasis system during pregnancy were revealed compared with women without placental increment, manifested in a decrease in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, urea and creatinine levels, AFPC. A decrease in these indicators indicates a violation of liver function and the presence of anemic syndrome in women with placenta accretion. The imbalance of homeostasis indicators during pregnancy in women with placental increment and can be interpreted as predictors of pathological invasion of the placenta from early pregnancy.

Social Empowerment of Women

The aim of the current study is to shed light on the empowerment of women in human society and to move away from the marginalization of women in society because women are half of society, in addition to the fact that women have duties and also have rights, and that empowering women must be based on the reality of society, its values, and its requirements so that the empowerment of women is not a burden. Society, on the contrary, must be a pillar for the development of society, and empowerment must be in line with the Islamic religion and Arab values and customs. The current research sheds light on indicators of women's social empowerment, criteria for women's social empowerment, levels of women's social empowerment, and theories explaining women's empowerment.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN QUALITY OF LIFE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE, DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND PECULIARITIES OF INFECTIOUS PNEUMONIA 3 MONTHS AFTER COVID-19

Highlights The severity of pneumonia and the presence of cardiovascular diseases have a negative impact on the physical aspect of quality of life. Women`s quality of life indicators tend to be worse than men`s. Regular work activity is a factor that improves the physical aspect of the quality of life. AbstractAim. To analyze the relationship between the quality of life (QoL) and the psychological and somatic state of patients 3 months after Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.Methods. The study is a part of the “Prospective Follow-up Study of Patients after COVID-19 Pneumonia” that involves data on 351 patients (age 53±11) 3 months after hospitalization. Women accounted for 51% of all patients. Cardiologist and clinical psychologist examined cardiovascular and psychological health of patients. We assessed QoL by using the SF-36 survey, and psychometric properties by using the GAD-7, PHQ-9 and PSS-10. We estimated the severity of the COVID-19 using the discharge summaries information.Results. The prevalence of stress symptoms (27,4% vs 5,1%, p = 0,030) and depression (18,00 [13,00–25,00] vs 20,00 [15,00–24,00], p = 0,032) were higher in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, QoL was lower in this group of patients in all subscales except for “Mental health” and “Mental health aspect”. Women were more 3 times more likely to experience psychological and emotional disorders compared to men (29,1% vs 16,2%, ОR = 2,615 95%; 95% CI 1,695–4,035; p<0,001). At the same time, all QoL indicators in women were significantly lower. For example, the average score on subscales “Mental health aspect” was equal to 47,17 [41,33–51,35] in women and 50,16 [46,65–52,35] in men (p<0,001), and the average score on subscale “Physical health aspect” was equal to 66,32 [60,71–72,62] in women and 63,82 [56,04–70,93] in men (p = 0,003). The QoL scores on physical health subscales were higher in patients with mild and moderate lung lesions. Scores on the “Social functioning” subscale were higher in unmarried patients (87,00 [62,50–100,00] in married patients and 100,00 [75,10–100,00] in unmarried patients; p = 0,017), and scores on the subscale “Physical health aspect” were lower in unemployed patients (48,73 [44,43–52,31] in employed patients and 44,84 [41,32–49,73] in unemployed patients; p<0,001).Conclusion. Тhe presence of cardiovascular disorders and severity of the COVID-19 pneumonia affected the physical aspect of QoL. QoL in women is worse compared with men. Regular work activity improves the physical aspect of QoL. There is a decrease in social activity in married patients after COVID-19 compared to unmarried patients.

Is Low Dose Aspirin Reduced the Risk of Preeklampsia?

Background: The maternal mortality rate is the number of maternal deaths resulting from pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum processes, which is an indicator of women's health status. Efforts that can be made to accelerate the reduction in maternal mortality are by ensuring that every mother is able to access quality health services. Low-dose aspirin has been proven to be a safe and effective primary prevention of preeclampsia. This study aims to determine the effect of low dose aspirin on the incidence of preeclampsia.
 Subjects and Method: Cross sectional research was conducted at the Community Health Center, Blora, Central Java, Indonesia. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected using random sampling. The dependent variable is preeclampsia. The independent variables are age, income, aspirin consumption, primigravida, multigravida and hypertension. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.
 Results: The results of logistic regression analysis in this study concluded that the risk of preeclampsia increased at age <20 years or ≥35 years (OR= 4.62; 95% CI= 1.89 to 11.28; p= 0.001), gravida 2-3 (OR= 3.03; CI 95 %= 1.01 to 9.05; p= 0.047), gravida ≥3 (OR= 4.41; 95% CI= 1.07 to 18.18; p= 0.040) and history of hypertension (OR= 2.41; 95% CI= 1.02 to 5.69; p= 0.005 ). The risk of preeclampsia decreased with income > IDR 2,000,000 (OR= 0.44; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.87; p= 0.019) and administration of low-dose aspirin (OR= 0.13; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.35; p <0.001).
 Conclusion: The risk of preeclampsia increases with age, gravida 2-3, gravida ≥3 and history of hypertension. The risk of preeclampsia decreases with high income and administration of low-dose aspirin.
 Keywords: preeclampsia, maternal age, hypertension.
 Correspondence: Era Kurniati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia. Email: erakurnia3@gmail.com. Mobile: 081325639317.

Effects of dietary copper intake on blood lipids in women of childbearing age and the potential role of gut microbiota.

Copper (Cu) is a vital trace element involved in numerous physiological processes, including glycolysis and lipid metabolism. Imbalances in Cu homeostasis can contribute to various diseases. However, current research on the impact of Cu on lipid metabolism has yielded inconsistent findings. Moreover, studies investigating the effects of dietary Cu intake on blood lipids among women of childbearing age are rare. Understanding of this relationship could enhance lipid management, given that most women obtain Cu through their diet. Additionally, the gut microbiota may play a role in this process. This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary Cu intake on blood lipids in women of childbearing age and to analyze the role of gut microbiota in this process. This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to conduct a preliminary analysis of the correlation between dietary Cu levels and blood lipid indicators in women of childbearing age. Subsequently, an on-site research was conducted to further investigate this relationship, followed by animal experiments to verify the effect of different Cu doses on blood lipid levels. Multiple linear regression models, ANOVA, XGBOOST were employed to analyze the impact of Cu on blood lipids and the role of intestinal microbiota in this process. In the population study, the NHANES results were consistent with on-site findings. The TG, and TC levels in women with childbearing were increased with higher dietary Cu intake. Animal experiments have shown that as Cu intake increases, TC levels increase. Furthermore, when the Cu intake reached 8 mg/day (the recommended dietary Cu intake limit of China, RDI), the TG levels in the research animals decrease, alongside a reduction in the abundance of Weissella cibaria (probiotics related to lipid metabolism), and the levels of LPS and IL-6 increase. The blood lipid levels of women of childbearing age increase with higher dietary Cu intake. RDI of 8 mg/day for women of childbearing age in China may need to be appropriately reduced. Regulating the gut microbiota, especially by increasing the abundance of Weissella cibaria may be an effective intervention for blood lipids.

Effectiveness of education and economic performance on gender and violence against women indicators: An Assessment of EU countries and Turkey

Effectiveness of education and economic performance on gender and violence against women indicators: An Assessment of EU countries and Turkey

Information technology, gender economic inclusion and environment sustainability in sub-Sahara Africa

PurposeThis study examines the relevance of information and communication technologies in the effect of gender economic inclusion on environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe focus is on a panel of 42 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2005–2020. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. The environmental sustainability indicator used is CO2 emissions per capita. Three indicators of women’s economic inclusion are considered: female labour force participation, female employment and female unemployment. The chosen ICT indicators are mobile phone penetration, Internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions.FindingsThe results show that: (1) fixed broadband subscriptions represent the most relevant ICT moderator of gender economic inclusion for an effect on CO2 emissions; (2) negative net effects are apparent for the most part with fixed broadband subscriptions (3) both positive ICT thresholds (i.e., critical levels for complementary policies) and negative ICT thresholds (i.e., minimum ICT levels for negative net effects) are provided; (4) ICT synergy effects are apparent for female unemployment, but not for female employment. In general, the joint effect of ICTs or their synergies and economic inclusion should be a concern for policymakers in order to better ensure sustainable development. Moreover, the relevant ICT policy thresholds and mobile phone threshold for complementary policy are essential in promoting a green economy.Originality/valueThe study complements the extant literature by assessing linkages between information technology, gender economic inclusion and environmental sustainability.

Second Stage of Labor Cesarean Section Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

Background: Cesarean section at the second stage of labor occurs when the mother requires delivery with full dilatation of the cervix by cesarean section (CS), which poses a risk to the mother and fetus. Purpose: To study the maternal and fetal outcomes of second-stage cesarean section. Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Alhasahisa Teaching Hospital from August 2021 to January 2022. The study sample comprised 226 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 113 who delivered by second-stage cesarean section and 113 who delivered by first-stage labor cesarean section as controls. Data were collected using a questionnaire filled out by doctors after informed consent was obtained. Results: The common indications in women who delivered via second-stage cesarean section were fetal distress in 62(51.9%), obstructed labor in 26(23%), and failure to progress in 25(22.1%). In women who underwent first-stage cesarean section, the common indications were failure to progress in 85(75.2%), fetal distress in 16(14.2%), and chorioamnionitis in 12(10.6%) (p < 0.05). The reported maternal complications in women who underwent second-stage cesarean section were postpartum hemorrhage in 34(30.1%), sepsis in 11(9.7%), prolonged labor in eight (7.1%), extended tears in four (3.5%), umbilical cord prolapse in three (2.7%), and episiotomy in three (2.7%). The admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the causes of admission were more common among the babies of the women delivered by second-stage cesarean section than the babies of the women delivered by first-stage cesarean section (p value < 0.05). Maternal complications in women who underwent second-stage cesarean section included postpartum hemorrhage in 34(30.1%), sepsis in 11(9.7%), prolonged labor in 8(7.1%), uterine extension in 4(3.5%), umbilical cord prolapse in 3(2.7%), and episiotomy in 3(2.7%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Second-stage labor cesarean section showed more complications of postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, and extended tears, as well as more fetal complications, such as admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, fresh stillbirths, low Apgar scores, and birth asphyxia.

Breast milk microbiota of healthy women living in the Russian Federation

Introduction. Mother’s breast milk is considered to be the best source of infant nutrition and, paradoxical as it may sound, the only product of the infant diet, which composition is still poorly known to us. This article presents the findings of a study on the breast milk microbiota conducted in the Russian Federation for the first time.Aim. To study the composition of the breast milk microbiota of healthy women living in the Russian Federation and identify the impact of various factors on its diversity.Materials and methods. A molecular genetic study on 56 colostrum samples and 12 mature breast milk samples from 56 healthy donors using a method based on sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was conducted.Results. In a batch of 56 colostrum samples, 22 species and 242 genera of bacteria were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota were the most predominant species of bacteria in healthy women with a normal body mass index, from a physiological pregnancy, who did not take antibiotics, after natural delivery at term; Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Gemella were the most predominant at the level of delivery. Statistical analysis of the impact of nationality, age, number of children in the family and duration of hospitalization (PERMANOVA) showed no significant differences in the proportions of bacteria in the colostrum of women (p > 0.05). The gender of the child was the only factor that turned out to be significant. The biodiversity of colostrum of girl-delivered mothers were higher (Shannon index) than that of boy-delivered mothers. In addition, the mature breast milk microbiota (1 month after delivery) has lower alpha diversity as compared to colostrum.Discussion. The analysis of our results and reports from foreign colleagues showed significant similarities and differences, which, certainly, were explained by a number of reasons related to methodological and geographical differences, the method, timing and even the time of day when breast milk samples were collected.Conclusion. In general, the colostrum of healthy women had a fairly stable bacterial composition, and its rich biodiversity fully demonstrated high quality of the first microbial inoculum for the newborn intestine. Our results provide valuable insights into the healthy breast milk microbiota in women living in the Russian Federation and can be used as reference ranges, as well as for comparison with similar indicators in women from other countries.

Gender Determination Using Index and Ring Finger Linear Measurements in North Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In the fields of medico-legal matters and bio-archaeological settings, gender evaluation plays a pivotal role in the initial stages of human identification. Approximately half of the population at risk is excluded when gender is determined, making it the most essential factor for identification. When it comes to medico-legal matters and bio-archaeological settings, gender evaluation is a crucial initial step in human identification. Traditional gender determination procedures, such as skull and pelvic analysis, may be hindered by fragmentary human remains that have been degraded by various forms of inhumation or physical assaults. To investigate sexual dimorphism, this study examined the ratio of index finger length to ring finger length. The lengths of the index and ring fingers were measured and the ratios between them were calculated for both hands separately. Applications of IBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 16.0 (Released 2007; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) included Student's t-test and Levene's test. According to the study, women's index finger-to-ring finger length ratios were much longer than men's. The ratio of index finger to ring finger length was significantly different between the sexes on both sides of the hand (p<0.001). In terms of the right hand, the threshold value was 0.9666 for men and 0.9952 for females, while in terms of the left hand, the values were 0.9638 and 0.9920, respectively. With an advancing front in this arena on gender determination, the use of digits has become an additional source of support to physical anthropologists for bio-archaeological surveys and to forensic experts for use in medico-legal investigations for fragmentary remains received during investigatory trials.

A step closer towards achieving universal health coverage: the role of gender in enrolment in health insurance in India

BackgroundThere is limited understanding of how universal health coverage (UHC) schemes such as publicly-funded health insurance (PFHI) benefit women as compared to men. Many of these schemes are gender-neutral in design but given the existing gender inequalities in many societies, their benefits may not be similar for women and men. We contribute to the evidence by conducting a gender analysis of the enrolment of individuals and households in India’s national PFHI scheme, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY).MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional household survey on RSBY eligible families across eight Indian states and studied different outcome variables at both the individual and household levels to compare enrolment among women and men. We applied multivariate logistic regressions and controlled for several demographic and socio-economic characteristics.ResultsAt the individual level, the analysis revealed no substantial differences in enrolment between men and women. Only in one state were women more likely to be enrolled in RSBY than men (AOR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.32-5.38), and this pattern was linked to their status in the household. At the household level, analyses revealed that female-headed households had a higher likelihood to be enrolled (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.14-1.62), but not necessarily to have all household members enrolled.ConclusionFindings are surprising in light of India’s well-documented gender bias, permeating different aspects of society, and are most likely an indication of success in designing a policy that did not favour participation by men above women, by mandating spouse enrolment and securing enrolment of up to five family members. Higher enrolment rates among female-headed households are also an indication of women’s preferences for investments in health, in the context of a conducive policy environment. Further analyses are needed to examine if once enrolled, women also make use of the scheme benefits to the same extent as men do. India is called upon to capitalise on the achievements of RSBY and apply them to newer schemes such as PM-JAY.

Serum magnesium in women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes

Aim. To study of serum magnesium in women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Materials and Methods. 74 women of child-bearing age, subject to voluntary informed consent, participated in a prospective cohort study. The main group (n = 31) included non-pregnant women who had a history of unfavorable gestation outcomes: premature birth, spontaneous miscarriage, habitual miscarriage, undeveloped pregnancy. The comparison group (n = 43) consisted of non-pregnant women with a history of two or more urgent deliveries. In all women, in preparation for pregnancy, the content of serum magnesium was determined by colorimetric method with xylidine blue.Results. 77.6% of women with a burdened obstetric history of miscarriage (the main group) had various menstrual cycle disorders (FIGO, 2018). When analyzing the levels of magnesium in the blood serum of the examined women, it turned out that the obtained indicators in women of both groups corresponded to the established reference range of normal values of serum magnesium levels. At the same time, in the women of the main group, the average magnesium content in the blood serum was significantly lower and was closer to the lower limit of the range of normal values, and in the comparison group – in the middle of the range of normal values: 0.719 (0.672-0.767) mmol/l and 0.844 (0.778-0.922) mmol/l, respectively, p&lt;0.001.The optimal threshold value of the serum magnesium index in the study was 0.796 mmol/l with the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed prognostic model of 80.6% and 81.4%, respectively.Conclusion. Determination of the level of magnesium in the blood serum of women at the stage of pre-pregnancy counseling is of particular importance. Despite the fact that all the examined women had serum magnesium levels within the range of its normal values, significantly lower serum magnesium levels were found in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes in the anamnesis, which necessitates prescribing magnesium-containing medications to such patients at the stage of pregnancy planning. For the prevention of miscarriage within the framework of preconception preparation with serum magnesium values ≤0.796 mmol/l, the intake of organic magnesium salts is recommended.

Violence against women index in Peru

The Violence Against Women Index is a measure that evaluates the evolution of violence in a given context to understand the severity of the problem, which is a public health issue. Objective: This study aimed to measure the violence against women index in Peru according to sociodemographic variables. Method: The study was descriptive, comparative, quantitative, and cross-sectional; 1565 women who had experienced violence participated and were intentionally sampled. A validated measurement instrument was used to assess the rate of violence against women. Results: A moderate level (54.1%) of violence against women was found with a tendency to increase severely (33.7%, significant indices). In addition, differences were found in the index of violence according to sociodemographic variables of women (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: violence does not distinguish women from being victims because of their social, family, economic, educational, cultural, or residential status; however, there is a greater probability of severe violence in adult women with a low level of education.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Experiential Avoidance, Self-Compassion, and Physiological Indices in Women with Breast Cancer

Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of mindfulness training on experiential avoidance, self-compassion, and certain physiological indices in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Method: This applied research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The population included all women with stage 1 and 2 breast cancer who were under medical care after completing chemotherapy or radiotherapy at Shahid Tajrish Hospital in 2020-2021. A convenience sampling method was used to select 40 female breast cancer patients, who were equally divided into an experimental group (20 participants) and a control group (20 participants). Data were collected using the Neff's Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), the Bond et al.'s Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (2011), and physiological indices. Mindfulness training, based on the protocol by Lengacher et al. (2019), consisted of 8 sessions of 90 minutes each for the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: The results indicated that mindfulness training significantly increased self-compassion (F = 6.35, p &lt; .05) and decreased experiential avoidance (F = 4.75, p &lt; .05) in women with breast cancer. Additionally, the training significantly reduced cortisol levels (F = 7.38, p &lt; .05), but did not have a significant effect on the concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.83, p &gt; .05) and CRP (F = 0.04, p &gt; .05). Conclusion: Considering the current findings, it can be said that mindfulness training is effective in improving the psychological condition and reducing stress in women with breast cancer.

Gray scale 2D Ultrasound in Relation to Coagulation Profile and Uterine Artery Doppler Indices in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding

Gray scale 2D Ultrasound in Relation to Coagulation Profile and Uterine Artery Doppler Indices in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding

Iron Levels and Dysfunctional Adipose Index in Women

Iron Levels and Dysfunctional Adipose Index in Women

Cellular Inflammatory Markers and the Castelli Risk Indices in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The clinical importance of early identification of potential predictors of cardiovascular events in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cannot be overemphasized. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the levels of selected cellular inflammatory markers and Castelli I and II risk indices in women with GDM. Methods: A total of 40 pregnant women, consisting of 11 women with GDM and 29 women without GDM, were randomly enrolled in this case-control study using the convenient sampling method. After participants fasted overnight, venous blood samples were taken, and the plasma lipid profiles were determined using the spectrophotometric methods. Then, differential white blood cells counting was done using a microscope. Thereafter, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, Castelli risk index-I (CRI-I) and CRI-II, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated using the appropriate formula. Student’s t-test, Mann Whitney U, Chi-square, and Spearman’s rho correlations were used for statistical analysis. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Mean age, gestational weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, and neutrophil count were significantly higher in women with GDM. Likewise with the Castelli I and II risk indices values, as well as the NLR. In contrast, HDL-C levels, lymphocytes, and monocytes counts were significantly lower in women with GDM. However, the two groups observed no difference in the MLR ) .Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation, which are forerunners of cardiovascular diseases.

Use of iron in perinatal anaemia: Indications for women’s health care policies and procedure

This paper reviews management of obstetric anaemia and the role of intravenous iron for the treatment of obstetric anaemia. Red blood cell transfusions are routinely used for haemoglobin restoration in anaemic women. The decision for red blood cell transfusion is made on a combination of haemoglobin level and clinical status, and it is suggested that transfusions are not necessary in those who are well compensated or when alternative therapy is available. To reduce the risk, intravenous iron infusion is proposed as a bloodless therapeutic approach. There are a variety of iron preparations. Intravenous iron infusion can reduce the requirement for blood transfusion in hemodynamically stable women with perinatal anaemia, especially in resource-scarce settings. It a cost-effective bloodless approach for the treatment of anaemia than can enhance patient outcomes. According to the literature, when haemoglobin is greater than 90 g/L, blood transfusion is not often required. In perinatal women with anaemia, the decision whether to administer blood or iron is based on patient preferences, haemoglobin levels, clinical symptoms, past and present medical conditions and the clinician’s judgement. Nevertheless, due to the lack of rigid criteria for blood transfusions in the majority of clinical settings, it is considered the default treatment for anaemia in perinatal women.

Влияние патологии мочевыделительной системы на развитие эндометрита после кесарева сечения.

Introduction. Pregnant women with pathology of the urinary system are at high risk of complications. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and structure of diseases of the urinary system in maternity women with endometritis after cesarean section, to determine their prognostic value as independent predictors of the development of postoperative infectious and inflammatory complications. Materials and methods. A retrospective multicenter statistical analysis of the medical histories and primary medical documentation data of 648 women delivered by caesarean section, 406 of them with a diagnosis of "endometritis after cesarean section" (main group) and 242 with the physiological course of the postoperative period (control group). Results and discussion. The prevalence of diseases of the urinary system in puerperant with endometritis was 56.5% and is mainly represented by urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria complicates the course of pregnancy 3.3 times more often in women with endometritis after cesarean section compared with the corresponding indicator in women with uncomplicated course of the postoperative period (20.9% vs. 6.3%), which makes it possible to attribute it to significant predictors of the development of postoperative infectious and inflammatory complications in obstetrics. Conclusion. According to the results of multivariate regression analysis, chronic and gestational pyelonephritis had less pronounced associations with the prediction of endometritis development after cesarean section.

The Gender Gap in Surgical Literature: Are We Making Progress?

IntroductionThe percentage of women in surgical leadership roles is not commensurate with percent of women in field of surgery. Citation indexes are used as proxy for scholarly impact and may serve as an indicator of women's progress in academic surgery. We aimed to evaluate gender disparities in authorship of surgery manuscripts in high-impact journals. MethodsIn this bibliometric analysis of original research articles from four high-impact surgical journals from 2008 to 2010 (period A) and 2018-2020 (period B), the gender of primary and senior authors was assigned by Genderize.io. Number of citations per article was identified via Web of Science. Number of citations by gender of authors was compared across time periods. ResultsOf the 3575 articles (Period A = 1915; Period B = 1660), 962 (26.9%) had women as primary authors and 590 (17.2%) as senior authors. Over time, significant increases in women primary and senior authorship were noted from 22.8% to 31.7% (P < 0.001) and 13.9% (254/11,915) to 21% (336/1660), respectively (P < 0.001). Articles written with women primary authors had fewer median (interquartile range) citations than those by men as primary author in period A (39 [17-69.5] versus 42 [20.0-84.0]; P = 0.005). Gender parity was noted in period B (9 [4-19] versus 9 [4-20] citations; P = 0.307). In period A, articles written by women as both primary and senior authors had approximately 25% fewer median citations compared with those by men (34 [17-62] versus 44 [21-86]); P < 0.011), and this reached parity in period B (9 [4-20] versus 9 [4-21]); P < 0.658). ConclusionsOverall, gender authorship and citations parity are improving in high-impact surgery journals.