Multilevel geographic determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco use among young men in India: evidence for targeted addiction prevention policies.

IntroductionHealthcare provider (HCP) advice to quit smoking is an essential component of smoking cessation interventions. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is a periodic health survey of the Indian population. In this cross-sectional analysis we compared NFHS 2015−16 to NFHS 2019−21, and examined the prevalence of the HCP advice to quit tobacco and its associated factors among male cigarette and bidi users.MethodsThe analytic sample included those who had a HCP visit in the past 12 months. We defined quit advice as receiving any advice to quit smoking from a HCP in the last 12 months (“HCP advice to quit”). We compared sociodemographic characteristics of participants between NFHS-4 and 5. We pooled both samples to conduct multivariate logistic regression analysis for the binary outcome of HCP advice to quit, and examined sociodemographic (age, education, caste, occupation), lifestyle and environmental (smoking frequency, alcohol consumption, second hand smoke exposure), health (non-communicable disease diagnosis), and healthcare use (oral examination, health insurance coverage) factors associated with this outcome.ResultsAmong cigarette and bidi users visiting a HCP, advice to quit significantly improved from NFHS-4 (54.2%) to NFHS-5 (56.7%) (p < 0.025). Being 45−54 years of age (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.47-1.89), having a non-communicable disease diagnosis (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.53-2.12), and smoking >10 cigarettes/bidi per day (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.29-1.60) were significantly associated with HCP advice to quit. Individuals from Scheduled Tribes were less likely to receive HCP advice to quit (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.50-0.71).ConclusionsWhile HCP advice to quit increased from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5, it was limited to those who fit the risk factor profile of a middle-aged male with non-communicable diseases. Although the study is limited by self-reported cross sectional data and survey-item differences between NFHS rounds, our findings present a pressing need for interventions to increase HCP advice to quit to other demographics of men who smoke.

Identification of novel cytogenetic alterations and Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile males.

ABSTRACT This article argues that Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners devises a subjective mode of representation, focusing on West Indian men struggling to settle in 1950s London, to critique and counteract the universalising logic behind racism and discrimination against West Indian and African immigrants in Britain. It analyses how the novel’s emphasis on racial, cultural, gender, geographical and linguistic differences contests universal narratives about the displaced individual. It then examines the novel’s androcentric worldview as part of its critique of racist essentialism, revealing a bind in which it must rely on gender essentialism to sustain that critique.

ABSTRACT The genre of postcolonial Gothic questions imperial power structures and exposes the anxiety and violence embedded in colonization. It combines imperial Gothic tropes with regional narratives. This article analyses two short stories by Satyajit Ray, “Neel Atonko” (The Indigo Terror) and “Khagam”, examining how Bengali horror fiction uses and subverts Gothic tropes through corporeal transformation. It discusses the babu/bhadralok (westernized Indian men) culture from a postcolonial perspective, and argues that the supernatural transformations depicted in the stories indicate the instability of colonial identity. The human body becomes the primary site through which colonial oppression and resistance are portrayed. Using Homi Bhabha’s concept of mimicry, Julia Kristeva’s discussion of the abject, and Xavier Aldana Reyes’s analysis of “body gothic”, this article examines how the stories critique the violence of colonial ideology through postcolonial motifs that situate the white man in a powerless position, thereby challenging established power structures of imperial Gothic.

Male rates of professional mental health help-seeking are always lower, and restrictive masculine norms, especially restrictive emotionality, are found to be the key obstacles. Although the current literature associates emotional inhibition with decreased help-seeking, there is a lack of research on how these processes work in collectivist cultural contexts like India. A quantitative correlational design with 200 participants was used in the current research to examine the connections between restrictive emotionality, perceived social support, and mental help-seeking intentions in Indian men aged 18-35 years. It also tested the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between restrictive emotionality and help-seeking intentions, and the independent predictive role of various sources of support on help-seeking behaviour. The analysis was done using Spearman’s Rank Order Correlations, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis using PROCESS (Model 4). The findings indicated that restrictive emotionality was negatively and significantly related to perceived social support and help-seeking intentions. Nevertheless, perceived social support was not a significant predictor of help-seeking intentions or a mediator of this association. Notably, family support was the only important positive predictor of help-seeking intentions. These results indicate that although emotional restraint compromises help-seeking, family approval that is culturally ingrained is central to the justification of professional psychological assistance. The research identifies the necessity of culturally responsive interventions that would consider masculine emotional norms and involve family systems to encourage Indian men to seek help.

Decomposing the rural-urban variation in obesity prevalence among Indian men: Evidences from the National Family Health Survey

Neuropsychological functioning, metacognitive awareness and mindfulness are central to self-regulatory processes operating across cognitive and affective domains. Although global research on these constructs has increased, integrated evidence from non-Western contexts, particularly India, remains limited. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare neuropsychological functioning, metacognitive awareness and mindfulness in adult Indian men diagnosed with opioid dependence (OD) and healthy male controls. The study also examined the relationships among these constructs within the OD group. A total of 200 adult men aged 25-45 years (mean age = 35 years, SD = 5) participated in the study. The sample included 100 participants diagnosed with OD according to International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) criteria and 100 healthy controls without a history of substance use disorders. Standardised instruments were used to assess neuropsychological functioning, metacognition and mindfulness. Group differences were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with Bonferroni-corrected univariate analyses. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted within the OD group while controlling for demographic variables. Men with OD demonstrated significantly poorer neuropsychological functioning, lower metacognitive awareness and reduced mindfulness compared to controls (all p < .05). Within the OD group, both mindfulness and metacognitive awareness showed positive correlations with neuropsychological functioning. After adjusting for demographic factors, metacognitive awareness exhibited a stronger association with neuropsychological functioning than mindfulness. The findings indicate pronounced self-regulatory deficits in individuals with OD. The results support the inclusion of metacognitive and mindfulness-based components in assessment and rehabilitation programmes, particularly within South Asian cultural contexts.

In the nineteenth century, European antiquarians travelled to India as the territorial rivalry between Britain and Russia for influence over Central Asia, known as the Great Game, raged on. In northwest India, they hunted for antiquities and deposited them in museums in Britain and France. In their antiquarian endeavours, they were supported by local South Asian men, whom they failed to credit for their contribution, resulting in their historical erasure from the canons of the discovery of antiquities. While modern day scholarship has discussed these antiquarians, it has elided over the role of their Indian helpers. This paper corrects these historical erasures by highlighting the role of local Indian and Afghan men in building antiquities collection of European antiquarians in northwest India. It also recounts the story of the earliest Indian collectors of South Asian antiquities, Sayyid Karamat Ali and Mohan Lal Kashmiri, detailing their efforts in collecting objects and surveying historical sites. I show how through close reading and paying attention to the literal margins of texts, we can trace the development of knowledge on South Asian antiquities. These discoveries were not made by the lone European male scholar but crucially relied on Indian and Afghan actors.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of tamsulosin prolonged release (PR) and tadalafil in moderate-severe benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). This was a single-arm, phase IV, prospective clinical trial in sexually active men aged 45–75 years with BPH [International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score ≥ 8] and ED [International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) score ≤ 25] who were taking tamsulosin 0.4 mg PR and tadalafil 5 mg. Eligible patients received FDC of tamsulosin+tadalafil (0.4 + 5 mg) capsules for 12 weeks. The endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), total IPSS, IPSS storage and voiding sub-scores, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual (PVR) volume, IIEF-EF (questions 1–5 and 15) score, and IPSS quality of life (QoL) index. A total of 172 were enrolled. Overall, 12 TEAEs were reported in 10 (5.81%) patients. None of the TEAEs were severe, serious, life-threatening, or required treatment interruption. A statistically significant improvement (p < 0.0001) in total IPSS after 4, 8, and 12 weeks was observed. Similar improvements from baseline were also observed in IPSS storage and voiding sub-scores, IPSS QoL, Qmax, PVR volume, and IIEF-EF (questions 1–5 and 15) score (p < 0.05 for each parameter). The proportion of men with normal erectile function significantly increased at week 12 (p = 0.0003). The FDC of tamsulosin and tadalafil was associated with significant improvements in lower urinary tract symptoms and EF over 12 weeks and was well tolerated in Indian men with moderate-severe BPH and ED. Prospectively registered at Clinical Trials Registry—India on 10th June 2022 [CTRI/2022/06/043152].

Abstract: The United States' Panama Canal construction project (1904–14) relied on West Indian labor. Turning to West Indian workmen's firsthand accounts, this article examines malaria as an unruly, chronic condition marking life and work in Panamá. These laborers navigated canal authorities' efforts to compel them to work despite illness or injury. Contrary to tropes of Black male hyper-ability, West Indian men detailed the vulnerabilities malaria engendered and their practices of resistance.

American Indian (AI) men are disproportionately impacted by prostate cancer (PC) compared to White men and experience the worst PC outcomes of any racial/ethnic group. To address these disparities, it is important to better understand AI men's preferences regarding PC screening. (1) Conduct a literature review, followed by qualitative, culturally responsive formative research with AI men, (2) develop and field a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey to elicit the preferences of AI men toward prostate cancer screening, and (3) identify feasible, culturally appropriate, preference-concordant screening strategies that are targeted for AI men. We have created a scoping literature review to identify previous PC DCEs. We will follow that review by conducting rigorous, theoretically grounded qualitative work to identify plausible DCE attributes and attribute levels among men from the Lumbee Tribe in North Carolina. We will pilot the DCE among Lumbee men to assess cultural responsiveness and comprehension of the choice context and choice tasks. Finally, we will use the DCE methodology to elicit the PC screening preferences among 100 Lumbee men between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Choice data will be analyzed using mixed logit models; trade-offs will be described using marginal rates of substitution. The study was funded in 2024. Formative qualitative research is still ongoing. DCE data is expected to start in April 2026 and end in June 2026. This will be the first study to use a culturally-responsive approach to DCE development in an indigenous population. The findings from this study can be used to educate providers regarding culturally-responsive PC screening and to inform the design of interventions to increase preference-concordant PC screening in AI men. This study has been pre-registered on the OpenScienceFramework (OSF) study protocol registry (osf.io/4gnr2).

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), widely used in men with advanced prostate cancer, has been implicated in cognitive decline. Evidence from Western cohorts remains inconsistent, with limited long-term and India-specific data. We conducted a prospective, observational case-control study between July 2021 and December 2024 with a minimum 36-month follow-up. Men initiating ADT (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues or bilateral orchidectomy) were compared with a control cohort (benign prostatic hyperplasia or postradical prostatectomy without ADT). Groups were matched for age, baseline Addenbrooke's cognitive examination III (ACE-III) score, G8 frailty score, and gait speed. Cognitive assessments were performed every 6 months using the culturally validated Hindi ACE-III tool. The primary outcome was the change in total ACEII score over 36 months; secondary outcomes included domain-wise changes and correlations with frailty and gait speed. Sixty men were enrolled (30 per group); 21 men received ADT, and 23 served as controls, completing follow-up. Over 36 months, both groups showed modest declines in cognition, with a mean decline of -2.30 ± 1.13 for the ADT group and -1.87 ± 1.62 for the control group (P = 0.638). Domain-wise changes (attention, memory, fluency, language, and visuospatial) were small and statistically similar. Stratified analyses by frailty (G8 ≤ 14 vs. >14) and gait speed (≤0.6 m/s vs. >0.6 m/s) revealed parallel trajectories in both groups, with no effect of ADT. In this 36-month prospective study using a culturally validated tool, ADT was not associated with accelerated global or domain-specific cognitive decline compared to a matched cohort without ADT. These findings suggest that in appropriately selected patients, ADT can be administered without undue concern for disproportionate cognitive deterioration.

Abstract This cross-sectional study explores the interaction of conformity to masculine norms, alexithymia, and disclosure of psychological distress in Indian men ( N = 305, 18–60 years). The findings indicated a significant moderate positive relationship between conformity to traditional masculinity and alexithymia ( r = 0.299, P &lt; 0.001), with regression analyses indicating conformity to these norms as a significant predictor of difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions (β = −0.4006, P &lt; 0.001). Negative correlation was evident between masculine norms and distress disclosure ( r = −0.580, P &lt; 0.001), with alexithymia adding further to the nondisclosure of emotions ( r = −0.271, P &lt; 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed alexithymia as a partial mediator, explaining a small but significant proportion of variance in relationship between masculinity and reduced distress disclosure (indirect effect = −0.0233, P = 0.041). This study contributes: (1) scientific evidence of association between adherence to masculine norms and alexithymia and nondisclosure of distress, (2) affirmation of alexithymia’s intermediary role in the masculinity and disclosure distress pathway, and (3) a model for culturally appropriate interventions challenging adherence to traditional masculinity while facilitating emotional literacy to enhance mental well-being of men in India. These findings underscore the importance of adapting tailor-made mental health practices to dismantle systemic barriers in collectivistic cultures to enable men to express distress without compromising cultural identity.

Introduction: Hip fractures in the elderly are a major public health concern due to high morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability. While men have a lower incidence of hip fractures than women, the risk rises sharply with age, and outcomes in men are often worse. Sex steroids (especially estrogen and testosterone) play a crucial role in bone metabolism, but their contribution to osteoporosis and fracture risk in elderly men remains under-investigated, particularly in diverse populations. This prospective case-control study aimed to determine whether serum estradiol and testosterone levels differ significantly between elderly South Indian men with osteoporotic hip fractures and age-matched healthy controls.Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted on men over 55 years of age at a South Indian tertiary hospital (March-May 2022). Fifty men with osteoporotic hip fractures (cases) and 50 age-matched healthy male controls were recruited. Clinical data (age, body mass index, smoking status) were collected, and serum total estradiol and testosterone levels were measured using enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay. Overt androgen deficiency was defined as total testosterone <2 ng/mL, and possible deficiency as 2-4 ng/mL. Group comparisons were performed using independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, with significance set at p<0.05.Results: The majority of hip fracture cases were in the 65-75 years age group (25, 50%). Cases had a high prevalence of low sex hormones: 22 (44%) had overt androgen deficiency and 26 (52%) had possible androgen deficiency, compared to only two (4%) of controls with testosterone <2 ng/mL. Mean serum testosterone in cases was significantly lower than in controls (2.40±1.12 vs. 4.22±1.62 ng/mL, p<0.001), and mean estradiol was also lower in cases (32.07±10.08 vs 41.88±17.99 pg/mL, p=0.008). Low estradiol levels were more frequent in cases: only 21 (42%) of cases had high-normal estradiol (≥34.3 pg/mL) vs. 30 (60%) of controls. There were no significant differences in body mass index or smoking status between cases and controls (p>0.05).Conclusion: Elderly men with hip fractures had significantly lower serum testosterone and estradiol levels than age-matched controls, demonstrating an association between reduced sex hormone levels and hip fracture status. These findings support a possible role of sex hormones in male skeletal health, but causal relationships and therapeutic implications cannot be inferred from this study and require confirmation in larger prospective investigations.

Background: Male tobacco and alcohol use in India represents a substantially greater burden than in females, with consumption rates 4–5 times higher for tobacco and 15–25 times higher for alcohol nationally. These behavioural patterns drive the majority of substance-related cancer burden among Indian men, with significant regional and occupational variations that differ markedly from female-specific risk patterns [1]. Methods: This study integrates nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–2021), Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (2016–2017), and cancer incidence estimates from the National Cancer Registry Programme and GLOBOCAN 2022. Male-specific projections for 2025 were derived by applying age-adjusted incidence rates to population estimates. Population-attributable fractions were calculated using relative risks from international meta-analyses, with gender-comparative analysis to elucidate sex-specific differences in risk drivers [2]. Results: Approximately 712,176 new cancer cases are projected among Indian men in 2025, corresponding to a crude incidence rate of 95.6 per 100,000. Lung, oral cavity, and prostate cancers account for approximately 25% of male cancer cases [2]. Male tobacco uses prevalence ranges from 38% (NFHS-5) to 42.4% (GATS-2), dominated by smokeless forms at 27% but with smoking at 19.2%—substantially higher than female smoking rates [1,3]. Male alcohol consumption ranges from 17.5% to 29.2% nationally, with pronounced regional variation and highest prevalence in northeastern states where consumption exceeds 45% in several districts [4]. An estimated 50–60% of projected male cancers are attributable to tobacco and alcohol exposure, substantially exceeding the 35% attributable fraction observed among females [2,5]. The synergistic interaction between concurrent tobacco and alcohol use markedly amplifies cancer risk, accounting for approximately 62% of oral cancers among men [6]. Regional and occupational disparities reveal concentration of tobacco and alcohol use among manual labourers, agricultural workers, and in specific geographic zones of northeastern India, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana [5]. Conclusion: Despite declining national prevalence of tobacco smoking, male tobacco and alcohol remain overwhelmingly dominant contributors to cancer burden in India, driven by smokeless tobacco persistence, occupational and social normalization of substance use, and regional concentration. Approximately 356,000–427,000 male cancer cases in 2025 are attributable to modifiable tobacco and alcohol exposure [2]. Gender-responsive prevention strategies specifically addressing male occupational contexts, masculinity norms, and regional disparities are essential to mitigate the projected male cancer burden, which exceeds that of females by two- to three-fold for tobacco- and alcohol-related malignancies [1].

To systematically investigate the genetic architecture of severe male infertility in Indian men, with a specific focus on chromosomal abnormalities and the contribution of de novo variants. We recruited 247 infertile males between 2021 and 2024 presenting with severe quantitative and qualitative sperm defects. All patients underwent karyotyping and Y chromosome microdeletion STS-PCR. A single molecule molecular inversion probe-based targeted sequencing assay covering 39 male infertility genes was performed in 120 patients, while whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted in 48 patients using a duo/trio-based approach to enable segregation and de novo variant detection. Gonosomal aneuploidies were observed in 3/247 patients (1.2%, 95% CI 0.3-3.5%) and causal AZF microdeletions in 8/247 (3.2%, 95% CI 1.4-6.3%). Targeted sequencing identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 4/120 patients (3.3%, 95% CI 0.9-8.3%), with additional CFTR variants in 3 patients where parental DNA was unavailable for phasing. WES yielded P/LP variants in 4/48 patients (8.3%, 95% CI 2.3-19.9%) affecting PMFBP1, DNAH1, and AR genes, confirmed via segregation analysis. No de novo or copy number variants were confirmed as causative, though several candidate genes were prioritised. Sequencing-based approaches provided an additional ~ 6-8% diagnostic yield, with the overall diagnostic rate reaching 7.7% (19/247; 95% CI 4.7-11.8%). Sequencing-based strategies, particularly family-based trio WES, significantly enhance diagnostic yield beyond current guideline-recommended tests, with data supporting their adoption as first-tier investigations for severe male infertility. This represents India's largest cohort-based genomic study on male infertility to date. Larger family-based cohorts will be essential to delineate the contribution of de novo variants to male infertility genetics.

SummaryBackgroundThe rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Asia requires risk assessment tools tailored to Asian populations. Therefore, we recalibrated the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations for non-Hispanic Whites (PCE-W) and compared its performance in predicting 10-year CVD risk with two other established CVD prediction models that have been recently recalibrated for Asian populations.MethodsWe used data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (MEC1) and the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) cohort comprising ethnic Chinese, Indian, and Malay participants. The PCE-W was recalibrated using data from MEC1, externally validated in the SEED cohort, and compared against the Singapore-modified Framingham Risk Score (SG-FRS-2023) and the SCORE2 Asia–Pacific model using the concordance index (C-index). Calibration was assessed using the calibration-in-the-large method, the calibration slope, and a goodness-of-fit test.FindingsAll three models demonstrated possibly helpful to clearly useful discrimination in MEC1 and SEED, with overall C-indices ranging from 0.728 to 0.811. The recalibrated PCE-W outperformed the original PCE-W in MEC1 and SEED, although some misestimations remained among Chinese men and women and Malay women (calibration-in-the-large ranged from −0.479 to 0.260). The SG-FRS-2023 displayed generally satisfactory calibration across both MEC1 and SEED but tended to overestimate risk in Chinese (calibration-in-the-large −0.671) and Indian men (calibration-in-the-large −0.214) in the SEED cohort. The SCORE2 Asia–Pacific model performed satisfactorily among Indians but overestimated risk in Chinese (calibration-in-the-large ranged from −0.570 to −1.185) and showed poor model fit in Malays.InterpretationThe recalibrated PCE-W, SG-FRS-2023, and SCORE2 Asia–Pacific model demonstrated possibly helpful to clearly useful discrimination across two multi-ethnic cohorts in Singapore. In terms of calibration, the recalibrated PCE-W and SG-FRS-2023, both recalibrated using local data, performed better than the SCORE2 Asia–Pacific model. Our study supports the use of the established CVD prediction models in Asian populations following appropriate local recalibration.FundingThis work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council and the Singapore 10.13039/501100012415Biomedical Research Council.

Healthcare provider (HCP) advice to quit smoking is an essential component of smoking cessation interventions. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is a periodic health survey of the Indian population. In this cross-sectional analysis we compared NFHS 2015-16 to NFHS 2019-21, and examined the prevalence of the HCP advice to quit tobacco and its associated factors among male cigarette and bidi users. The analytic sample included those who had a HCP visit in the past 12 months. We defined quit advice as receiving any advice to quit smoking from a HCP in the last 12 months ("HCP advice to quit"). We compared sociodemographic characteristics of participants between NFHS-4 and 5. We pooled both samples to conduct multivariate logistic regression analysis for the binary outcome of HCP advice to quit, and examined sociodemographic (age, education, caste, occupation), lifestyle and environmental (smoking frequency, alcohol consumption, second hand smoke exposure), health (non-communicable disease diagnosis), and healthcare use (oral examination, health insurance coverage) factors associated with this outcome. Among cigarette and bidi users visiting a HCP, advice to quit significantly improved from NFHS-4 (54.2%) to NFHS-5 (56.7%) (p < 0.025). Being 45-54 years of age (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.47-1.89), having a non-communicable disease diagnosis (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.53-2.12), and smoking >10 cigarettes/bidi per day (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.29-1.60) were significantly associated with HCP advice to quit. Individuals from Scheduled Tribes were less likely to receive HCP advice to quit (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.50-0.71). While HCP advice to quit increased from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5, it was limited to those who fit the risk factor profile of a middle-aged male with non-communicable diseases. Although the study is limited by self-reported cross sectional data and survey-item differences between NFHS rounds, our findings present a pressing need for interventions to increase HCP advice to quit to other demographics of men who smoke.

Cricket is India's most popular sport, but women's cricket is often overlooked. Women’s cricket started in 1973, even before the men’s World Cup in 1975, but there is still a big gap between male and female cricketers. Men play more matches, get more number of grounds, facilities, and media coverage, while women only get a few series each year mostly at a single venue. Female players have fewer training grounds, less recognition and crowd engagement, which affects their growth and performance. Because of less media attention and public support, women’s cricket is not as popular as men’s cricket. This inequality discourages many women from choosing cricket as a career. Data from 2001-2023 shows that male cricketers in India have been more supported and encouraged than female cricketers.Aims: The study aims to examine the differences in number of matches, grounds availability, Social media fanbase and crowd engagement between male and female national cricketers.Materials and Methods: For the purpose of this study descriptive analysis and percentile method is used.Results: Result shows that the Indian men’s cricket team players dominate and gets more opportunities than Indian women’s cricket team players. In the meantime, the Indian Women’s Cricket team are also growing.Conclusion: Before 2023, Indian women’s cricket team were not getting equal opportunities as compared to their male counterparts. Due to this very less women get inspired to choose cricket sports a career.