Indian Medicine Research Articles (Page 1)

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with a scarcity of effective treatment options and considerable side effects linked to current therapies. Withania somnifera, is rich in phytochemicals that have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting its promise as a natural therapeutic candidate for SLE.MethodsAn in silico methodology explored the therapeutic potential of W. somnifera phytocompounds for SLE. Phytochemicals were obtained from Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutics (IMPPAT) and KNApSAcK databases, followed by virtual screening using SwissADME, MOLSOFT, and ProTox 3.0 to identify drug-like and non-toxic candidates. Target genes were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH, while SLE-associated genes were compiled from GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The intersection of these genes was analyzed to construct a protein-protein interaction network, with hub genes identified through Cytoscape. Molecular docking and 100 ns Molecular Dynamic simulations, with Molecular Mechanics, General Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) free energy calculations, were conducted for lead compounds against top hub proteins.ResultsThe study identified three phytocompounds-vanillic acid, (+)-catechin, and withanolide K-that show favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics. Network analysis identified 161 common target genes, with Caspase 3 (CASP3), HIF1A (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha subunit), Interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), and Interleukin 6 (IL6) as significant hub proteins. Docking studies revealed (+)-catechin and withanolide K have strong binding affinities with IL6 and CASP3. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed complex stability, and MM-GBSA calculations showed favorable binding free energies, especially in (+)-catechin-protein interactions.Conclusions(+)-Catechin and withanolide K are promising biomolecules for SLE, demonstrating a strong binding affinity with key proteins linked to the disease. These results offer a computational basis for experimental validation and the potential development of safer, plant-based therapies for SLE.

Murraya koenigii, commonly known as curry leaf, is a sweet tropical and subtropical plant native to India. It is a large shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves that are extensively used in Indian cuisine for flavoring foodstuffs. Curry leaves are not only a popular ingredient in many South Indian curries but also have numerous health benefits. They are rich in nutrients and can be used as a natural calcium supplement, making them beneficial for women with calcium deficiency and osteoporosis. The leaves are also used externally to cure eruptions and skin problems. The volatile oil extracted from the leaves of Murraya koenigii has been found to have various pharmacological properties, making it useful in the cleaner industry. Curry leaves are an important part of Indian cuisine and traditional medicine, and their nutritional and medicinal value makes them a valuable resource for promoting health and well-being.

Abstract- The AYUSH sector forms a vital part of India’s healthcare system, with medicinal plants serving as the foundation of traditional medicine. To enhance accessibility and awareness, we propose PlantMitra, an interactive knowledge platform that integrates 3D visualization, multilingual and text-to-speech support, multimedia content, and AYUSH-based health remedy recommendations. The system also incorporates a deep learning-based plant image classifier using the Xception architecture pre-trained on ImageNet, achieving a test accuracy of around 98% on the Indian Medicinal Leaves Image Dataset across seven plant species. By combining high-accuracy automated classification with culturally significant knowledge dissemination, PlantMitra addresses the limitations of fragmented digital resources and aligns with the National AYUSH Mission. This demonstrates the potential of AI-driven, user-centric platforms in preserving, promoting, and applying traditional medicinal knowledge within modern healthcare ecosystems. Keywords: AYUSH, Medicinal Plants, Interactive Platform, Deep Learning, Plant Classification, Xception, Herbal Remedies, Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Introduction India has systematically integrated Indian traditional medicine systems Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-rigpa including Homeopathy —collectively known as ‘Ayush’ into its public healthcare delivery. Since upgrading the Department of Ayush to a dedicated Ministry of Ayush in the year 2014, several landmark initiatives have been launched, including the National Ayush Mission (NAM), the establishment of Ayush Health and Wellness Centres under Ayushman Bharat, and the creation of the Ayushman Arogya Mandirs network. These efforts reflect a strategic commitment to enhance primary health care (PHC) by promoting culturally relevant, preventive, and affordable services. Methods This practice and policy review employed a systematic approach to analyze the integration of Ayush into India’s PHC system. Primary and secondary source of data was drawn from national health policies, government reports, international frameworks, and official statistics between 2014 and 2024. Data was analyzed in detail to assess implementation status, infrastructure, global positioning, education, digital integration, and policy challenges. Observations India’s traditional medicine sector includes 12,500 Ayushman Arogya Mandir led by qualified doctors of Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Sowarigpa and homeopathy doctors, 750,000 registered institutionally qualified practitioners, more than 700 Ayush medical colleges and attached hospitals, around 9,000 Ayush drug manufacturing industries, dedicated research councils for ewach of the Ayush system with their peripheral centers, a Pharmacopoeia Commission of Indian systems of Medicine and Homeopathy etc. Moreover, Ayush systems are integrated in 26,636 Primary Health Centres (PHCs), 6,155 Community Health Centres (CHCs), and 759 Districts Hospitals (DH) in the country. Ayush systems are also integrated in health infrastructure under Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Labour Welfare, Ministry of Railways etc. Public health programs targeting maternal health, geriatric care, and non-communicable diseases have incorporated Ayush-based approaches. Internationally, India has established academic collaborations and information cells across 42 countries and academic chairs across 38 countries, while domestic initiatives focus on digital health (Ayush Grid), education reform (NEP 2020), quality assurance, and cross-referral pathways. Inference India’s integrative approach demonstrates how traditional medicine can enhance PHC delivery, particularly in underserved settings. With continued investment in evidence-based practices, regulatory alignment, and inclusive models, Ayush can play a pivotal role in achieving Universal Health Coverage and informing global traditional medicine strategies.

Healing Cancer: A Homoeopathic Approach (Volumes I & II) by Dr. Farokh J. Master is a pioneering contribution to the field of homoeopathic oncology, offering a detailed and integrative perspective on cancer management. Published by B. Jain Publishers in 2019, this two-volume set spans over 920 pages and merges classical homoeopathic principles with contemporary oncological understanding. Volume I lays the scientific and clinical foundation by exploring the pathophysiology, diagnosis, conventional treatments, and integrative therapies related to cancer. It includes discussions on Iscador therapy, lifestyle factors, social challenges, and post-treatment care. Volume II delves into the homoeopathic perspective, covering constitutional remedies, rare and Indian medicines, individualized prescribing, and a rich repertory of cancer symptoms. The volumes are enriched with real clinical cases, therapeutic guidelines, and holistic care strategies. Though the text demands a solid background in homoeopathy and oncology, it remains an indispensable guide for advanced students, practitioners, and researchers committed to delivering compassionate and individualized homoeopathic care in cancer treatment.

Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (FMT) in India is undergoing a paradigm shift, with growing recognition of the need for super-speciality training to address the rising complexity of medico-legal challenges. Advances in Forensic Toxicology, Forensic Pathology, Forensic Radiology, Molecular Diagnostics, and Toxico-genomics, alongside judicial demand for precise scientific evidence, highlight the limitations of existing postgraduate curricula. This editorial article explores the future perspectives of super-speciality courses in FMT in India, examining the need, driving factors, chal \lenges, local and global opportunities. Current developments in premier institutions, including AIIMS and the National Forensic Sciences University, are paving the way for structured super-speciality training, though gaps in infrastructure, faculty expertise, and regulatory frameworks persist. International benchmarks demonstrate the potential for integrat ing advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and digital Forensics into medico-legal practices. Initiation of super-speciality programs may further add value to the subject, strengthen its scope and recognise position of India as a global leader in Forensic field. The future of super specialty courses in Forensic Medicine in India looks promising, with several developments indicating growth and recognition of the field.

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose significant global health challenges, often worsened by the use of certain therapeutic agents and exposure to environmental toxins. This review aims to explore the nephroprotective role of botanicals, specifically focusing on the damage to kidneys caused by prolonged use of modern medicines and environmental toxicants. Main body of the abstract This review provides a detailed overview of Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants (TIMP), highlighting their botanical components and the potential mechanisms through which they offer nephroprotection in cases of chronic kidney disease. The analysis includes existing research studies on the nephroprotective effects of these plants, particularly in the context of both acute and chronic kidney diseases. Findings suggest that botanicals derived from TIMP hold promising potential for developing nephroprotective therapies. Short conclusion Research has shown that TIMP can effectively reduce kidney damage induced by various nephrotoxic agents, as evidenced by studies on animal models. Some of the TIMP with notable potential for treating chronic kidney disease include Camelia sinensis (L.), Nigella sativa (L.), Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.), Daucus carota (L.), Foeniculum vulgare (L.), Glycyrrhiza glabra (L.), and Cucumis sativus (L.). Graphical abstract

BackgroundKyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) remains a significant public health challenge due to the limitations of existing vaccines, creating a critical need for effective antiviral treatments. KFDV is a tick-borne virus responsible for 400–500 new cases annually, with a mortality rate of 3–5%. The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which plays crucial roles in host cell interactions, immune evasion, and viral replication, represents a promising target for antiviral drug development.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify potential antiviral compounds that inhibit the activity of KFDV NS1 protein using a computational pharmacological drug design approach. The objectives include determining the 3D structure of the NS1 protein through homology modeling, conducting virtual screening of phytochemicals to identify potential inhibitors, and performing molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability and binding free energies of the selected compounds.MethodsThe 3D structure of KFDV NS1 protein was predicted using homology modeling and validated using Ramachandran plot analysis. Virtual screening of phytochemicals from the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT) database was performed to identify potential NS1 inhibitors. The top 15 compounds with the highest binding affinities were selected and subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted in duplicates for 200 ns to evaluate the stability of the ligand-NS1 complexes, and an additional independent simulation with randomized initial velocities was performed to ensure statistical robustness. Binding free energies were calculated using the molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) method to determine the binding strength of each compound.ResultsThe 3D structure of the KFDV NS1 protein was determined using I-Tasser-MTD, Robetta, and Swiss Model servers, and a minimized model of I-Tasser, achieving an ERRAT score of 94.37, was selected. Virtual screening of 11,530 phytochemicals from the IMPPAT database identified the top 115 compounds after three screening phases. Out of the 15 screened compounds, L2, L3, and L5 demonstrated notable binding affinities of −9.34, −9.12, and −9.08 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to the FDA-approved antiviral dasabuvir, which had a binding affinity of −8.0 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of compounds L2 (IMPHY010294), L3 (IMPHY001281), L5 (IMPHY011162), and dasabuvir, with free-energy binding values of −62.97 ± 4.0, −77.22 ± 4.71, −62.07 ± 2.88, and −87.68 ± 4.31 kcal/mol, respectively.ConclusionThe computational analysis suggests that compounds L2 and L3 have strong binding affinities comparable to dasabuvir, indicating their potential as pharmacological inhibitors of the KFDV NS1 protein. Further validation through in vitro assays would complement these in silico findings.

Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia is a well-known medicinal plant in traditional Indian medicine, valued for its rich phytochemical composition. Among its therapeutic properties, its antioxidant potential has gained attention for possible health and medicinal applications. Methods: The study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of methanolic stem extracts of T. cordifolia and its bioactive compound, berberine. Five standard in vitro assays were employed: DPPH, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, superoxide scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The activity of methanol extracts was compared with fractions prepared using chloroform, dichloromethane, and hexane. Results: The methanol extract demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity than the other fractions, with activity increasing in a concentration-dependent manner (0.02–0.1 mg/mL). The antioxidant effect of the methanol extract was comparable to that of isolated berberine, indicating that both possess strong free radical scavenging properties. Conclusion: The findings confirm that T. cordifolia stems are a rich source of antioxidant phytochemicals. Both the methanolic extract and berberine show potential as natural antioxidant agents, supporting their possible use in medicinal formulations.

Cichorium intybus, a biennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, has been widely utilized in traditional Indian medicine for its tonic, anti-acne, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Despite its known medicinal benefits, the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities require further exploration to validate their therapeutic potential. Our aim is to investigate the molecular docking interactions and antioxidant potential of an isolated bioactive compound from Cichorium intybus seeds, with a focus on its role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver. The compound was isolated using ethanol extraction, followed by phytochemical screening, TLC, column chromatography, and identification through FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies were conducted using Schrödinger Suite to analyze interactions with PPARα. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, with results compared through Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) values. Esculetin, the isolated compound, exhibited strong binding affinity with PPARα (XP GScore: -7.0 kcal/mol). Antioxidant assays showed moderate activity, with DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) of 10.37% and ABTS RSA of 7.445%. The TEAC values were 13.23 μmol/mg and 21.930 μmol/mg, respectively, indicating its potential antioxidant efficacy. Esculetin from Cichorium intybus showed moderate antioxidant activity and strong PPARα binding, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings align with existing research but require validation through in vivo studies to confirm efficacy and elucidate biological mechanisms. Esculetin demonstrates significant potential as a bioactive antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent, supporting its relevance for further pharmacological and therapeutic investigations.

Targeted isolation of new antibacterial sesquiterpene coumarins from ammoniacum (Ferula communis L.).

Daily intranasal sesame oil instillation to improve nasal barrier function and mucosal immunity for respiratory health: A pilot randomized trial in healthy adults.

The Impact of Indian Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms on Human Health- An Overview

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus, member of ESKAPEE pathogens is a noteworthy contributor to the global crisis rising due to antimicrobial resistance. Biofilms are the primary reason behind the increased antibiotic resistance and tolerance of pathogens. Hence targeting bacterial biofilms has been prioritized as an alternative strategy to counter antibiotic resistance. Aegle marmelos has gained prominence in Indian traditional medicine as seeds, fruits, leaves, bark and roots of this plant are being in use extensively in treating several kinds of ailments by the inhabitants of this subcontinent due to its ethno-pharmacological relevance. The fruit of this plant has been found with remarkable anti-bacterial properties along with other therapeutic efficacies. The present study aimed to identify the anti-biofilm potential of methanolic fruit extract of Aegle marmelos (AMFE) against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus strains as a resort to counter the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance for alternative approaches.ResultsMBIC and MBEC of AMFE ranged between 100 and 200 µg.mL−1 and 300–500 µg.mL−1, respectively. AMFE could substantially reduce the carbohydrate and protein content of the exo-polymeric substance (EPS), crucial for biofilm production. Expressions of major biofilm promoting genes icaAD and its accessory sarA were down-regulated upon AMFE treatment as revealed from qRT-PCR analysis whereas the quorum sensing gene agr that promotes biofilm detachment was up-regulated. Fluorescence, scanning electron and atomic force microscopic studies confirm the reduction of biofilm biomass upon AMFE treatment. Up to 10 mg.mL−1 AMFE was non-toxic to human lymphocytes with cell viability of 75.35%. GC-MS and FT-IR studies could detect the bioactive components where 9-octadecenoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl 4,7,10- hexadecatrienoate were the major components.ConclusionAnti-biofilm activity of AMFE towards MDR S. aureus have been established through in vitro biochemical and gene expression studies that were further substantiated by microscopic studies which reveal that AMFE could be explored in the management of S. aureus-associated infections.

This study aimed to explore the perceptions and clinical experiences of Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda practitioners in Malaysia regarding the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the treatment of epilepsy. An exploratory qualitative design was employed. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with purposively sampled Ayurveda practitioners (n=8; 5 males and 3 females; mean age = 45.1 ± 8.3 years) with a minimum of 5 years of clinical experience specifically in managing patients with epilepsy using CAM approaches. A semi-structured topic guide explored their diagnostic approaches, treatment practices, perceived effectiveness, and professional interactions. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using an inductive approach. Five major themes were identified: (1) perceived value and limitations of CAM, (2) therapeutic relationship and communication, (3) individualized treatment and clinical decision-making, (4) integration with other health systems, and (5) impact on patient outcomes. Practitioners highlighted Ayurvedic medicines' holistic character, relaxing and purifying properties, and few side effects. Treatments were tailored to pulse diagnosis, patient behaviour, and physical and psychological features. Patient care was said to require trust and emotional rapport, participants said. Some reported growing acceptance from biomedical experts'. Reduced seizure frequency, emotional stability, and quality of life, especially in youngsters, were frequently mentioned as positive outcomes. Ayurveda practitioners view CAM as a flexible, patient-centered supplement to traditional therapy. Epilepsy care requires personalisation, therapeutic alliance, and cultural relevance, according to their findings. These findings suggest exploring integrative care approaches that incorporate traditional healing practices in culturally varied environments.

Herbal medicines are increasingly sought after across both developed and developing nations for primary healthcare needs, largely due to their proven efficacy, favourable safety profiles, and minimal adverse effects. In the traditional system of Indian medicine, Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is one of the important neuro-nutrient herbs (Medhya Rasayana) mentioned in Ayurveda texts. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a perennial herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region and parts of Asia. The plant’s root is the primary component used in herbal formulations, valued for its broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. Acharya Charak had mentioned about four Medhya Rasayanas specifically, in which Yastimadhu is one of them, which are traditionally recommended for enhancing cognitive functions, improving concentration, boosting intelligence, and supporting overall mental performance. Glycyrrhiza glabra contains a diverse array of bioactive chemical constituents that contribute to enhanced brain function and cognitive performance. Among these are L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine (including its more bioavailable form, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine), both of which are associated with cognitive enhancement. Along with its nootropic effects, it is also acclaimed for its hepatoprotective effects, gastroprotective effects, expectorant properties, neuroprotective actions, antiviral efficacy, anticancer potential, and anti-inflammatory activity.

Emblica officinalis (Amla), a cornerstone of traditional Indian medicine, has gathered significant scientific attention for its diverse pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. It is rich in ascorbic acid and a wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Amla exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial effects. Contemporary research has increasingly validated its traditional uses and demonstrated its efficacy in managing a range of chronic and non-communicable diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, dyslipidemia, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, its adaptogenic and metabolic resilience-enhancing properties further underscore its value in preventive healthcare. This narrative review critically synthesises literature on the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical relevance of E. officinalis, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. The review also identifies existing research gaps and outlines directions for future investigation, positioning Amla as a promising candidate in the development of natural, safe, and effective therapeutic agents. Major Findings: Amla (Emblica officinalis) is a rich source of vitamin C, polyphenols, and tannins, exhibiting strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Preclinical and clinical studies support its benefits in managing lifestyle-related disorders such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative conditions. Despite its therapeutic promise, wider use is limited by taste, awareness, and accessibility, highlighting the need for innovative formulations and large-scale clinical validation.

Two children aged <5 years presented with paraesthesias, limb pain, behavioural disturbances, weight loss and poor sleep for 2.5 months and had hypertension on examination.Extensive evaluation for aetiologies of hypertension, including catecholamine-secreting and neural crest tumours, cardiac, endocrine and renal causes, was inconclusive.History subsequently revealed the use of alternative Indian medicine in both children. Heavy metal toxicity was suspected and was confirmed with elevated 24-hour urinary mercury levels. Both children responded well to chelation therapy with dimercaprol and had resolution of symptoms on follow-up.These two cases highlight that heavy metal toxicity in children is an evolving health concern of global importance. Hence, knowledge about the presence of heavy metals as an ingredient in some alternative medicines, seeking history about their usage and suspecting the varied clinical manifestations of heavy metal toxicity is essential while evaluating a child with uncontrolled hypertension.

Perspectives and dietary management of excess weight in polycystic ovary syndrome: A focus group study with clinicians of traditional Indian medicine.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, affecting millions globally-especially women. The rising resistance to conventional antibiotics has encouraged the exploration of traditional medicinal plants as alternative therapies. Aerva lanata, commonly known as mountain knot grass, is a well-known herb in traditional Indian and African medicine, often used to treat kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and other urological conditions. This review aims to consolidate current research on the pharmacological properties of Aerva lanata. The plant is rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds, and it exhibits anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and anti-urolithiasis properties. While traditional use and preclinical studies support its therapeutic role in UTIs, further clinical trials are necessary to validate its efficacy, safety, and appropriate dosage in humans. This review brings together current scientific evidence and ethnomedical knowledge, highlighting Aerva lanata as a promising natural remedy for urinary tract infections