The Colonial Construction of Indian Country: Native American Literatures and Federal Indian Law

Despite extensive and multigenerational efforts by the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes to educate the larger public about the sovereign right and authority of Cherokee governments to determine affiliation, well over a million unaffiliated and unsubstantiated American claimants still declare Cherokee heritage in official records, deforming public understanding and reinforcing dangerously anti-Native racial logics. This article considers the problems associated with the “Cherokee” population categories in the 2020 U.S. census, its relationship to genealogical stereotypes in mainstream family history research, its dangers to Cherokee nationhood, and its consequences for Indian Country as a whole.

Sherman Institute in Riverside, California, was one school in a system of hundreds run or funded by the U.S. federal government as strategies deployed to obtain land, assimilate Native American peoples, and minimize Native nations’ sovereignty increasingly shifted to the classroom. Schools designed to eradicate Indigenous identities and supplant them with Euro-American ones became one of the federal government’s weapons of choice. Sherman and the other institutions were lethal. Sherman’s superintendents violated Indian Office health protocols, jeopardizing the health of the children and young adults in their custody. Declassified documents, many new to boarding school studies, also attest that, between 1902 and 1934, superintendents hid Sherman’s lethality by underreporting deaths, failing to report outbreaks, and sending ill children home to die. Extant sources reveal a complex picture of health at the institution. Diseases like influenza, measles, mumps, and typhoid fever were so deadly at Sherman because of environmental factors, comorbidities, and sequelae. School officials exacerbated the threat posed by these invisible enemies, while nonlethal diseases, outbreaks, and epidemics taxed the school’s ability to care for children in custody. Outbreaks also contributed to the higher incidence of tuberculosis, the most devastating disease throughout Indian Country, as it could more readily infect immunocompromised humans. The benefits of bridging the nexus between studies of health and Native American history reveal profound new understandings of the role of diseases in boarding schools. Newly opened archival collections, relentless sleuthing, and the historical epidemiological methodology employed here reveal Sherman to be significantly more lethal than previously understood.

A Southern Underground Railroad: Black Georgians and the Promise of Spanish Florida and Indian Country by Paul M. Pressly (review)

ABSTRACT In the early twentieth century, automotive tourism became a leisurely distraction for those who could afford automobiles and had the leisure time to travel – mainly white, heteronormative, patriarchal American families, who enjoyed traveling the newly-constructed roads through the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated this park in 1940, he expressed relief that the threat faced by the settler colonial white pioneers of this region, mainly hostile Indians, was gone – as were the Indians themselves. Yet these roads traverse Indian Country, specifically the ancient tribal lands of the Cherokee, and lead right to the current tribal boundary of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, that remnant of the Cherokee who escaped Indian Removal, in part due to the martyrdom of one of their own – Tsali. Roosevelt’s refusal to recognize the ongoing existence and proximity of the tribe and their story denotes another silencing of their voices in another example of settler colonialist ideology and practice. This article examines historical memory, erasure, and the whitewashing of American history as it relates to tourism, Indigenous sovereignty, Indian Removal, and dispossession. Through the lens of haunting, the ghost of Tsali still resides and wanders through his mountain homeland.

The current study undertakes a bibliometric examination to analyze the emerging intersection of green finance and environmental monitoring, two critical areas that are driving the global agenda for sustainability. Based on evidence from the Scopus database and visualization using VOSviewer, the study investigates 20 years of scholarly articles to identify major authors, institutions, countries, and thematic groups. The findings of the research pinpoint a discernible chronological development—early research into pollution detection and environmental monitoring systems giving way to subsequent emphasis on financial tools such as green bonds, sustainable development investments, and decentralized finance. Keyword co-occurrence and overlay visualization show how environmentally pertinent data increasingly is being made part of financial decision-making and policy-making. In addition, the study reveals Chinese, American, Indian, and certain European country regional leadership in terming the story. Findings reveal theoretical and empirical contributions through the convergence of environmental science and financial innovation, as well as discovering limitations towards database scope and metrics by citation. Lastly, the study provides a strategic model for scholars, investors, and policymakers seeking to align environmental intelligence with sustainable finance practice.

This essay is a result of a six-month study conducted to gain insight into the gap between the use of plants and practice of culture, and community health. If we can clarify connections filling the gap, I reasoned, then myriad other community health initiatives could draw on this important dimension of the human experience for the tangible improvement of health. For several years I had witnessed the cultural renaissance emerging in Salish country and plants education was at its nexus. In conducting this ethnographic study, I had hoped to gain insight into the transformative potential of ethnobotanical education in practice.Viewing Indian country through the lense of diabetes, a powerful story unfolds. It’s a story of historical trauma, abuse and genocide; of social construction and metaphors of health and illness; and of the role of plants in building connections to habitat, place, ancestry, and culture. Most of all, it’s a story of being called home by the place, and reconnecting with the wealth of who we are.

Graduate Medical Education in Indian Country: Addressing Workforce Shortages and Improving Health Outcomes

The Colonial Construction of Indian Country: Native American Literatures and Federal Indian Law

In recent years, cannabis has sparked both curiosity and controversy due to its purported benefits and risks. Cannabis remains the most widely used drug globally, and its use is increasing, possibly due to greater access, changing cultural perceptions, and evolving legislation. The National Household Survey of Drugs in India reveals that approximately 3% of the Indian population are current cannabis users. Across 16 Asian countries, cannabis use prevalence ranges from 0.30% to 19.10%. Cannabis continues to be a widely used recreational drug in India and across Asia. Notably, Thailand became the first country in Asia to legalize the use and purchase of cannabis leaves in February 2021, followed by the legalization of the whole plant in June 2022. While India’s Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1985 permits cannabis use for medical and scientific research, recreational use remains prohibited. There are concerns about the potential gateway effect of cannabis use, which could lead to the consumption of more harmful substances. With cannabis legalization spreading globally and its influence extending to Asian countries, it is crucial to evaluate whether the perceived benefits outweigh the risks. In fact, multiple petitions have been filed in High Courts advocating for the decriminalization of cannabis use, highlighting its medicinal, industrial, ecological, and economic potential. However, it is important to assess with longitudinal research the potential benefits and risks of recreational cannabis use in Indian and Asian countries. The current evidence does not strongly support significant health benefits. However, factors such as social perception, economic considerations, religious beliefs, and cannabis’s cultural role make it difficult to clearly determine whether the benefits outweigh the risks.

The article investigates how crisis response strategy is influenced by pre-crisis reputation and country of origin during (COO) during crisis. A quasi-experimental study was undertaken to test this influence in Indian versus Non-Indian countries. Countries with positive national identity can withstand the crisis situation better than one with a negative or neutral identity. Based on the COO, companies can choose a less accommodative crisis response strategy like diminishing rather than rebuilding to quell the crisis impact. It provides an understanding of how crisis managers can select the most appropriate response strategy during crisis.

Abstract This study examines the factors that influence the use of declination powers by U.S. Attorney Offices (USAO) in Indian Country (IC) cases. The research aims to shed light on the tribal law enforcement factors that influence the actions of USAOs in IC cases. The study utilizes the “National Caseload Data” to identify crimes that occurred in IC and whether the USAO declined to prosecute a case. The findings suggest tribes with larger law enforcement forces and external funding to improve their criminal justice system have significantly lower rates of declination. The study also examines the effects of the Tribal Law and Order Act (TLOA) on the rates of declination of IC cases. The findings suggest there are clear differences in these effects as a function of the passage of TLOA. Overall, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the challenges and opportunities in the criminal justice system in IC.

Dairy products play a vital role in every individual of the Indian country. Everyone may consume the dairy knowingly and unknowingly in different ways and in different consistency like solid, semi-solid and liquid forms. Despite the benefits of dairy products, their consumption has dropped over the past decade. It may be attributed to changes in consumer behavior and the low shelf life of fresh dairy. The main objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence consumer preferences for dairy products. This study was conducted during the years 2020 to 2021 to find out the major objectives, and the data was collected from the 120 sample respondents through random sampling method during the months of November and December of 2020. Tools such as percentage analysis and factor analysis were used to analyse the factors influencing the consumers’ choice preferences of dairy products, and twenty-eight statements were used related to consumer choice. The factors influencing the consumer choice and preferences are emotional factor, nutrient factor, promotional, packaging factors, affordable price factor, conditional factor, taste factor, diet factor, social factor and self-motivational factor. Emotional and nutritional factors are the most influential components, explaining why people are most concerned about their health. It is highly important for increasing all the nutrients in the dairy product. This study provides useful information for dairy producers and marketers to frame strategies that align with evolving consumer preferences. Understanding key influencing factors enables stakeholders to enhance product formulation, packaging, and promotional efforts to attract and retain consumers.

This article illuminates how a constellation of swindlers engaged in Native American land claims litigation scams in California for personal gain. Rev. Frederick G. Collett and a pyramid-scheme group called the Homesteaders, Inc., were able to take advantage of major policy shifts regarding California Indian land claims and restitution to embezzle from and swindle Indigenous people who entrusted them to represent their interests. In the process, this article suggests, their financial opportunism opened the door to surprising and uncomfortable alliances. By exploring these dimensions of organizing around the land claims cases and the opportunism that emerged alongside Native efforts for land restitution, this article demonstrates how the politics of Indian Country during a crucial part of the twentieth century was forced to split its focus due to endemic predatory practices. Using newspapers and archival sources from inter-tribal organizations like the California Indian Brotherhood and California Indian Rights Association, this essay incorporates the perspectives from Native Americans fighting against those they saw as interlopers between 1920 and 1945. In the end, Native American organizers spent decades fighting within a convoluted federal legal process for restitution for lost land while also fighting tooth and nail against the endemic financial opportunism the needlessly complex restitution process engendered.

A Southern Underground Railroad: Black Georgians and the Promise of Spanish Florida and Indian Country, by Paul M. Pressly

In the Indian country, more than 55 per cent of people are depending on agriculture. So the seed sowing machine is important to the farmers. The design and development of a seed loading mechanism for a tractor- operated seed sowing machine aim to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of seed planting in agricultural fields. So we research and make a seed loading mechanism. The mechanism is designed to automate the process of loading seed into the sowing machine, minimising human labour and reducing times. So the systems will come to a market, so their selling is very fast, which means some farmers will buy a new product, and the system's design focuses on durability and ease of operation. Keyword: seed sowing machine, Agriculture, mechanism.

Initiating Research in Indian Country: Lessons From the Strong Heart Study.

Replanting Cultures: Community-Engaged Scholarship in Indian Country

Choctaw Confederates: The American Civil War in Indian Country

Tripling of MJO residence time over the rapidly warming Indian Ocean during summer monsoon.