Indian Case Research Articles

Book review: Simy Joy, Payal Anand, and Priya Nair Rajeev, Indian Cases in Organizational Behaviour: Insights for Leading Individuals and Teams

Simy Joy, Payal Anand, and Priya Nair Rajeev, Indian Cases in Organizational Behaviour: Insights for Leading Individuals and Teams. New Delhi: Pearson India, 2024. 148 pp., ₹299.00 (Paperback). ISBN-10: 8119847112; ISBN-13: 9788119847112.

Technological progress: Interconnectedness, innovation systems, and technology delivery systems the case of Indian electric vehicles

The electric vehicle (EV) technological supply chain progresses when demand (pull) aligns with supply (push) to perform as a technology delivery system. Actors, institutions, and networks interconnect the technological supply chain with innovation as responses to external pressures to produce and deliver technology products/services. The literature separately examined the progress from a delivery perspective (linking the demand and supply network) and a systems perspective that examines technological change as a socio-technical system. Technological progress requires changes aligning push and pull or one feeding into the other. The ‘motors of innovation’ that shape the innovation system are used in systems dynamics modeling linking technological changes and progress. This study uses ‘motors of innovation’ to combine the two perspectives and uses interconnectedness to examine the alignment of push and pull and the resulting delivery phenomena. The phenomena require studying it in its settings with diverse heuristic and analytic views. Therefore, this study uses case study methodology and selects multiple Indian EV cases comprising all vehicle segments in a government direct market scenario. It makes two contributions to technological progress: one defines the combined delivery and systems perspective and includes interconnectedness. The other is moving knowledge to a broad scope and expertise and striving for interconnectedness with other systems. Further insights are possible with cases that display better technological progress, as findings noted poor interconnectedness with limited technological capability and infrastructure.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19-PIMS-grade 3: A Case Report

Background: In the face of the rise of COVID-19, the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 has been reported, and an increase in MIS-C cases has been observed throughout the world. The majority of these cases were similar to Kawasaki disease concerning clinical presentation. Case Presentation: Despite similarities, MIS-C cases present clinical and laboratory differentiation, which makes it essential to portray similar cases worldwide to have a better consensus in the future. A 7-year-old male child visited the hospital with the chief complaints of fever associated with chills, rigors, and excessive myalgia for 3 days. He had a history of elevated high C-reactive protein (CRP) of 42.7 mg/L. He was diagnosed with Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS)-grade 3. Here, for the first time, we bring an Indian MIS-C case with COVID-19-associated Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS)-grade 3. Conclusion: PIMS-TS infection in paediatrics is associated with a wider range of complications, and the importance of musculoskeletal complications in PIMS-TS has been discussed.

Comparing Rhetoric in Antiquity: The Greek and Indian Cases in Perspective

Abstract The understanding of rhetoric has been heavily influenced by the Western tradition, particularly the Greco-Latin tradition. Rhetoric was traditionally considered a creation of the Greeks and a unique feature of the West. However, theoretical perspectives such as Axial Age, Comparative History, Global History, and Comparative World Rhetoric offer new insights into the relationship between communication and persuasion. This paper aims to compare certain characteristics of Greek rhetoric and Indian rhetoric using the perspective of Comparative World Rhetoric. To do this, I analysed the Vedic texts, Aristotle’s Rhetoric, and the Nyāya Sūtra. I concluded that the comparison was a fundamental aspect of the rhetorical exercise in antiquity, as it allowed the speaker to better connect with the audience.

Meta-analysis of welfare policy on “food security”: an Indian case (1990–2021)

Meta-analysis of welfare policy on “food security”: an Indian case (1990–2021)

Global Warming in Interaction with Domestic and Foreign Investment: The Indian Case Study

Human actions have a substantial impact on the global environment. The depletion of the ozone layer due to the use of chlorofluorocarbons and the threat of global warming due to the accumulation of "greenhouse gases," carbon dioxide and methane that is released in agriculture, energy production, and transportation are few prominent illustrations of damages to the environment. The advent of these unprecedented repercussions of human activities on a global scale eventually directs to a complex economic policy in the world. Hence, the policies to promote economic growth, equity, trade, and technological change to have a significant impact on the global environmental scenario. Purpose: In this respect, the current study concentrates on the financial activities by a country, specifically, India, in relation to the global warming. The major financial activities in a country are based on domestic as well as foreign investment. The source of the domestic financial investment activities, known as Domestic Investment (DI), considered here are investment in plant, machinery, and equipment purchase. While the source of foreign investment is specified as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Methodology: The study applies Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to find the co-integration between the three variables. Further, the long run impact of domestic investment and short run impact of FDI on carbon dioxide emission are found to be present. Finding: The study finds significant environmental impact of domestic and foreign investment in India. Implication: Further, the study provides important policy implication by suggesting reducing the usage of carbon emission through fossil fuel to improve long run sustainable development in India.

Somatic mutational landscape across Indian breast cancer cases by whole exome sequencing

Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as the most common malignancy among females. The genomic profile of BC is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among various geographically different ethnic groups. The primary objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive mutational analysis of Indian BC cases by performing whole exome sequencing. The cohort included patients with a median age of 48 years. TTN, TP53, MUC16, SYNE1, and OBSCN were the frequently altered genes found in our cohort. The PIK3CA and KLC3 genes are driver genes implicated in various cellular functions and cargo transportation through microtubules, respectively. Except for CCDC168 and PIK3CA, several gene pairings were found to be significantly linked with co-occurrence. Irrespective of their hormonal receptor status, RTK/RAS was observed with frequently altered signaling pathways. Further analysis of the mutational signature revealed that SBS13, SBS6, and SBS29 were mainly observed in our cohort. This study supplements the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers and provides new therapeutic options for the improved management of BC.

Fiscal and monetary policy regimes: New evidence from India

The paper examines how fiscal and monetary policy coordination in India stabilizes macroeconomic fundamentals. We consider two coordinating fiscal and monetary policy regimes, the “Indian Fiscal” (IF) and M regime and then examine the transmission of public expenditure (PE) shock across these regimes. Monetary policy in the IFregime supports fiscal policy in debt stabilization by reducing interest rates. The M regime fiscal policy supports monetary policy in curbing inflation through fiscal consolidation drives. The IF regime is more conducive to the Indian economy as PE stimulus accelerates economic activity without causing high inflationary and high debt scenarios. In contrast, the M regime has a crowding out effect on PE stimulus while worsening the government's fiscal space. The findings indicate that in the Indian case, the monetary authority should maintain its accommodative stance on PE stimulus.

Analysing Post-Pandemic Female Labour Force Participation and Intra-Household Dynamics Through the Lens of Social Reproduction: The Indian Case

The coronavirus pandemic has adversely impacted women in both the productive and the reproductive realms of the Indian economy. While more women are observed to have lost their jobs, household and care work burden increased for all classes of women at least in the initial lockdown period. In this article, we put forth possible scenarios that can arise in the post-pandemic Indian economy regarding female labour force participation and intra-household dynamics, using social reproduction theory as our analytical framework. We posit that the pandemic will distress-drive women to participate in the labour force. Also, female formal workers who lost or quit their jobs during the crisis period may completely withdraw from the labour force if their spouses retain their jobs. Further, financial constraints can increase the incidences of spousal violence for female informal workers. Finally, social reproduction duties will intensify for female informal workers. While this can hold for female formal workers, their burden may be relieved through the hiring of domestic help.

Lifecycle assessment on construction and demolition waste management-an Indian case study

Lifecycle assessment on construction and demolition waste management-an Indian case study

Leigh like phenotype secondary to 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency: A first Indian case

Leigh like phenotype secondary to 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency: A first Indian case

Handling bioenergy sector uncertainties with carbon credit revenue in developing nation’s economy: an Indian case study

Handling bioenergy sector uncertainties with carbon credit revenue in developing nation’s economy: an Indian case study

Clinicopathologic study of caruncular lesions.

The caruncle is a unique anatomical site in the human body, comprising various structures derived from the surface ectoderm and mesoderm. Caruncular lesions can range from benign to malignant and present challenges in accurate diagnosis and timely management due to their hidden nature and proximity to the lacrimal sac. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of caruncular lesions, presenting the first Indian case series on this topic. Ethical approval was obtained, and data collection was conducted at a tertiary care center in India. A retrospective analysis was performed on 44 patients with caruncular lesions treated between 2013 and 2020. Detailed patient histories, clinical examinations, slit lamp imaging, and excision biopsies were conducted. Histopathological examination of the specimens was carried out. The study included 42 cases of caruncular lesions, with a mean age of 31.09 years. The majority of cases were male (54.54%). Benign lesions accounted for 84.09% of the cases, while premalignant and malignant lesions accounted for 11.36% and 4.54%, respectively. Papilloma and nevus were the most common lesions, with 11 cases each. All caruncular lesions were successfully and completely excised without complications. Histopathological examination confirmed the accuracy of the diagnoses, with an 84.09% concordance rate between clinical assessment and pathological diagnosis. This case series reveals a predominance of benign lesions among individuals in their early thirties. The successful excision of all lesions with a high concordance rate between clinical assessment and histopathological diagnosis underscores the importance of timely and accurate management.

Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of DYT-TUBB4A with seven patients from India

BackgroundVariants in the TUBB4A gene are associated with dystonia (DYT-TUBB4A), Hypomyelination with Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC) and spastic paraplegia. Phenotypes intermediate to these three broad phenotypes are also observed. These are rare disorders, and data from diverse populations remains limited. We report seven Indian cases with dystonia phenotype related to TUBB4A mutation. CasesAmong these seven patients, age at onset ranged from 5 to 48 years. Five patients had cranio-cervical onset of dystonia. One patient had prominent parkinsonism with dystonia. Patients responded well to botulinum toxin injected for laryngeal, cervical and jaw dystonia. The patient with parkinsonism responded well to levodopa, albeit with development of dyskinesias. Apart from the common p.Arg2Gly variant in three patients with DYT-TUBB4A, other variants included p.Arg262Pro, p.Arg39Cys and p.Asp245Asn. ConclusionsWe report the first collection of cases with TUBB4A mutation from India. We expand the phenotype to include levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. Indian patients, consistent with global literature, harbor prominent adductor dysphonia, cervical and jaw dystonia, which responds well to botulinum treatment.

First Thousand Cases of Intracranial Radiosurgery Treated with Gamma Knife at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Abstract Purpose We present the profile of first 1,000 cases of intracranial radiosurgery (IRS) treated with Gamma Knife system at a government-funded tertiary care hospital in India. In addition to the information on the indications treated, this study provides an idea of the relevance of the Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) for IRS in the fast-changing technological scenario. This study also shows the disease indications for which GKRS was the primary treatment preference. Materials and Methods Leksell Gamma Knife model 4C was used for GKRS. Leksell G-frame-based stereotactic localization was used for all patients. Axial magnetic resonance imaging scans were used for treatment planning with additional two-dimensional angiography images for patients treated for arteriovenus malformations (AVM). The patient population treated with GKRS at our center mainly comprised of patients referred from across the country. Results Acoustic schwannoma formed the largest group of patients (27%) followed by meningioma (21%), AVM (18%), pituitary adenoma (16%), brain metastasis (5.3%), trigeminal neuralgia (3%), cavernoma (2.4%), glomus jugulare (1.8%), craniopharyngioma (1.1%) and “others” (5%). Conclusion The case mix at our center is similar to the overall Indian case mix. However, it is different from the Asian data of 2018 but interestingly similar to the data from Middle East and Africa for 2018. Among the various categories of cranial disorders treated by us, pituitary adenoma tumors had minimum (14/161) and cavernoma tumors had maximum (24/24) proportion of cases managed with GKRS as primary treatment modality.

Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis Masquerading as Isolated Fetal Femoral Fracture: First Indian Case Report and Review of Literature

AbstractMalignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare case of isolated fetal femoral fracture, a scarcely documented phenomenon in medical literature. Through detailed examination and genetic testing, it unveils malignant infantile osteopetrosis as an unexpected etiology, challenging existing diagnostic paradigms. This groundbreaking case emphasizes the critical role of genetic testing in unraveling complex fetal anomalies and underscores the necessity for comprehensive approaches in prenatal diagnostics, offering new insights into prenatal manifestations of skeletal dysplasias.

NELL-1–associated membranous nephropathy linked to skin fairness cream use: insights from an Indian case series

NELL-1–associated membranous nephropathy linked to skin fairness cream use: insights from an Indian case series

Unfolding rotational tectonics and topographic evolution from localized verses diffuse plate boundary counterparts

We present a kinematic model developed from geodetic observations, topography analysis and analogue tectonic modelling results, which reveals a striking similarity between the rotational tectonic settings of the Gakkel Ridge-Chersky Range system in the Arctic, and the Central Indian Tectonic Zone within the Indian subcontinent. A crucial aspect of large-scale extensional rift systems is the gradual variation of extension along the rift axis, due to plate rotation about a Euler pole, which may lead to contraction on the opposite side of the Euler pole to form a rotational tectonic system. Our geodetic and topographic analysis, combined with the reanalysis of analogue tectonic modelling results demonstrates such rotational tectonic plate motion in both the Arctic and Indian case. However, the plate boundary between the North American and Eurasian Plates as represented by the Arctic Gakkel Ridge-Chersky Range system is strongly localized, whereas the Central Indian Tectonic Zone that separates the North and South India Plates involves diffuse deformation instead. Furthermore, in both the Arctic and Central Indian we find that the relative Euler rotation pole is located near an indenter-like feature, which possibly controls the present-day rotational tectonics and contrasting topography on opposite sides of the Euler pole.

Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy-Beyond the Known Horizon, India's First Multifaceted Institutional Experience.

Background: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, the clinical phenotype of which includes meningoencephalitis, myelitis, optic neuritis, seizures, movement disorders, autonomic dysfunction among others, affecting people across all ages. Due to its recent discovery, there is a paucity of literature on this topic and an absolute lack of Indian case series. Purpose: This study aims to shed light on the variable presentations of anti-GFAP astrocytopathy and review the existing literature on the topic. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included all patients who tested positive in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and/or serum for GFAP immunoglobulin G between February 2023 and August 2023, after obtaining ethical clearance. Relevant clinical, demographic data was collected from the electronic medical records. A descriptive analysis of data was done and the current available literature was reviewed. Results: Our case series included four patients (F:M::3:1) with a median age of 28 years at symptom onset. Two of the cases had a relapsing-remitting disease pattern, while the other two had monophasic illnesses. The clinical spectrum we encountered included ataxia, tremors, myoclonus, seizures, recurrent myelitis, brain stem syndromes, autonomic dysfunction and psychiatric manifestations. All four patients responded remarkably to steroids and two patients are on rituximab therapy. Conclusion: Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy encompasses an expanding clinical spectrum and should be considered in the context of myelitis, optic neuritis, ataxia, papillitis, seizures, autonomic dysfunction and movement disorders occurring in isolation or more commonly in varying combinations. Our case series, the first in India, shows a favourable clinical profile and the primary hurdle encountered in all four cases was to establish a diagnosis, further stressing the need for a predictive diagnostic algorithm.

Interpreting Statutes in a Manner Consistent with Seychelles’ International Obligations: Analysing the Court of Appeal’s Decision in The Anti-Corruption Commission of Seychelles v Laura Valabhji (2023)

Abstract The Constitution of Seychelles requires courts, when interpreting the Charter of Human Rights, to take judicial notice of human rights treaties. However, a similar obligation is not imposed on courts when interpreting legislation. Before the case of The Anti-Corruption Commission of Seychelles v Laura Valabhji (18 December 2023), the Court of Appeal had never held that courts are obliged to interpret statutes to conform to Seychelles’ international obligations. The Court rejected a literal approach to statutory interpretation and favoured a purposive approach to justify its reliance on an international treaty when interpreting the Anti-Corruption Act. In this article, the author argues that the Court’s decision in Anti-Corruption Commission of Seychelles v Laura Valabhji has three challenges: it did not explain the meaning of international obligations; its reliance on Indian and Sri-Lankan cases as a source of common law for Seychelles ignores, not only the Interpretation and General Provisions Act, but also the distinction between foreign cases as a source of common law and foreign cases from common law countries as persuasive authorities; and finally, its failure to define ‘control’ has the effect of expanding the powers of the Anti-Corruption Commission beyond what was envisaged by the legislature.