ABSTRACT The doctoral journey often presents students with a variety of stressors that can create obstacles to progress and may affect the students’ timely completion. In some instances, dropping out altogether may become an unavoidable consequence. How can these stumbling blocks be readily and timely detected so that students can be proactively supported to restore optimal engagement in their feelings, study behaviours and actions? This study aimed to develop and validate a rating scale on doctoral students’ resilience in dealing with study-related adversity (The Doctoral Resilience Scale: DoRS-42) using Rasch models. The scale was piloted with 59 doctoral social science students. The 42 scale response options were operationalised as three sub-scales (Perseverance, Reflecting and Adaptive Help-Seeking, Emotional Response) which were previously found to have good psychometric properties in measuring the resilience of undergraduate students. The study’s purpose was two-fold: Firstly, it aimed to ascertain key psychometric properties of the scale (person/item fit and reliability, dimensionality, disordering and differential item functioning) for different groups of participants in relation to gender, study status, background and year of study. Second, the linear person measures that were produced for each respondent for each of the three scales following the Rasch analysis were then used to conduct parametric statistical analyses. Through a series of independent-samples t-tests, a significant difference was found between international and non-international students for all three sub-scales. The findings are discussed in terms of the potential of the scale to offer useful diagnostic information on students’ levels of resilience.

ABSTRACT Research on the impact of inclusive education training has presented mixed findings, suggesting that generalising its effectiveness across contexts is not universally applicable. Evidence from Cambodia remains scarce. This survey study investigated the influence of inclusive education training on pre-service teachers’ attitudes, concerns, and self-efficacy towards inclusive education. The study involved 148 pre-service teachers from a teacher education college. Data were collected through a survey comprising demographic information and three standardised instruments: the Teacher Attitudes Towards Inclusion Scale (TATIS), the Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale (CIES), and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale. Descriptive statistics, reliability tests, and Independent Sample t-Tests were employed to analyse the data. The findings revealed significant differences in pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education based on their training experience. Specifically, those with training experience expressed significantly less favourable perceptions of including students with mild-to-moderate disabilities and their professional roles in supporting inclusion compared to those without such training. No significant differences were found between the groups in their overall concerns or self-efficacy in implementing inclusive practices. The results are discussed with practical implications for improving pre-service teachers’ attitudes and better preparing them to implement inclusive practices.

Variations in the compassion experience of Jordanian pediatric nurses: A comparative study using cluster analysis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between macular edema and the anterior chamber angle status in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: A retrospective case series analysis was adopted. Consecutive RVO patients treated at the Ophthalmology Department of Peking University Third Hospital from October 2011 to May 2013 were included. All patients underwent fluorescein fundus angiography for RVO classification. They were divided into the macular edema and non-macular edema groups based on the angiography results. Static and dynamic gonioscopy were performed to determine the anterior chamber angle status. The statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, Welch's t-test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the occurrence of macular edema by calculating odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 308 RVO patients (308 eyes) who completed all required examinations were included in the study, consisting of 155 males and 153 females, with a mean age of (58.78±14.45) years. Among them, 59 cases (19.16%) had angle closure, while 249 cases (80.84%) had open angles; 221 patients had macular edema (71.75%). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the main risk factor for the development of macular edema in eyes with RVO was angle closure (odds ratio=2.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.23-6.05, P=0.018), while other factors such as age, gender, eye laterality, intraocular pressure, type of RVO, and cup-to-disc ratio showed no statistically significant association (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The risk of macular edema is significantly higher in RVO patients with angle closure compared to those with open angles.

Indonesian students’ low performance in international mathematics literacy assessments highlights the need for instructional approaches that foster higher-order thinking and learner autonomy. Conventional, procedure-oriented instruction has shown limitations, whereas Android-based learning modules implemented within the context of mobile-assisted learning provide opportunities to integrate deep learning pedagogy with students’ intrapersonal intelligence. Intrapersonal intelligence, particularly self-regulation, metacognitive reflection, and goal setting, plays an important role in supporting students’ engagement and mathematics literacy development. This study aimed to compare secondary students’ mathematics literacy outcomes between Android-based deep learning instruction and conventional teaching, while examining the structural contribution of intrapersonal intelligence dimensions to mathematics literacy. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 68 secondary school students, divided into an experimental group (n = 34) and a control group (n = 34). Instruments included a mathematics literacy test and an intrapersonal intelligence questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, effect size estimation, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling. The results indicated that students in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher post-test mathematics literacy scores than those in the control group (t = 7.25, p<0.001), with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.25). Significant positive associations were found between intrapersonal intelligence dimensions and mathematics literacy (r = 0.41-0.63, p < 0.01), with goal setting and planning (β = 0.28) and metacognitive reflection (β = 0.24) showing the strongest standardized contributions. These findings suggest that integrating deep learning pedagogy with intrapersonal intelligence through Android-based modules is associated with higher mathematics literacy outcomes and provides practical insights for designing technology-enhanced mathematics instruction in secondary education.

In July 2025, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) National Capital Region sent out Memorandum No. 59, Series of 2025 to colleges and universities in NCR. It was about the 2025 ASEAN Month Celebration it specifies that the higher education institution must take part in and celebrate ASEAN month by doing the activities that are suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the implementation of the 2025 ASEAN Month activities at a higher education institution in Las Piñas City, Philippines. A descriptive-quantitative methodology was employed, involving 277 students selected utilizing simple random sampling and 20 full-time instructors. The data was examined using an independent sample t-test and a weighted mean. The results indicates that both parties "Strongly Agree" with the events of ASEAN Month. Respondents were pleased with the event's outcome, including the topics covered, the way it was organized, and how well everything worked together to achieve its objectives. The difference between instructors' and students' scores is statistically significant (t = 2.540, p = 0.01586). Using the data, an action plan was created to support the future implementation of ASEAN Month activities. It emphasizes the need for these programs to be continuously evaluated in order to foster a sense of community and support the globalization objectives of the Commission on Higher Education. Promotes regional awareness, intercultural learning, and ASEAN collaboration, supporting United Nations SDG 4 and SDG 17.

This study investigates the impact of workplace ostracism on job performance, with a focus on the moderating role of emotional intelligence. Using a quantitative research design, the study collected data through purposive sampling from a sample of 170 university employees (102 females, 68 males), Participants complete questionnaires measuring workplace ostracism, job performance, and emotional intelligence using Workplace Ostracism scale, Job Performance scale, and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence scale. In SPSS data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation, one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, regression and the PROCESS macro. Findings indicate a significant negative correlation between workplace ostracism and job performance. Additionally, a negative correlation exists between workplace ostracism and emotional intelligence, whereas emotional intelligence and job performance showed a significant positive correlation. Results further indicated that less experienced employees experienced higher workplace ostracism than more experienced ones, and age and qualification levels also varied. However, emotional intelligence does not moderate the relationship between workplace ostracism and job performance suggesting that emotional intelligence alone may not be sufficient to mitigate its effects. The study emphasizes fostering inclusive workplaces and enhancing emotional intelligence training to improve job performance.

Factors associated with family-perceived support among caregivers of hospitalized children: A cross-sectional study.

This study analyzes the performance, risk-adjusted returns, liquidity dynamics, and pricing efficiency of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. The study analyzes cross-sectional data from 313 ETFs to assess short-term and long-term return patterns, deviations of premiums/discounts from NAV, variations in asset-class performance, and return determinants via regression analysis. Descriptive data indicate significant variability in annual returns, especially among commodity-based ETFs. The Sharpe ratio demonstrates robust risk-adjusted performance throughout the ETF landscape. Independent sample t-tests validate statistically substantial return disparities between Gold and Silver ETFs. Correlation and regression analysis reveal liquidity as a crucial factor affecting ETF performance, although price discrepancies exhibit minimal impact. The findings underscore the efficacy and increasing sophistication of India’s ETF market, while accentuating the significance of liquidity in performance assessment. Keywords: Exchange Traded Funds, Risk-Adjusted Returns, Sharpe Ratio, Liquidity, Premium/Discount, NSE India

Guizhou Province has historically been a region severely affected by malaria in China. For decades, vector control has served as a cornerstone of national efforts to control and eliminate malaria. However, the efficacy of this strategy is largely challenged by the development of insecticide resistance. In the present study, the resistance status to organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CBs) ofAnopheles sinensisfield populations across Guizhou Province was investigated with a primary focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms. From 2017 to 2024, mosquitoes were collected intermittently using mosquito-killing lamps across Guizhou Province.An. sinensisspecimens were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Subsequently, we genotyped theace-1gene via PCR and measured acetylcholinesterase1 (AChE1) residual activity using biochemical assays. Whole-genome sequencing of individual mosquitoes was performed using Illumina sequencing, and the copy number of theace-1gene was quantified by standard genomic DNA quantitative PCR. Two independent-sample t-test and a chi-squared test had been used in this study. FemaleAn. sinensiswere collected from 12 field populations across Guizhou Province. Following species identification, point mutations in theace-1gene were detected in 551 mosquito samples. Only one point mutation, G119S, was identified across all populations, with the frequency ofthe ace-1mutant genotypes (119GS and 119SS) exceeding 66% in 11 out of the 12 populations. Heterozygotes were the predominant genotype. The AChE1 activity was not inhibited by propoxur in 10 populations. A significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in 6 of the 12 populations, indicating an excess of heterozygotes in these populations. Notably, heterogeneous duplication of theace-1gene inAn. sinensiswas detected for the first time through genomic scanning andace-1copy number quantification. Resistance to OPs and CBs is widespread inAn. sinensispopulations across Guizhou Province. Both heterogeneous duplication and point mutation of theace-1gene inAn. sinensislikely contribute to resistance to OPs and CBs. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring duplicated resistance alleles in natural populations to formulate region-specific resistance management strategies.

Coping behavior of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation (STN-DBS) is poorly understood. Identifying patients with ineffective coping could help prepare them better for surgery. To clarify coping of PD patients preoperatively and the relation with psychiatric symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and cognition. Scores of 158 STN-DBS candidates were retrospectively reviewed, including the Utrecht coping list (UCL), Symptom Checklist (SCL90-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2NL), PD Questionnaire 39 Summary Index (PDQ39-SI) and the neuropsychological assessment. One-sample and independent-samples t-tests, and correlation coefficients were calculated. We found significant positive correlations between emotion-focused coping (palliative/passive reactions, avoidance, expression of emotions, reassuring thoughts and seeking social support) and anxiety, depressive symptoms, and general psychosomatic symptoms. Patients reporting more palliative and passive reactions reported lower QoL. Patients with executive function deficits/impairment reported less active problem-focused coping (-1.89, 95% CI -3.60; -0.17); those with deficits/impairments in memory and executive functions reported less problem-focused coping (-1.96, 95% CI -3.81; -0.10), palliative reactions (-2.12, 95% CI -3.72; 0.51), seeking social support (-2.68, 95% CI -4.07; -1.28) and reassuring thoughts (-1.41, 95% CI -2.52; -0.30) compared to cognitively unimpaired patients. Our data affirm the association of specific coping strategies with depression, anxiety, general physical and mental symptoms, and QoL in STN-DBS candidates. Patients with impaired cognition, especially poor executive functioning, used ineffective coping strategies more often. Characterizing coping is simple and helps identify patients who may benefit from additional support to reinforce effective strategies, possibly leading to a less burdensome pre-surgical trajectory.

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Scramble-type cooperative learning model on students’ learning outcomes in Pancasila Education among fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Lambheu Aceh Besar. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. The population consisted of all fourth-grade students, with the sample comprising an experimental class and a control class selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a 20-item multiple-choice test administered as pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed using the N-Gain test, normality and homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing through an independent sample t-test with the assistance of SPSS. The findings revealed that students taught using the Scramble-type cooperative learning model achieved higher learning outcomes compared to those taught using the direct learning model. The hypothesis testing showed a significance value (2-tailed) < 0.05, indicating that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Scramble-type cooperative learning model has a significant effect on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in Pancasila Education at SDN 1 Lambheu Aceh Besar.

Purpose This study aims to examine the perspectives of Library and Information Science (LIS) scholars in Nigerian universities on artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and the ethical use of generative AI in academic writing. Four (4) specific objectives guided the study. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey design was used, and data were gathered from 217 returned questionnaires completed by LIS scholars, representing a 60.5% response rate from 359 academics on the NALISE WhatsApp platform. Descriptive statistics, an independent-samples t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate differences in AI literacy and the relationship between AI literacy and ethical prompting. Findings Findings revealed a generally low level of AI literacy, with respondents reporting challenges in evaluating AI-generated content and detecting AI-assisted plagiarism. Ethical prompting practices were not consistently adopted, although many scholars expressed concern about issues such as plagiarism, ghostwriting, and misinformation. Institutional support, including policies, training and formal guidelines, was widely perceived as inadequate. Significant differences existed between those who had used AI tools and those who had not, and AI literacy showed a strong positive correlation with ethical prompting. Originality/value Based on the authors’ knowledge and literature search, this is the first empirical study to comprehensively explore AI literacy and ethical use of Generative AI among LIS scholars in the context of Nigeria. It addresses a critical gap in the literature, which has predominantly focused on technologically advanced regions. The study introduces a unified framework that simultaneously investigates AI literacy, ethical prompting, perceived ethical risks and institutional practices, offering a holistic view of the challenges. It also contributes original empirical evidence on the relationship between AI literacy and ethical behavior.

Background: The rapid expansion of agent banking in Indonesia has increased the need for reliable and timely delivery of financial technology applications. The choice of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology plays a critical role in project schedule performance, yet empirical comparisons particularly involving hybrid approaches within regulated banking environments remain limited. Objective: This study analyzes the impact of SDLC methods on project time performance in IT application development, with particular attention to the testing phase as a recurrent source of delay. Method: A quantitative comparative design was applied to 18 internal IT projects conducted in 2025 using Waterfall and Agile methodologies across Android-based EDC applications, mobile apps, and web systems. Independent-samples t-tests were used to examine differences in Schedule Performance Index (SPI), actual project duration, and delay. A phase-selective Hybrid SDLC was subsequently implemented in the EDC Android v1.0.5 project, applying Agile practices in testing while maintaining Waterfall in other phases. Result: Statistically significant differences were found between Agile and Waterfall across all time performance indicators, with Agile demonstrating superior schedule outcomes. The hybrid implementation further improved performance, reflected by an SPI greater than 1 and reduced testing duration. Conclusion: A phase-selective Hybrid SDLC provides an effective strategy to enhance schedule performance, particularly when testing is a bottleneck. The findings support selective SDLC adoption based on phase-specific characteristics. Limitations include the single-institution scope and absence of cost and quality metrics, suggesting directions for future multi-institutional research.

ABSTRACT This study examined preschool children's social acceptance and attitudes towards peers with special needs, with attention to the influence of gender, inclusive classroom experiences, and having a family member with special needs. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. In the quantitative phase, data were collected from 79 typically developing children in inclusive preschool settings using the Turkish adaptation of the Acceptance Scale for Kindergarten–Revised (ASK-R), and descriptive and inferential statistics (independent samples t-tests, effect sizes, and 95% confidence intervals) were calculated. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted and analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Quantitative results showed high levels of social acceptance overall, with significantly higher scores among children who had a peer or family member with special needs, and no significant gender differences. Qualitative findings yielded three interconnected themes – Being Friends, Playing Games, and Helping – illustrating children's empathy, cooperative play, and prosocial support. Integrated results demonstrate that early exposure to peers with special needs fosters positive attitudes through everyday social interactions, underscoring the developmental importance of inclusive learning environments. Implications for practice include strengthening teacher preparation for inclusive education, engaging families in awareness-building efforts, and providing structured opportunities for interaction that support children's social acceptance.

Background: Maternal obesity is associated with disrupted metabolic regulation, including elevated leptin levels that may affect fetal growth. Previous studies have reported mixed findings on maternal and cord blood leptin concentrations, with some showing higher leptin levels in infants born to obese mothers, while others found no significant differences. Associations between maternal obesity and neonatal outcomes have also been inconsistent. This study aims to generate new evidence from an Indonesian cohort by comparing maternal and cord blood leptin levels, as well as neonatal outcomes, between obese and normal-weight mothers.Materials and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study enrolled 30 obese and 30 normal-weight mothers from two hospitals in Padang, Indonesia. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected at delivery, and leptin levels were measured using ELISA. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Neonatal outcomes included birth weight, length, head circumference, and ponderal index. Data were analyzed using Independent Samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Maternal leptin levels were significantly higher in obese mothers than in normal-weight mothers (70.8±39.0 vs. 44.5±42.5 ng/mL; p=0.002). Cord blood leptin levels did not differ between groups (19.7±14.9 vs. 16.1±17.5 ng/mL; p=0.394). Neonates of obese mothers had higher birth weight (p=0.003), while other anthropometric measures were similar.Conclusion: Maternal obesity was associated with elevated maternal leptin levels and increased neonatal birth weight, while cord blood leptin did not differ significantly between groups. These findings suggest that maternal leptin reflects maternal metabolic status rather than fetal growth.Keywords: maternal leptin, cord blood leptin, obesity, pregnancy, neonatal outcome

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of applying the Card Sort learning model and student learning styles on learning outcomes in Fiqh at MAS Al Ishlahiyah Binjai. The study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design and a post-test only control group design. The research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year with a population of all 55 students in class X at MAS Al Ishlahiyah Binjai, using a saturated sampling technique. Class X-1 with 25 students was designated as the experimental class that was given the Card Sort learning model treatment, while class X-2 with 25 students was designated as the control class that used conventional learning. The independent variables in this study were the Card Sort learning model and student learning styles, while the dependent variable was the learning outcomes in Fiqh, which were measured through a multiple-choice cognitive test (post-test) that had been tested for validity and reliability with a reliability coefficient of 0.705. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, variance homogeneity test (Levene Test), and hypothesis testing using Independent Sample t-test and ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average learning outcome of the experimental class was 84.32, which was higher than that of the control class, which was 71.56. The data were normally distributed and homogeneous, and the hypothesis test results showed a significance value of 0.000 (Sig. < 0.05), so it can be concluded that the Card Sort learning model and learning style had a significant effect on the learning outcomes of Fiqh subjects at MAS Al Ishlahiyah Binjai.

The purpose of this study remained to observe fear of failure, perceived stress and academic achievement of undergraduate students. It is theorized that around is likely Predict to negative relationship between fair of failure and perceived stress. In the present research correlational research design was used, a sample size comprised of 140 (Male=69, Female=71) undergraduate students was achieved with age range of 18-21 years old. Purposive sampling technique was used. Assessments including Fear of failure, Perceived stress scale (Sheldon Cohen, 1988) and Academic achievement scale (Rapport, 1991) was used. Analyze data are Descriptive statistics, Pearson product, regression analysis and Independent sample t-test was used to measure the connection and significance difference of the study variable. Cronbach value for academic achievement was.72 which indicated good internal consistency. Result of the analysis revealed non-significant mean differences, the finding revealed that academic achievement has highly significant negative relationship with perceived stress. The finding revealed that fear of failure and perceived stress negatively predicted academic achievement with R' value of .41% variance with F (2, 135) =1.542, P<.001. We advise that, in order to benefit exposed undergraduates overwhelmed these doubts, employing an idea of involvement might be Creative.

PurposeThe present study examined associations between adjustment and job satisfaction and multiple dimensions of mattering-including general mattering, mattering at work, anti-mattering experiences, and fears of not mattering-among working adults. A secondary, exploratory aim was to examine whether mattering-related outcomes differed as a function of personal COVID-19 infection history.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted with 60 employees working primarily from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed self-report measures assessing mattering, well-being, depression, social media addiction, and job satisfaction.ResultsGeneral mattering was positively associated with work mattering and affective job satisfaction, whereas anti-mattering was negatively associated with work mattering, well-being, and affective job satisfaction. Well-being was positively related to both work mattering and affective job satisfaction, supporting the protective role of perceived significance in the workplace. Social media addiction was positively correlated with non-mattering and depression, suggesting that diminished perceptions of mattering may be linked to maladaptive online behaviors and poorer mental health. Exploratory independent-samples t-tests indicated that individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection reported lower general mattering, work mattering, and affective job satisfaction, and higher anti-mattering, compared with those without infection.ConclusionThe findings highlight the importance of mattering as a resource for employee well-being and job satisfaction. Experiences of anti-mattering were associated with poorer mental health and greater vulnerability to problematic social media use. Exploratory differences linked to COVID-19 infection history suggest pandemic-related stressors may negatively influence employees' sense of value and satisfaction. These results underscore the need for organizational practices that foster employees' sense of mattering, particularly during periods of disruption.

To compare the efficacy of Letrozole and Elagolix in the medical management of endometriosis-associated pain Study Design: A quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University/Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from March to August 2025. Women presenting with endometriosis-related pain were allocated to treatment groups. Patients in Group A (n = 29) received oral Letrozole 2.5 mg, while patients in Group B (n = 30) received oral Elagolix 150 mg once daily for three months. VAS pain scores were recorded before and 3 months post-intervention, and compared between the Letrozole and Elagolix groups using an independent samples t-test and chi-square test. Baseline data were comparable between the study groups (all p > 0.05). At 3 months post-intervention, the Elagolix group showed a significantly lower VAS score for dyspareunia (3.6 ± 2.2 vs. 4.7 ± 0.9; p = 0.016) and a greater reduction in dysmenorrhoea scores (2.2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.4 ± 1.8; p = 0.048). A shift from severe to mild was evident with significant improvements in pelvic pain (p = 0.043) and dysmenorrhoea (p = 0.036). Stratified analysis revealed significantly greater reductions in dysmenorrhea scores among Elagolix users aged ≤29 years (p = 0.025), with BMI <25 kg/m2 (p = 0.013) and regular menstrual cycles (p = 0.027). Pelvic pain scores also improved significantly in participants with a monthly household income of ≥ 50,000 PKR (p = 0.037). Elagolix demonstrated greater efficacy than Letrozole in reducing endometriosis-related pain after three months of treatment. This efficacy was more evident for dysmenorrhoea among specific patient subgroups, including those with younger age, lower BMI, or regular menstrual periods. Elagolix, Endometriosis, Letrozole, VAS pain.