Increased Serum Glucose Levels Research Articles

Use of contraceptives in cats with ovarian and uterine pathology

Regulation of the reproductive capacity of cats using megestrol acetate (a gestagenic preparation) contributes to the development of pathological processes in the uterus, ovaries, and imbalance of gonadal hormones. Therefore, it is essential to investigate and scientifically substantiate the pathogenetic processes in the body of cats under medical contraception. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the pathomorphological changes and dynamics of certain blood parameters in the body of cats under the use of megestrol acetate. The study employed clinical (examination, palpation), laboratory (haematological, biochemical, hormonal), morphological (examination of the genital organs of cats amputated during ovariohysterectomy) methods. A decrease in ovarian size in hypotrophic cats by 11.3×9.05% was found compared to the ovaries of healthy cats. The dependence of megestrol acetate administration on the occurrence of cystic formations in the ovaries was found, with an increase in ovaries in the experimental group by 1.7×2.47 times in follicular cysts and by 1.9×3.1 and 2.5×3.9 times in luteal cysts and polycystic cysts, respectively. It was found that the uterus in cats with megestrol acetate was increased by 3.16×1.93 times in the right horn and 2.84×2.1 times in the left horn compared to the uterus of healthy cats. The dynamics of progesterone (increase by 37.85%), follicle-stimulating hormone (decrease by 43.75%) and oestradiol (increase by 72.15%) were determined in comparison with intact animals. The increase in serum glucose levels in cats after megestrol administration by 34.31%, total protein by 25.0% and creatinine by 11.10%, aspartate aminotransferase by 43.84% (1.78 times) and alanine aminotransferase by 49.84% (1.99 times), and serum urea by 58.71% was substantiated. At the same time, haemoglobin levels decreased by 16.5%. The findings of this study can be used in the development of new methods and regimens of medical contraception with minimisation of risks of complications of the reproductive system, regulation of reproductive capacity, and prevention of infertility in cats

Developing Topics.

Alzheimer's disease is a brain ailment that causes cell degradation and is the leading cause of dementia, which is defined by a deterioration in thinking and independence in routine everyday activities. Insulin possesses neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects indicating a permissive function for insulin in cognition. Defective insulin signaling promotes Aβ aggregation and accelerates Aβ formation in the brain. Based on this evidence, Alzheimer's is also defined as diabetes of the brain or Type 3 Diabetes. Diabetes was induced in mice by Alloxan (100mg/kg) and sucrose 35% solution. Glucose level was monitored, and test drugs were given accordingly. Behavioral models employed in the current study were elevated plus maze, morris water maze, actophotometer, and novel object recognition test. Biochemicals performed were all mitochondrial complexes, glutathione level, protein carbonyl level, lipid peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Histopathological evaluation of the hippocampal region was carried out under a bright field microscope. Alloxan administration produced significant hyperglycemia characterized by a significant increase in serum glucose level as compared to the naïve. During the acquisition test (learning), alloxan-treated mice significantly delayed the escape latency period to reach the submerged platform as compared to the naïve group. However, quercetin and naringenin administration significantly improved memory performance. In novel object recognition, alloxan treated spent more time near the familiar object, and the treatment group spent more time near the novel object. Alloxan treatment also disrupted the mitochondrial levels and lowered the antioxidant enzyme levels, whereas the treatment group significantly reversed the changes. In the present study, alloxan administration caused significant impairment in cognitive behavior as evidenced by the Morris water maze (MWM) test, increased fasting blood glucose oxidative stress [through alteration of endogenous antioxidant markers i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and oxidative stress markers i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyls levels] and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in different areas of the brain (frontal cortex and hippocampus). Administration of quercetin and naringenin in different doses significantly reversed alloxan administration-induced behavioral, biochemical, and cellular alteration in both the frontal cortex as well as in hippocampus.

Comparative analysis of glucose and fructose tolerance in two marine fishes: effects on insulin secretion and acute hypoxia tolerance

Carbohydrates are a common and economical energy source in animal feeds. However, most fish show a persistent postprandial hyperglycemia after intake of a high-carbohydrate diet. Unfortunately, the mechanism of glucose metabolism in fish is still unclear. In the present study, tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were intraperitoneally injected or orally administered with glucose or fructose (500 mg/kg body weight) to evaluate the ability of fish to utilize carbohydrates. Afterwards, serum glucose, fructose, pyruvate, insulin levels, and acute hypoxia tolerance were measured. Our results showed increased serum glucose level and then decreased post intraperitoneal injection with glucose, and reached a peak after 0.5 hours in turbot and 1 hour in tiger puffer. Tiger puffer had significantly lower liver glycogen, serum glucose, fructose, pyruvate, and insulin contents than turbot. Glucose and fructose only induced insulin secretion in turbot, but did not change serum insulin level in tiger puffer. Glucose was a stronger stimulator of insulin than fructose in the two marine species. Both intraperitoneal injection and oral fructose intake increased serum glucose level, while intraperitoneal or oral glucose also increased serum fructose level. Intraperitoneal injection of glucose promoted absorption and utilization of glucose in the blood more effectively than oral glucose intake. In addition, turbot and tiger puffer were intolerant to acute hypoxia, whereas supplementation with glucose or fructose improved hypoxia tolerance in the two marine fishes by activating anaerobic glycolysis. Taken together, our results provide important scientific information for understanding the mechanism for glucose and fructose utilization and improving hypoxia tolerance in fish.

Impacts of trelagliptin and remogliflozin alone and in combination with Alpha Lipoic Acid on cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitusinrats.

This study investigated the effects of trelagliptin and remogliflozin, alone and in combination with alpha lipoic acid (ALA), on cardiac biomarkers in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to assess the management of glucotoxicity consequences in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by measuring serum levels of pharmacologically active endogenous ligands. Forty-eight male rats were divided into different treatment groups, including negative control, positive control, and four experimental groups. After inducing diabetes, the rats were treated for 28 days, and serum levels of biomarkers associated with oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and thioredoxin-interacting protein), inflammation (nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2), and myopathy (neprilysin and high selective cardiac troponin T) were measured. Immunohistochemical analysis of heart cells was also performed. The results showed that inducing hyperglycemia increased serum glucose levels and biomarkers associated with DCM. However, all treatment groups exhibited a significant decrease in these biomarkers and an increase in insulin levels compared to the diabetic control group. The groups receiving combination therapy with ALA showed greater improvements in cardiac biomarkers compared to the individual treatments. The immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings by demonstrating a reduction in the percentage area of cathepsin B, a protein involved in DCM pathophysiology. In conclusion, supplementing the base treatments with ALA showed promise in enhancing cardiac biomarkers associated with DCM. The combination of trelagliptin, remogliflozin, and ALA may have additional clinical value in managing DCM by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and glucotoxicity. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their potential clinical applications.

Diabetes-Induced Autophagy Dysregulation Engenders Testicular Impairment via Oxidative Stress.

Testes produce sperms, and gamete generation relies on a proper niche environment. The disruption of hierarchical regulatory homeostasis in Leydig or Sertoli cells may evoke a sterile phenotype in humans. In this study, we recapitulated type 2 diabetes mellitus by using a high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mouse model to identify the phenotype and potential mechanism of diabetes-induced testicular impairment. At the end of the study, blood glucose levels, testosterone structure, testicular antioxidant capacity, and testosterone level and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α, apoptosis-related protein cleaved-caspase3, and autophagy-related proteins such as LC3I/II, p62, and Beclin1 were evaluated. We found that long-term HFD treatment causes the development of diabetes mellitus, implicating increased serum glucose level, cell apoptosis, and testicular atrophy (P < 0.05 vs. Ctrl). Mechanistically, the results showed enhanced expression of HIF-1α in both Sertoli and Leydig cells (P < 0.05 vs. Ctrl). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were demonstrated to be a potential factor leading to HIF-1α upregulation in both cell types. In Sertoli cells, high glucose treatment had minor effects on Sertoli cell autophagy. However, AGE treatment stagnated the autophagy flux and escalated cell apoptosis (P < 0.05 vs. Ctrl+Ctrl). In Leydig cells, high glucose treatment was adequate to encumber autophagy induction and enhance oxidative stress. Similarly, AGE treatment facilitated HIF-1α expression and hampered testosterone production (P < 0.05 vs. Ctrl+Ctrl). Overall, these findings highlight the dual effects of diabetes on autophagy regulation in Sertoli and Leydig cells while imposing oxidative stress in both cell types. Furthermore, the upregulation of HIF-1α, which could be triggered by AGE treatment, may negatively affect both cell types. Together, these findings will help us further understand the molecular mechanism of diabetes-induced autophagy dysregulation and testicular impairment, enriching the content of male reproductive biology in diabetic patients.

The effects of non-lethal heat-shock-induced cross-protection on survival and growth of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in response to ionic stress in inland saline waters

Non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) was used to enhance tolerance to other stressors in aquatic organisms and its effects are associated with the accumulation of Hsp 70. A study was conducted to determine the effect of NLHS on the cross-protection of L. vannamei against stress in K+-deficient inland saline water. To determine the NLHS based on mortality and gill heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) abundance, L. vannamei juveniles (3.52 ± 0.23 g) were reared in inland water of 10 ppt salinity with 100% seawater equivalent (SWequ) K+ fortification. As one hour of heat shock at 36 °C resulted no mortality and a 3.5-fold increase in Hsp70 protein in gills when followed by 8 h recovery at 28 °C, the 36 °C was designated as NLHS. Subsequently, P. vannamei juveniles (4.64 ± 0.01 g) were exposed to 1 h NLHS in inland saline water containing 25%, 50% and 75% of SWequ K+ in triplicates following a recovery of 8 h, whereas the control group did not receive NLHS. The NLHS significantly increased Hsp70 protein in the gills and muscle. In addition, NHLS brought about higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in the gills and hepatopancreas, along with increased serum glucose levels. Increased Hsp70 protein abundance in muscle and gills remained elevated even after 12 h exposure to varying K+ levels, conferring cross-protection by NLHS against ionic stress caused by K+ depletion in inland saline waters. A 45-day growth study showed a significant increase in weight gain and survival (%) in NLHS groups compared to the control group, irrespective of the K+ fortification. This growth-promoting effect of NLHS was also evident in the group reared in the most K+ deficient inland saline water. This study shows that NLHS provides cross-protection through accumulation of Hsp70 protein and activation of antioxidant enzymes, in K+ deficient inland saline water, promoting shrimp growth and survival with atleast 50 aqueous K+ supplementation.

Transcriptomic changes underlying glucocorticoid-induced suppression of milk production by dairy cows.

Milk production by dairy cows is sensitive to increased levels of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids (GC) that also regulate the transcription of several genes required for milk synthesis. Whereas previous studies identified that an exogenous GC such as dexamethasone (DEX) transiently suppresses milk yield in several species without any pronounced effect on milk protein or fat percentage, the mechanism underlying this effect has not been established. In this study we sought to establish changes within the mammary glands of non-pregnant dairy cows in their second lactation (n = 3-4; 648-838kg) following a single dose of exogenous DEX. Changes in the udder were monitored by serial biopsy of alternating quarters, concurrent with quarter-level monitoring of milk yield and composition. Dexamethasone increased serum glucose levels from 12-36h (p <0 .05), reduced milk yield from 12-48h (p <0 .05), increased % milk protein content at 24h post-DEX, and transiently decreased both milk lactose and α-lactalbumin content, while not altering the level of milk fat. After 72h, all aspects of milk production had returned to pre-treatment levels. Transcriptomic changes in the mammary glands in response to DEX were identified by RNA sequencing followed by differential gene expression analysis. Coincident with the milk yield and composition changes was the differential expression of 519 and 320 genes at 12 and 24h after DEX (adjusted p <0 .05), respectively, with the return of all gene expression to baseline levels by 72h. Among the transcriptomic changes in response to DEX, there was notable downregulation of elements in the lactose synthesis pathway, specifically AQP3, GALE and LALBA (α-lactalbumin) at 12h, and sustained downregulation of LALBA at 24h. One gene in the pathway, UGP2, was upregulated at 12-24h post-DEX. This work supports the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between the response to DEX and the concurrent suppression of milk yield due to the reduced synthesis of α-lactalbumin and lactose by the mammary epithelium. The ability of glucocorticoids to modulate the homeorrhetic requirements for glucose during stressful states concurrent with immune activation bears significance for dairy animals as well as a broad range of lactating mammals.

Effects of different inorganic selenium levels in laying quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) diets on performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical parameters

Inorganic selenium supplementation in poultry diet has been controversial. It has been linked that the excess and deficiency of this mineral can lead to health problems in these animals. However, this fact is not so evident in quails. In this research 120 female quails (220.6 ± 8.2 g) at 10 weeks of age were allocated to five treatment groups with six replicates of four quails in each. Experimental diets were formed by adding 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or1.00 mg/kg of inorganic selenium (sodium-selenite) to the diet containing 0.12 mg/kg of selenium. We observed that performance parameters, mortality, egg external, and internal quality of quails were not affected by the supplementation of inorganic selenium to the diet Serum glucose (P = 0.0020) and creatinine (P = 0.0333) levels were affected by inorganic selenium supplementation, but no differences were found for other parameters among those treatments. The addition of 0.50 mg/kg of inorganic selenium to the diet increased serum glucose levels of laying quails compared with the control group. While serum creatinine level was maximized with the addition of 0.25 mg/kg inorganic selenium to the diet, and it was minimized with the addition of 0.50 mg/kg inorganic selenium. Supplementation with inorganic selenium (0 to 1.00 mg/kg) in laying quail diets did not have any adverse effect on performance, mortality, and egg quality during the study. No abnormalities were found in the serum parameters that would lead to the suspicion of metabolic disease in the quails.

Steroid growth promoter modified glucose profile and liver morphology in broiler by altering the localization and expression pattern of hepatic glucocorticoid receptors

This study explores the impact of dexamethasone (DEX) on the serum glucose profile, morphological attributes of the liver, and the expression of hepatic glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the broiler. To conduct this study, four homogenous groups of day-old chicks (DOCs) were used (n = 20 chicks per group); one control group (C), and three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3). All the groups were maintained on a commercial feed with which 3, 5, and 7 mg DEX (per kg feed) were supplied to the T1, T2, and T3 groups, respectively. Samples were collected on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment. The serum glucose profile was measured by spectrophotometry. The livers' morphometric attributes were recorded before being processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The expression pattern of hepatic GR proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. DEX residue was detected in liver tissue using thin-layer chromatography. Increased serum glucose level was observed in the DEX groups. Fatty liver, hepatic congestion, and decreased morphometric attributes were the critical findings in the DEX groups. Congestion of the central veins, sinusoids, and accumulation of lipid droplets was also observed in the DEX groups. GR proteins were mostly localized in the central vein and cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, the expression of which was found to be upregulated with the increased dose of DEX. The residue of DEX was detected in the liver tissues in the higher dose groups. The findings imply that DEX can substantially alter the blood glucose profile and liver morphology.

Glucose, urea, and creatinine laboratory tests in people starting antiretroviral therapy with dolutegravir or efavirenz: a cohort study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Goal: In this study, we aimed to monitor the blood glucose, urea, and creatinine laboratory tests in treatment-naive individuals, initiating ART with an antiretroviral regimen containing EFV or DTG, searching for a contribution to the understanding of the safety of these drugs in use in the real world, followed up for 72 weeks. Methods: Cohort study with a follow-up of people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy. Results: An increase in blood creatinine levels at 24 and 48 weeks and blood glucose levels at 48 weeks (p=0.017) was observed in the group using Dolutegravir. Those using Efavirenz evidenced an increase in creatinine levels at 48 weeks (p=0.007), blood glucose levels at 72 weeks (p=0.009), and urea levels at 48 weeks (p=0.023). Being male (p=0.044) and having more than 13 schooling years (0.044) explained the change in creatinine levels. Tobacco use (p=0.006), illicit drug use (p=0.009), and schooling greater than or equal to 13 study years (p=0.038) were independently associated with changes in urea levels. The therapeutic regimen with Efavirenz (OR=8.20; 95% CI=1.32-51.05; p=0.024) and schooling greater than or equal to 13 study years were independently associated with increased blood glucose concentration. Conclusions: The DTG regimen was associated with increased serum creatinine levels for up to 42 weeks and was transient and returning to the levels observed before the start of ART. The Efavirenz regimen was related to increased serum glucose levels, and the Dolutegravir therapy was the preferred regimen.

The Effect of Hot Water Extract of Tilapia on Exercise Capacity in Mice

Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) has become one of the main aquatic products of Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hot water extract of tilapia (HWET) in relieving fatigue and enhancing exercise performance in mice in a swimming endurance test. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and treated with either a vehicle (control group) or different doses of HWET, which were designated as HWET-L (800 mg/kg/day), HWET-M (1600 mg/kg/day), and HWET-H (4000 mg/kg/day). The results of the swimming endurance test showed that HWET treatment significantly improved exercise-induced fatigue as the swimming time of the mice increased (p &lt; 0.05). One hour after the test, blood samples were collected from each mouse and serum biochemical parameters were measured. The serum levels of lactate, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were lower in mice treated with HWET compared to the control group. Moreover, HWET treatment increased serum glucose levels and glycogen content in the liver. Enhanced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver and muscle was also found in the HWET-M and HWET-H groups. Western blot results showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the liver tissue was downregulated by HWET treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HWET supplementation could enhance exercise performance and alleviate fatigue via biochemical profile improvements. This suggests that HWET has the potential for future development into functional foods or nutritional supplements to relieve fatigue.

Neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical effect of atomoxetine and N-acetylcysteine in streptozotocin diabetes induced endothelial dysfunction and related dementia

Metabolic conditions like diabetes, is a major risk factor for the development of dementia of vascular origin. This study investigates the efficacy of atomoxetine (ATX) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and related dementia. Single dose STZ (50 mg/kg i.p) was administered to Albino Wistar rats (male, 200–250 g) by dissolving in citrate buffer. Morris water maze (MWM) and attentional set shifting tests (ASST) were used to assess the spatial learning, memory, reversal learning, and executive functioning in animals. Body weight, serum glucose, serum nitrite/nitrate, vascular endothelial function, aortic superoxide anion, brains’ oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, reduced glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD, and catalase-CAT), inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase-MPO), acetylcholinesterase activity-AChE and histopathological changes were also assessed. Atomoxetine - ATX (2 mg kg−1/ 4 mg kg−1) and N-acetylcysteine- NAC (250 mg kg−1/ 500 mg kg−1) were used alone as well as in combination, as the treatment drugs. Donepezil (0.5 mg kg-1) was used as a positive control. STZ administered rats showed increase in serum glucose levels and decrease in body weight. Rats administered with STZ also showed reduction in learning, memory, reversal learning, executive functioning, impairment in endothelial function, increase in brains’ oxidative stress, inflammation, AChE activity and histopathological changes. Administration of ATX and NAC in two different doses as well as in combination, significantly attenuated the STZ induced diabetes induced impairments in the behavioral, endothelial, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. Co-treatment of ATX and NAC was better in comparison to the doses when given alone. Hence, STZ administration caused diabetes induced dementia of vascular origin which was attenuated by the administration of ATX and NAC. Therefore, these agents may be studied further for the assessment of their full potential in diabetes induced dementia of vascular origin conditions.

Ameliorative efficacy of polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-diabetic activity of a polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The methanolic extracts of Achyranthes aspera, Catharanthus roseus and Momordica charantia were used in 3:1:1 w/w/w ratio for polyherbal formulation (PHF) preparation. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (GI, GII, GIII, T1 and T2) based on body weight. The high fat diet treated rats of four groups (GII, GIII, T1 and T2) were injected with 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin intra peritoneally to induce diabetes. Rats of group GI, GII were kept as normal and diabetic control respectively and GIII as standard control, were administrated with glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg, orally for 60 days); and group T1 and T2 were administered with PHF daily at a dose of 375 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg body weight respectively for a period of 60 days. Administration of PHF showed dose dependent reduction in the blood glucose level on 30th and 60th days, which was comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide. Significant decrease in body weight and increase in serum glucose level were observed in diabetic control, which was partially restored upon administration of PHF. Altered biochemical enzymes like AST, ALT and antioxidant enzymes (SOD) were normalized by administration of PHF in diabetic rats. Also, mean values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLcholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in rats treated with PHF were restored. The study indicated that PHF at higher dose showed significant decline (p&lt;0.001) in blood glucose level.

Anti-diabetic effects of fullerene C60 nanoparticle mediated by its anti-oxidant activity in the pancreas in type 1 diabetic rats

The present study aims to examine the anti-diabetic effects of fullerene C60 nanoparticle, as an anti-oxidant compound, on serum glucose level, body weight, food and water intake, and pancreatic oxidative stress in the rats with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intravenous injection of streptozotocine (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein of the rats. Four groups of rats were divided as follow: normal, normal treatment, diabetic, and diabetic treatment groups. Normal treatment and diabetic treatment groups received intra-orally fullerene (1 mg/ kg/daily) up to day 60 following streptozotocine injection. Oxidative stress markers in the pancreas were evaluated on day 60 after inducing diabetes mellitus. Injection of streptozotocine significantly increased serum glucose level as well as food and water intake on all experimental days; it decreased body weight on day 60. Streptozotocine increased MDA level and decreased GSH level and SOD activity in the pancreas. Fullerene significantly decreased food and water intake and increased body weight as compared with the diabetic group. Fullerene also could normalize the pancreatic MDA and GSH markers. The present study suggested that fullerene can decrease diabetic symptoms via its anti-oxidant activity in the pancreas in the rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Clinical Update on Vasopressors and Titration Strategies.

Clinical Update on Vasopressors and Titration Strategies.

English

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different levels (0, 50 or 100 mg/kg) of nano zinc (nano Zn) supplementation as a zinc source in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) diets on performance, some serum parameters, testis characteristics and meat colour. In the four-week study, a total of 60 male Japanese quails (190.4 ± 2.4 g body weight) at the age of 49 days were distributed to three treatment groups and each treatment group was divided into four subgroups, each containing five male quails. As a result of this study, in the current study, the addition of nano Zn to the diet had no effect on feed intake, testis morphology, serum cholesterol, total protein, calcium and phosphorus levels (P&gt;0.05). Addition of nano Zn to diet increased body weight gain (BGW) (P&lt;0.05). With the addition of nano Zn, serum glucose level increased while serum triglyceride level decreased (P&lt;0.05). Breast and thigh + drumstick L* values among meat parameters increased with the addition of nano Zn to male quail diets (P&lt;0.05). As a result, adding nano Zn to male quail diets increased serum glucose level and meat L* value, decreased serum triglyceride concentration, and testis morphology was not affected.

Role of insulin/glucagon ratio and cell redox state in the hyperglycaemia induced by exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field in rats

The exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) could adversely affect the endocrine system and cellular proliferative response. Nonetheless, the use of 60-Hz EMFs in the form of magneto-therapy exerts beneficial actions on human health but can also induce hyperglycaemia. Therefore, the present study was aimed to search for metabolic responses of fed or fasted male rats to a single EMF exposure. We performed a 15 min-single exposure to 60-Hz (3.8 mT, intensity) EMF, and determined serum levels of glucose, lipids, and indicators of cellular redox state and energy parameters. A single exposure to a 60-Hz EMF induced hyperglycaemia in both animal groups, and an attenuated second serum insulin peak. The 60-Hz EMF also decreased free fatty acids and lactate serum levels, oppositely increasing pyruvate and acetoacetate levels. Significant increases in blood glucose level and rat’s glucose metabolism were related to a more oxidized cellular redox state and variations in insulin and glucagon secretion. The 60-Hz EMF’s effects were not modified in animals previously subjected to chronic EMFs exposure (14 days). In conclusion, increased serum glucose levels and glucose metabolism induced by a single 60-Hz EMF exposure were closely related to the cellular redox state and the insulin/glucagon ratio.

631-P: Reliability of the Freestyle Libre Continuous Monitoring System in the Inpatient Setting: Implications for the COVID-19 Surge

Introduction: Standard point of care capillary blood glucose testing (POCT) is commonly used in hospitalized patients to monitor their glucose levels. This technique is associated with increased staff/patient contact and patient discomfort. We examined the correlation of the capillary blood glucose results obtained by the POCT device (Accuchek Inform II) with the serum glucose values obtained by the hospital laboratory and with the glucose readings obtained by the FDA-waived for in-patient use (because of COVID-19 pandemic) Freestyle Libre continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Methods: For this prospective cohort study fifty-two adult participants who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and admitted to non-critical units were recruited. Among them, 41 (79%) were male, 50 (96%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus. CGMS sensors were placed on patients’ arms, POCT and serum glucose measurements were taken as ordered. Descriptive statistics were calculated and linear mixed models were used to determine correlation. Results: There were a total of 467 Accuchek-Libre pairs with a highly statistically significant association between pairs, p&amp;lt;0.0001. There were also 44 serum glucose -Libre pairs, with a highly statistically significant association, p&amp;lt;0.0001. On average, for each unit increase in Libre glucose level, there was a 0.92 unit increase in Accuchek glucose level as well as a 1.05 unit increase in serum glucose level. Conclusion: These findings indicate excellent correlation between the standard POCT and the CGMS as well as between serum glucose and the CGMS values. Because of the advantages of the CGMS glucose readings over blood capillary glucose testing (reduced patient discomfort and reduced staff exposure to patients during the pandemic) hospitals should consider replacing capillary blood glucose testing with CGMS. Disclosure R. Murray-bachmann: None. K. Ziskovich: None. M. Sarbanes: None. T. Leung: None. A. Myers: None. S. Murthi: None. L. Poretsky: None.

The Impact of COVID-19-Related Lockdown on Diet and Serum Markers in Healthy Adults.

Due to limited data about the impact of lockdown on health status, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related lockdown on changes in dietary habits, physical activity and serum markers in healthy adults. A total of 38 asymptomatic adults aged from 23 to 59 with a normal BMI (22.5 kg/m2) participated in baseline and post-lockdown measurements that included dietary and physical activity assessment, anthropometric measurements and blood samples; and the lockdown survey which included dietary assessment and questionnaires about changes in lifestyle and physical activity. A decreased diet quality during lockdown was observed (Healthy Eating Index reduced from 64.59 to 61.08), which returned to near baseline post-lockdown. Energy intake decreased during lockdown (p = 0.002) and returned to baseline post-lockdown. Despite lower physical activity levels during lockdown (p = 0.035), we observed no significant changes in body composition. However, we observed a significant increase in serum glucose (p = 0.005), total cholesterol (p = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p = 0.049) post-lockdown. Increase in serum glucose levels was pronounced in subjects with higher increase in energy intake (p = 0.039), increased omega-6 fatty acids intake (p = 0.016), those who were exposed to several risky contacts (p = 0.018, compared to those with less risky contacts) and those who were not active in nature (p = 0.008, compared to those active in nature). Increased serum LDL was correlated to decreased monounsaturated fatty acids intake (p = 0.028). Within the limits of this preliminary report, changes in serum markers observed among healthy subjects point to a possible impact of COVID-19-related lockdown on adults’ health to be confirmed in larger groups.

Poor Metabolic Health Increases COVID-19-Related Mortality in the UK Biobank Sample.

Previous studies link obesity and components of metabolic health, such as hypertension or inflammation, to increased hospitalizations and mortality of patients with COVID-19. Here, in two overlapping samples of over 1,000 individuals from the UK Biobank we investigate whether metabolic health as measured by waist circumference, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and systemic inflammation is related to increased COVID-19 infection and mortality rate. Using logistic regression and controlling for confounding variables such as socioeconomic status, age, sex or ethnicity, we find that individuals with worse metabolic health (measured on average eleven years prior to 2020) have an increased risk for COVID-19-related death (adjusted odds ratio: 1.75). We also find that specific factors contributing to increased mortality are increased serum glucose levels, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference.