Increase Engine Performance Research Articles

Investigation of The Effect of Adding Natural Gas to A Gasoline Engine On Engine Performance and Emissions

Petroleum-based fuels are generally used in internal combustion engines. Petroleum-based fuels now have difficulty meeting Euro standards in terms of emissions. That's why different methods are used. One of these is that adding natural gas to fuels can be beneficial in reducing emissions and increasing engine performance. In the experimental study, the engine performance and emissions of adding natural gas at different rates (50, 100, 150 and 200 g/h) into the intake air of an engine using gasoline fuel at different torque values (5, 10, 15 and 20 Nm) at a constant 3000 rpm were examined. The engine used in the study is a Lombardini LGW 523 MPI gasoline two-cylinder engine. When the experimental results are examined, the addition of natural gas to gasoline fuel reduces fuel consumption. The lowest values in specific fuel consumption were obtained when natural gas was added. Emissions decreased with increasing torque. As the natural gas addition rate increased, the thermal efficiency increased.

Diesel Engine Turbocharger Monitoring by Processing Accelerometric Signals through Empirical Mode Decomposition and Independent Component Analysis

In this study, a method for the monitoring of internal combustion engine operation by vibration signals is proposed. The work falls within the context of the increasingly stringent standards relating to the environmental impact of engines and the development of monitoring and control techniques to ensure increased engine performance as well as fuel saving and reduction of pollutant emissions. Experimentation was performed on a turbocharged light-duty compression ignition direct-injection engine. Two monoaxial accelerometers were installed on the engine compressor case, the speed of which has been demonstrated to be closely related to the engine operation. Vibration measurements of the engine compressor case have been processed by combining the Empirical Mode Decomposition technique with Independent Component Analysis and Short Time Fourier Transform to indirectly estimate the turbocharger speed. The obtained traces have been compared to the direct turbocharger velocity measures during the stationary running of the engine (speed and load conditions varied in the complete engine’s range of operation). The results point out the potentiality of the methodology in algorithms devoted to identifying modifications of the combustion development regarding regular operation via indirect turbocharger speed monitoring.

Oxidation Driven Damage on SiC/BN/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite Aero-Engine Structures: An Iterative Computational Framework.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) could be a game changer in the aero-engine industry. Their density is circa one-third of their metallic counterpart. CMCs, furthermore, offer increased strength and greater capability at very high temperatures. This would allow for a reduction in cooling and an increased engine performance. Some challenges, besides the complexity of the manufacturing process, however, remain for the structural integrity of this technology. CMCs are inherently brittle; furthermore, they tend to oxidise when attacked by water or oxygen, and their constituents become brittle and more prone to failure. There are two main points of novelty proposed by this work. The first one is to model and reproduce recent oxidation experimental data with a simple Fick's law implemented in Abaqus. The parameters of this modelling are a powerful tool for the design of such material systems. The second aspect consists in the development of a new computational framework for iteratively calculating oxygen diffusion and stiffness degradation of the material. Oxidation and stiffness degradation are in fact coupled phenomena. The crack (or microcracking) opening, the function of applied stress, accelerates oxygen diffusion whilst the oxidation diffusion itself contributes to embrittlement and then damage introduction in the material system.

Analyzing pyrolysis's effect on the environment and renewable potential of thermochemical plastic recycling

This work uses cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles and purified plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) to create and evaluate nano fuel for four-stroke diesel engines. The objective is to increase engine performance and decrease emissions without altering the engine. PPO is mixed with conventional diesel fuel to form modified diesel fuel, which is then mixed with surfactant-modified CeO2 nanoparticles to produce a special nano fuel. HR-TEM, SEM, EDS, and XRD characterise the characteristics of the modified nanoparticles. A four-stroke diesel engine is used to test the nano fuel in order to assess emission characteristics and engine efficiency. Comparing the recommended procedure to commercial diesel fuel, the findings demonstrate a 16% reduction in pollutants and a 10% improvement in engine efficiency. This is because the oxygen in the nanoparticles makes the fuel purer and more viscous, which enhances burning efficiency. The performance and emission properties of the nano fuel are evaluated using a four-stroke diesel engine. The results show that, when compared to commercial diesel fuel, the suggested approach increases engine efficiency by 10% and decreases emissions by 16%. It also stresses employing nanoparticle additions to improve diesel engine performance without making substantial engine adjustments.

A machine learning-response surface optimization approach to enhance the performance of diesel engine using novel blends of Aloe vera biodiesel with MWCNT nanoparticles and hydrogen

This study aims to optimize the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel engine using wastewater-derived oxyhydrogen and nanoparticle-dispersed biodiesel/diesel blends. A Box Behnken Design (BBD) with L46 orthogonal arrays is employed to experiment with five factors and three levels of parameters: engine load, compression ratio, blend ratio, nanoparticle concentration, and oxyhydrogen (HHO) flow rate. In addition, six different machine learning algorithms (DTR, ABR, ETR, GBR, LGBM, and XGBR) are used to develop a prognostic model based on the acquired experimental data. These models estimate key performance indicators such as BTE, BSFC, CO, HC, and NOx. Based on the evaluation of performance indicators, including R2 (0.9729–0.9991), RMSE (0.0021–4.5765), MAE (0.0014–3.0015), and MAPE (2.37–4.83), the XGBR model demonstrates the most accurate predictions. Furthermore, the RSM-based desirability approach evaluates the trade-off between performance and emissions, thereby identifying the optimal engine operating condition. This condition includes a load of 7.17 kg, a compression ratio of 18:1, a blend ratio of 10 %, a nanoparticle concentration of 143 ppm, and an HHO flow rate of 5.57 L/min. The findings from the RSM analysis are validated through experimental investigation, demonstrating an error margin of 7 %. Overall, the introduction of oxyhydrogen improves combustion in a nanoparticle-dispersed biodiesel-diesel blend-powered diesel engine, resulting in increased engine performance and reduced carbon-based emissions, except for nitrogen oxide emissions.

Performance and Thrust Analysis of J4/Biodiesel mixtures at different ratios in a High Bypass Ratio Gas Turbine Engine

Nowadays, when the aviation sector is of primary importance for both civilian and military purposes, efforts to improve the power generation mechanisms required for aircraft are of current importance. Researchers are working to make gas turbine engines operate more efficiently, cost-effectively and environmentally friendly. In this study, the performance values of a high bypass ratio gas turbine engine at different biofuel addition rates were numerically analyzed. In the study where JP4 was used as jet fuel, a mixture of 25% Triglyceride (C6H8O6) and 75% Methanol (C1H4O1) was used as biofuel. In the study, the biofuel ratio was increased by 10% molar intervals. The results showed that as the biofuel ratio increased, the total pressure and exergy at the core nozzle exit of the turbofan engine increased parabolically. In addition, the increased engine performance data was reflected in the thrust produced and the net thrust increased as a result of the biofuel addition.

Experimental evaluation of gasoline-hexane fuel blends usage in a spark ignition engine

In the present study, the influences of hexane addition to gasoline were researched on performance and exhaust emissions in a SI engine. It was aimed to increase engine performance and thermal efficiency of spark ignition engine. So, a single cylinder, four stroke SI engine was operated with gasoline and gasoline/hexane fuel volumetric mixtures (H10, H20, H30 and H40) at wide opening throttle (WOT) and 4000, 3600, 3200, 2800 and 2400 rpm. It was seen that engine torque and power output decreased while SFC increased with the addition of hexane in the fuel blends. Engine torque decreased by 5.69%, 7.66%, 10.80%, 14.86% with H10, H20, H30 and H40 compared to gasoline at 2800 rpm grespectively. Thermal efficiency declined by 3.27%, 7.50%, 8.95% and 11.12% using H10, H20, H30 and H40 test fuels compared to gasoline at 2800 rpm respectively. Higher CO and HC were measured with fuel blends according to gasoline for all test fuels. CO reduced by 3.77% with H40 compared to H10 at 3200 rpm. On the contrary, CO2 increased by 16.49% with H40 compared to H10 at 3600 rpm. HC increased by about 21.26% H40 compared to H10 at 3200 rpm. Although there is no positive difference on exhaust emissions and thermal efficiency is reduced, gasoline/hexane fuel mixtures can be used without modifications in SI engines.

Intelligent Decision-Based Hydrogen-Biodiesel engine to improve engine performance

This study highlights the urgent need to improve the performance of biodiesel engines in light of the growing environmental challenges that are mostly brought on by a rise in vehicle usage. It introduces a novel approach by combining vegetable oil and hydrogen as an alternative fuel and using a Decision Elman Neural Framework (DENF) to adjust engine settings. Through the implementation of an all-inclusive strategy that includes data gathering, pre-processing, feature analysis, and real-time tracking, the system aims to increase engine performance while reducing environmental impact. A comparison with traditional techniques highlights the improved engine performance and reduced emissions that the suggested method achieves. Combining vegetable oil and hydrogen with DENF appears to be a key tactic for increasing engine efficiency and promoting sustainability in biodiesel engines. The data-driven approach results in a significant 7.4% improvement in engine performance and a 2.1% decrease in peak emissions. On the other hand, it is linked to a 19.8% increase in CO emissions and a 5.6% decrease in soot emissions, indicating better engine performance and a sustainable environment.

Behavior analysis of Low-Heat Rejection engine powered by biodiesel under varied exhaust gas recirculation ratios

ABSTRACT The key focus areas of the internal combustion engine architecture are energy effectiveness and greater thermal efficiency since 1/3 of the produced heat energy vanishes on the way to the atmosphere and the coolant. Experiments have looked into the viability of using tamanu biodiesel in a thermally insulated diesel engine. The engine was first put through its paces on regular diesel fuel as a comparison baseline. After that, the piston, exhaust, intake valve and cylinder head surfaces were coated with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) to act as thermal insulation for the engine. The engine coating was developed to improve the efficiency of the engine’s use of biodiesel blends by decreasing heat loss through the chamber walls with a thickness of 200 micrometers (µm). In addition, mixes of Tamanu biodiesel with diesel fuel were tested, including B10, B20, B30, and B100, to examine how these mixtures would influence the performance of the ceramic-coated low heat rejection (LHR) engine compared to the performance of the base diesel engine. Additionally, the impacts of different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratios on the operation of biodiesel-powered LHR engines were analyzed. The zirconia insulated LHR engine running on B20 performed the best, with a thermal efficiency of 28.57% and a brake specific energy consumption that was considerably lower than that of the baseline diesel engine. In addition, the LHR engine for B20 reduces carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions by 17% and 21.4%, respectively, compared to the B20-powered base diesel engine, although nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions slightly increase. However, the addition of 15% EGR to the B20-LHR engine produced a minor increment in hydrocarbon (HC), CO and smoke emissions, corresponding to 19.7% and 25.4%, respectively. By implementing 15% EGR with B20-LHR, the NOx level is reduced by 25.4% due to diluting the air-fuel mixture. The combination of 15% EGR with B20 for a thermal barrier-coated engine offers significant improvement by increasing engine performance and reducing emission characteristics.

An Experimental Study Using Canola Oil Biodiesel to Examine the Properties of a Diesel Engine with Decanol as an Additive

A naturally beneficial use of diesel is primarily threatened by the depletion of natural resources and the alarming rise in pollution levels. The majority of research conducted to date has been on the use of lower alcohols; information regarding a higher alcohol mix in canola oil biodiesel is less abundant. This study investigates the effects of adding a ternary mixture of diesel, biodiesel, and decanol as an additive to a CI engine. Diesel and biodiesel were combined with decanol to conduct tests. While the diesel concentration was maintained at 50% throughout, the decanol mixing concentrations were 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume. According to the study, as decanol concentration rises, brake specific fuel consumption falls and brake thermal efficiency rises. At full load, BTE values of 32.24% and 31.68% for pure diesel and D50COME20DEC30, respectively, were noted. The ternary blend D50COME20DEC30 BSFC was 12.89% and 20.63% lower than those of COME100 and D50COME50. Although the total heat release rate is seen to be reduced during the end phase of ignition, heat release rate is observed to increase with the expansion of decanol content in the ternary mix. NOx emissions for D50COME50 and for 10%, 20%, and 30% of decanol in the ternary blend were 1869 PPM, 1838 PPM, 1819 PPM, and 1810 PPM. Therefore, in order to increase engine performance and emissions without altering the CI engine, the present examination recommends a 30% blend of decanol, 20% biodiesel, and 50% diesel. Key Words: COME (Canola oil methyl ester), Decanol, Diesel, Performance, Combustion, Emission, CI Engine.

Review on Biodiesel Generations: Energy Demand, Costs, and Emissions

Faced with the growing demand for energy worldwide, fossil fuels, like any other resource available in finite quantities, are in the process of disappearing since their production cannot increase indefinitely. On the other hand, Russia's war with Ukraine is driving up fossil fuel prices, which in turn is impacting price increases at several levels. Added to this is the need to limit global warming, which is largely due to CO2 emissions from the consumption of fossil fuels.Faced with all these constraints, it is essential that the world looks to other sources of energy and that Morocco, in particular, can limit its energy dependence on fossil fuel imports by ensuring an internal energy supply; the best solution appears to be the development of biofuel and in particular, biodiesel. Due to their high energy content and compatibility with gasoline supply infrastructure, biodiesel may be utilized in motor vehicles.To achieve the optimal utilization of biodiesel in internal combustion engines, it is first required to choose the best feedstock that will provide both increased engine performance and economic viability.In this perspective, this paper provides a summary of the climate and energy situation in the world and in Morocco in particular, and then addresses the interest of biodiesel and its production.

Impact of Hydrogen on Emission Reduction in a CI Engine when Fuelled with Blends of Diesel-Waste Cooking Biodiesel

Waste utilisation and emission of greenhouse gases are two of the world's most pressing challenges today. This study seeks to solve the problem generated by the disposal of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as a tiny step forward in contributing to the reduction of waste disposal. WCO has a high potential as a bio fuel for internal combustion engines, hence it was chosen for this investigation. WCO of 20% and diesel 80% is used. This study looks at the performance, combustion and emission parameters of a dual fuel compression ignition engine running on WCO biodiesel with a hydrogen additive at atmospheric condition. The parametric study include variation in engine load (0-18 kg) and hydrogen flow rate (3, 6, 9 LPM). The experiment was conducted on a four-stroke diesel (computerized), single cylinder, water cooled power at 5.2 kW at 1500rpm Kirloskar engine. From the experiment overall parametric variation of 35.38%, 34.06% and 32.37% of brake thermal efficiency was obtained and emission was observed. However, with increase of hydrogen flow rate resulted in increased engine performance, increase in CO, NOx and reduction in emission of UBHC and CO2.

Modelling and optimisation of VCR diesel engine parameters fuelled with microalgae methyl-ester: a RSM-coupled Taguchi approach

ABSTRACT Due to the high consumption of fossil fuels and their environmental effects, researchers are attempting to develop clean and environmentally sustainable alternative fuels. This study employs a hybrid statistical approach, combining the Taguchi approach and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to optimise the input parameters of a diesel engine operating on microalgae methyl ester in order to increase engine performance. Through the execution of L16 pre-designed experiments, this work analyzes the significance of three key process parameters: engine load (25-50-75-100%), fuel injection pressure (200-210-220-230 bar), and microalgae biodiesel blends (B20-B40-B50-B100) with respect to brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The response surface methodology was utilised to conduct an experimental investigation. At 71.52% of the engine load, a 204.23 bar injection pressure and a microalgae biodiesel blend of 20% (B20) were found to be the optimal input parameters. The optimum setting of the input parameters provides responses of 31.83% BTE, 278.658 g/kWh of BSFC, 872.053 g/kWh of CO2, and 1725.57 ppm volume of NOx, respectively. The experimental and predicted responses were compared, and it was found that the optimised values were within acceptable limits, with an error of less than 6%.

A novel hybrid pyroelectric-Stirling engine power generation system

Temperature fluctuations in the thermal regenerator of Stirling Engine SE occur at relatively high frequencies, making them amenable to direct harvesting using Pyroelectric materials. This paper demonstrates the technical feasibility of a novel hybrid Stirling Engine (SE), coupled with inserted pyroelectric generators in its thermal regenerator, to produce extra power through the pyroelectric effect and increase engine performance. Theoretical models have been constructed to analyze the performance of the pyroelectric-Stirling engine (P-SE) system and determine its advantages over conventional SEs. The transient thermal behavior of the pyroelectric regenerator is modeled by subdividing it into multiple lumped sub-regenerators. Replacing the metal regenerator in a conventional SE at 750 K hot chamber temperature with a pyroelectric regenerator increased power production by 2.9%. Furthermore, at 25 Hz fluctuation, 15 mm regenerator length, and regenerator porosity of 0.6, the system efficiency of the hybrid P-SE system increased by 0.5% and 3.5% compared to systems using steel and aluminum regenerators, respectively. Also, the P-SE system operating at 25 Hz yields the highest combined efficiency of 49.8% at the regenerator porosity of 0.6.

DESIGN OF THE PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR USED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH THE HELP OF THE PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM AND ANSYS-MAXWELL

Performance and efficiency are among the most important parameters in electric motors. Improvements to the engine not only increase engine performance, but also affect production costs. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is a motor widely used in electric vehicles with its high torque density, high efficiency and production advantages. In this study, 110 kW (Adjust-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) AS-PMSM was designed for electric vehicle applications. The results of ANSYS-Maxwell and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms and the calculations of the optimized design were compared in line with the obtained data. In the design study, theoretical calculations, PSO algorithm and finite element method (FEM) based ANSYS-Maxwell software were used. Based on these values, the computer aided design of the engine was carried out. First of all, the basic design and performance criteria of the engine were determined. Parameters of the motor such as torque ripple, iron loss, efficiency and electromagnetic analysis were analyzed and optimized with ANSYS-Maxwell. Then, electrical, magnetic and performance analyzes of the motor were made. How the engine performance changes with the methods used has been examined in detail. Efficiency values were determined under various operating conditions in engine performance studies. The validity of the improvement study and the verification of the design study were examined by comparing the ANSYS results with the PSO algorithm results. The analysis results showed that the designed electric motor met the desired power values and design performance criteria.

Experimental investigation of the effects of boron oil additive in internal combustion engine

Using additives to engine oils increases engine performance, extending engine maintenance life, boosting the competitiveness of mineral-based oils technically and economically. In this study, the effects of liquid boron oil additive added to mineral-based 10 W-40 engine lubricating oil used in a single-cylinder diesel engine were investigated. 15 % of the engine oil volume was added to the engine as an additive. Experimental studies were carried out at three different engine speeds (i.e., 1500, 1750, and 2000 rpm). The engine, on which no changes were made, was first run with mineral lubricating oil, and then the experiments were repeated with mineral lubricating oil with 15 % boron additive. In the studies, engine torques, specific fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions (HC, CO, CO2, and NOx) were evaluated. In addition, the effects of operating the engine for 100 h without adding any additives and with oil additives containing 15 % boron were also investigated. It was found that engine torque and EGT increased while BSFC, CO2, HC, and NOx decreased in boron-added mineral lubricating oil for all revolutions. In addition, there was a general decrease in CO emissions. In-cylinder SEM images and oil analyses, which were operated with a 15 % boron additive to the engine oil, showed that the boron additive positively affected the engine.

Effect of C2-C5 Alcohol Blends with Diesel and Camphor Oil as Additive on the Performance and Emissions in Diesel Engine

The design of internal combustion has developed in many countries, so adopting highly optimized and increased engine performance and reduced emissions become essential. To enhance the property of the base diesel fuel, the alcohol namely ethanol and pentanol with camphor oil as an additive. The diesel engine which is fuelled with varying proportions of alcohol gave reduced amount of (NOx, HC and CO) and increased the brake thermal performance.

Experimental Investigation in Performance Evaluation of Nano Additives Diesel Blend using Diesel Engine

The use of petrol and diesel engines is very high. But the environment is also polluted according to its use. Currently many researches are being carried out to reduce the pollutions in engines such as by the addition of nano particles and other seed oils. This research is carried out to study the effect of nanoparticles combined with diesel to increase efficiency and also to reduce emissions. The use of nanoparticles can increase engine performance and reduces emissions. A single-cylinder four stroke vertical diesel engine is used to inspect the nanoparticles. The additives used in the researches are zinc oxide nanoparticles and cobalt oxide nano particles. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) were mixed with diesel fuel from 5 to 8 ppm ratio. Better value of brake thermal efficiency was obtained at D + 7ppm.

Experimental study on the variation of car radiator frontal area using Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol nano coolant

In automobiles, the cooling system is essential in increasing engine performance. Conventional coolants like water and ethylene glycol have low thermal conductivity. Nanotechnology allows the development of a high thermal conductivity coolant named ‘nanocoolant’, a colloidal suspension. This study is focused on the effect of nanocoolant size on the radiator, which is also responsible for fuel consumption. To prepare nanocoolant two-step method was used, in which nanoparticles were prepared separately and dispersed in a base fluid under ultrasonic agitation. This research was carried out for the dispersion of Al2O3 in a water-ethylene glycol mixture with volume concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%. The experimentation was carried out on 180, 216, 288 and 360 mm tube-length radiators. The experiments were conducted at a coolant inlet temperature 65 °C, air velocity of 1.05 m/s, and volume rate of 4 to 9 litres per minute. The result shows that using 0.2% Al2O3 nanoparticles, the overall heat transfer coefficient was augmented by 43% more than the base fluid. It is also seen that for 0.6% volume fraction nanocoolant, approximately 65% reduction in frontal radiator area is possible, which leads to decrement in the drag force and pumping power.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Acetone Additive to Diesel Fuel on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions at Partial Loads

In this study, it is aimed to gain good characteristics that can directly affect daily life with more environmentally friendly, economical, and performance fuels. For these purposes, acetone has been added to the fuel. Since acetone has a high vapor pressure, it is aimed to increase engine performance by taking advantage of its volatility. It is thought that emissions will also improve with increased engine performance. The experiments were carried out using a heavy-duty engine with a displacement of 11670 cc. Engine performance and emission values were investigated at 100, 200, and 300 Nm partial loads and at 600 rpm constant engine speed by adding 5% and 10% acetone to diesel fuel. The results were compared with pure diesel fuel. Compared to the pure diesel fuel, the BTE value of A5D95 fuel was observed to be 3.28% and 2.60% better, respectively, under 100 and 200 Nm load, while the BTE value of A10D90 fuel was 0.23% and 0.05% worse. Compared to the pure diesel fuel, the BTE value of A5D95 fuel was observed to be 3.28% and 2.60% better, respectively, under 100 and 200 Nm load, while the BTE value of A10D90 fuel was 0.23% and 0.05% worse. Since there was an unexpected decrease in the BTE value of pure diesel under 300 Nm load, only A5D95 and A10D90 fuels were compared at this load. It was found that the BTE value of A5D95 fuel under 300 Nm load was 0.65% higher than A10D90 fuel. While 10% acetone additive A10D90 fuel could not have a positive effect on efficiency, it was determined that A5D95 fuel with 5% acetone additive was more efficient than other fuel types at all loads. When the emission rates of D100, A5D95, and A10D90 fuels are evaluated according to the power they produce under 100, 200, and 300 Nm loads, the CO emission rate of A5D95 fuel is less than that of pure diesel at other loads except 100 Nm load. However, the NOx ratio was higher at all loads. These results support the higher efficiency of A5D95 fuel compared to pure diesel. Other results are discussed in detail in section 3.