A general mechanism to maintain epithelial integrity during tissue movements is to couple adhesion strength with mechanical force. Mechanosensitive proteins are recruited to cell-cell contacts to reinforce membrane-cortex linkage in response to elevated tension. However, how protein recruitment achieves necessary speed and precision to match the instant nature of force remains unknown. Here we identify a direct "edge-to-vertex" transport mechanism that couples the flow of the adhesion protein Canoe/Afadin to pulsatile actomyosin dynamics, ensuring that adhesion is reinforced precisely where and when force is applied. Genetically, this mechanosensitive transport is gated by kinase-independent activities of Mbt/PAK. In its absence, Canoe/Afadin forms aberrant elliptical condensates at cell edges, becoming unresponsive to mechanical cues. Remarkably, these condensates are dissolved by a simple, physiological increase in temperature, which restores directional protein flow and rescues adhesion-bypassing the genetic requirement of Mbt/PAK. Lastly, we demonstrate that transport efficiency is governed by cortical mobility threshold, fine-tuned through Canoe/Afadin condensation. These results identify a force-coupled transport strategy to ensure adhesion-tension coupling with spatial and temporal precision in living tissues.

This study examines the influence of agroclimatic indicators on the variability of maize crop yield in Slovenia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on three categories of agroclimatic indicators: temperature and heat stress during the growing season, spring frost conditions, and precipitation conditions during the growing season. Six principal components were identified, each accounting for at least 64% of the variability in the initial datasets. Spearman correlation analysis between the principal components and maize yield at two trial sites revealed statistically significant correlations for three components: 'high precipitation conditions,' 'temperature conditions during the growing season,' and 'maize plant heat stress conditions.' Maize yield at the trial sites exhibited a positive correlation with slightly above-average precipitation during the growing season, whereas a weak negative correlation was observed with elevated growing season temperatures and maize plant heat stress conditions. The historical spatial distribution of the principal components indicated average conditions across most of the region, with some regional variations. Future projections suggest an increase in the frequency of high precipitation events, primarily in regions that already experienced sufficient precipitation historically. Warmer growing season conditions and significantly more frequent heat stress conditions are also anticipated under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario, particularly in the southwestern, central, and eastern parts of the country. The results of the study suggest a potential decline in future maize yields at the trial sites due to the projected increase in temperature and heat stress conditions. These findings offer valuable insights for agricultural planning and climate adaptation strategies in Slovenia. • Six principal components were calculated to represent the agroclimatic variability. • Positive correlation between maize yield and high summer precipitation conditions. • Negative correlation between maize yield and elevated growing season temperatures. • A substantial future increase is projected in 'maize plant heat stress conditions'.

Auxin plays diverse roles in plant growth and development, including sensing environmental changes. Quantifying the interaction between auxin coreceptors provides the molecular basis for cells to sense and adapt to environmental cues. Although several assays are available, a more high-throughput method is necessary to efficiently evaluate the auxin-induced binding of coreceptors. We developed a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay to quantitatively measure the binding between the Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) and indole-3-acetic acid 7 (IAA7) auxin coreceptor proteins. The HTRF assay provides a rapid analysis with sensitivity similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We demonstrated its effectiveness by analyzing the potency of several auxin analogs to induce binding between TIR1 and IAA7. We also found that a mild increase in temperature impairs the binding activity of TIR1 to IAA7. This method provides a rapid and robust tool to evaluate the auxin-induced binding between TIR1 and Aux/IAA auxin coreceptors. A similar strategy may also be applicable to study other plant hormone heterodimer coreceptors.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that function in protecting cells from proteotoxicity. Eukaryotes have multiple HSPs that localize in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria. In cnidarian species, where HSPs are often used as biomarkers of environmental stress, little is known about how particular HSPs vary in copy number, expression, inducibility, and regulation within a species. Here, we characterized the full repertoire of HSP70 and HSP90 genes in an emerging model cnidarian, Nematostella vectensis. We identified five HSP70 and three HSP90 genes, with at least one homolog from each family belonging to the three primary clades based on subcellular localization. Although transcriptional induction remained insignificant by a 10°C temperature change, two cytosolic HSP70s and one cytosolic HSP90 were significantly upregulated with a 20°C temperature increase. Most HSPs exhibited similar developmental expression patterns, with elevated expression during the early larval stage followed by reduced expression in the juvenile stage. HSPs showed evidence for differential expression across cell types, with multiple cytosolic and ER HSPs being highly expressed in neuronal and cnidocyte populations. Moreover, the putative promoters of N. vectensis HSPs differed in both the abundance and sequences of regulatory heat shock element motifs, providing a potential mechanism of functional diversification in response to temperature and development. By characterizing expression of all HSP70 and HSP90 genes in this cnidarian, we reveal distinct roles of these core chaperones in the proteostasis response, providing a foundation for future functional studies on contributions of HSPs to cnidarian life cycle and stress resilience.

Numerical simulations can be adopted to aid the evaluation of the interaction between switched gradient fields and metallic implants and estimate the possible temperature increase. Anyway, an analysis of the consistency of their prediction with experiments is lacking, differently from what can be found for exposure to radiofrequency fields. The purpose of this work is to fill this gap. A systematic comparison between experiments and simulations was conducted, considering commercial metallic orthopedic implants. The complexity of the exposure scenario was gradually increased, starting from the conditions defined in the ISO/TS 10974:2018 standard and moving to more realistic exposure scenarios with sinusoidal or pulsed gradient fields. The computational tools demonstrated an overall good capability in predicting the outcomes of the experimental tests, as long as numerical simulations are properly set up (building of the virtual model, discretization parameters, positioning/orientation of the object). The consistency between simulations and measurements is comparable with the one obtainable under radiofrequency exposure and decreases with exposure complexity. The results pave the way for the use of numerical simulations to support laboratory testing of passive implants heating under time-varying gradient fields.

Influence of the burial depth of series-connected shallow vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers on rock mass temperature

Previous studies have demonstrated associations between extreme heat and mental health; however, the acute temporal dynamics of this relationship, including diurnal variation and lag, remain unexplored, particularly among high-risk groups such as those who are unstably housed. In this time-stratified case-crossover study, we investigated the association between hourly ambient temperature exposure and psychiatric emergency department (ED) visits in a vulnerable population in the United States. Using data from the Boston Emergency Services Team, we identified warm-season (May-September) psychiatric ED visits from 2005 through 2019, including publicly insured and uninsured individuals in Massachusetts. Hourly ambient temperature at 1 × 1 km spatial resolution was estimated for each individual's residential location for each of the 24 hours preceding each ED visit. Among 63,691 psychiatric ED visits, cumulative hourly temperature increases were associated with elevated psychiatric emergency risk over 24 hours. At the 99th percentile (31.96°C), risk increased 1.13-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.25) compared with the minimum morbidity temperature (8.57°C). Hyper-acute exposure (0-6 hours) showed imprecise protective associations, while delayed exposure (15-18 hours) demonstrated substantially increased risk. Notably, sustained extreme heat exposure was associated with stronger risk (e.g., 14 hours of extreme temperatures yielded a 1.43-fold increased risk [95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.94]). Our results demonstrate that heat impacts are acute (i.e., within a single day) but not immediate, manifesting most strongly after several hours of sustained exposure. These findings suggest diurnal temporal patterns should be considered for heat-health interventions and provide insights for clinical resource allocation during extreme heat.

Diurnal temperature fluctuations drive compartment-specific microbial dynamics in tissue and skeleton of Stylophora pistillata from marginal reefs.

Lichtenberg drinking water reservoir, Germany. Coupled hydrological-hydrodynamic modeling is used to evaluate an adaptation strategy for the dimictic Lichtenberg reservoir under climate warming in a realistic operational setup. An ensemble of three one-dimensional lake models, coupled with a rainfall-runoff model, simulated reservoir thermal dynamics through the end of the century under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, comparing current and adapted management. The current management strategy releases cold water from near the reservoir bottom to the downstream river, facilitating downward heat transfer within the reservoir. Under this strategy, the ensemble predicted consistent increases in surface and deep water temperatures, highest under RCP8.5 at 0.4 and 0.1 K/decade, respectively. To mitigate this impact, the water release depth to the downstream river is shifted closer to the surface. Surface water temperature, which is primarily driven by meteorology, was insensitive to this strategy. Conversely, the adapted strategy kept deep water isolated through thermal stratification for a longer period and reduced its temperature by about 1.5 K over time and across climate scenarios. This prevented early-summer hypolimnetic depletion and increased the availability of cold deep water for drinking water production. Epilimnetic withdrawal thus emerges as an effective, operationally feasible measure to help preserve water quality and supply in dimictic reservoirs under climate change. • Epilimnetic withdrawal counteracts hypolimnetic warming in a dimictic reservoir. • Coupled hydrological-hydrodynamic ensemble simulation reduces uncertainty. • Reproducing site-specific operation improves simulation realism and applicability.

Understanding heat transfer under near-critical pressure conditions is essential for the safe design of thermal-hydraulic systems such as future supercritical water reactors. While these systems operate under supercritical conditions during normal operation, subcritical states may occur during start-up, shutdown, or loss-of-pressure accidents. Under such conditions, a boiling crisis may develop if the critical heat flux (CHF) is exceeded, resulting in a sudden deterioration of heat transfer and a sharp increase in heating surface temperature. This behavior poses a significant safety concern, as excessive wall temperatures can result in fuel cladding degradation or failure and compromise overall system integrity. Experimental investigations on the boiling crisis, the associated critical heat flux, and heat transfer under post-CHF conditions have been conducted for several decades, leading to the development of various predictive approaches. However, most studies have focused on pressure ranges relevant to conventional pressurized water reactors. In contrast, experimental data at reduced pressures in the range 0.7 < p r < 1 remain scarce. To address this gap, the present study provides a comprehensive dataset on CHF and post-CHF heat transfer obtained from an industrial-scale test facility operating in this pressure regime. The dataset comprises 176 fully documented experiments using water as working fluid. The systematic variation of experimental parameters enables an interpretation of the contributions of the physical mechanisms governing the onset of the boiling crisis and post-CHF heat transfer with respect to pressure, mass flux, inlet temperature, and heat flux. This approach allows the identification of parameters that favorably or unfavorably influence CHF and characterize their impact on post-CHF heat transfer, thereby supporting the development and validation of improved safety-relevant prediction methods for next-generation nuclear reactor concepts. • Data gap in literature identified for CHF and post-CHF heat transfer. • Scarce data available for reduced pressures (pr > 0.7). • Water dataset generated at pr > 0.7 using an industrial-scale test-rig. • 176 CHF and post-CHF experiments with fully documented datasets. • Parametric trends identified at high subcritical pressures.

Optimization of liquid smoke production from coconut shell waste via slow pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor using FCCD-RSM

• Multi-decal well data from the regional coastal aquifer in a semi-arid area was utilized to follow the trend in groundwater temperature. • Groundwater temperatures under a densely urban area indicated a 0.13 °C per year increase in groundwater temperature. • Rural environments showed a similar groundwater temperature increase as the land surface temperature. The rise in groundwater temperature is a growing concern, primarily driven by urbanization and increasing global temperatures. While long-term trends of groundwater warming have been documented in temperate regions, these trends are rarely studied in semi-arid areas. This study aims to quantify three decades of groundwater temperature changes in an Eastern Mediterranean Coastal Aquifer, a critical freshwater resource affected by hydroclimatic variations and rapid urban expansion. Utilizing temperature records from over 1,000 wells and satellite-derived land surface temperatures (LST), the study reconstructs the spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater warming in both urban and rural areas. The results indicate notable changes in both absolute temperatures and spatial structure. In urban areas of the central part of the coastal aquifer, groundwater temperatures have increased significantly by 0.13 °C per year, which is much higher than regional air temperature trends and global groundwater warming rates. In contrast, the rural northern and southern regions exhibit groundwater warming rates similar to those of LST trends, ranging from approximately 0.02 to 0.07 °C per year. Correlation analyses reveal a shift from natural factors, such as vadose-zone thickness, latitude, and proximity to the sea, to human-induced factors, including declining rural land cover and changes in soil properties associated with urban development. These findings highlight that subsurface warming in semi-arid coastal aquifers is greatly intensified by urbanization, which may have significant implications for groundwater quality.

Characterization and environmental stress-induced expression profiling of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) following short-heatwave and silver exposure.

A thermal calorimetric investigation on potentially high-density hydrogen storage materials

A hybrid dynamical–stochastic model of maximum temperature time series of Imphal, Northeast India incorporating nonlinear feedback and noise diagnostics

Photoperiod manipulation and rapid temperature increase accelerate maturation and induce luteinizing hormone-mediated spawning in Pacific bluefin tuna

Field testing and numerical analysis of pavement-integrated photovoltaic/thermal system (PIPVT)

Impacts of climate variability and multiple fertilization strategies on rainfed maize production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are commonly used in various industries, but they can be toxic and pose significant health risks, primarily affecting the respiratory system and contaminating groundwater. As a result, there is growing interest in developing reliable sensors for monitoring VOCs. This study presents a convenient and straightforward sensor that utilizes cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) for quantitatively detecting volatile organic solvents. Our results demonstrate the performance of two cholesteric liquid crystal sensors, CLC1 and CLC2, across varying concentrations and temperatures. CLC1 exhibited the fastest response times, with the R color channel achieving the shortest response of 5.4 s and the highest linear correlation, particularly at elevated temperatures (27–30 °C). Ethanol was also evaluated within a similar operating window, but it produced a measurable yet weaker optical response than acetone under controlled temperature conditions, requiring a broader concentration range to capture the dynamic response prior to signal saturation. In contrast, CLC2 performed optimally in the G color channel for acetone detection, showing the most consistent and reliable linearity across 21–24.5 °C. These findings underscore the significant influence of volatile organic solvents and temperature on sensor performance and confirm that specific optical channels (R for CLC1, G for CLC2) are most suitable for quantitative, liquid-phase detection. • CLCs enable rapid, real-time VOC solvent detection and customizable sensor design. • CLC1 (red) showed strongest linearity and fastest response at 27–30 °C. • CLC2 (green) exhibited best stability and sensitivity at 21–24.5 °C. • Temperature increase enhanced response speed and detection performance. • Findings guide tailored CLC design for VOC sensing across environments.

Understanding how leaf gas exchange responds to changes in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is key to predicting tropical forest resilience to climate change. Stomata regulate leaf water and CO2 diffusion, and respond to changes in temperature and relative humidity, two drivers of VPD. At high temperatures, the cuticular pathway may also become significant and participate in the overall leaf conductance. Here, we measured gas exchange under light and dark conditions to investigate the stomatal and cuticular responses to temperature and relative humidity on detached branches in five tropical tree species. Leaf conductance in the dark, when stomata are essentially closed, was not markedly impacted by temperature and relative humidity, suggesting a minimal response of the cuticular pathway to these conditions. We compared six steady-state conductance models incorporating different effects of photosynthesis and evaporative demand on stomatal control. All models performed well (RMSE < 0.025 mol m-2 s-1), but the best-fitting model (RMSE = 0.017 mol m-2 s-1) used a nonlinear relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and incorporated relative humidity rather than vapor pressure difference. All models overestimated the steady-state conductance at high relative humidity. Furthermore, leaf conductance immediately increased after a decrease in relative humidity (wrong-way response), but not after an increase in leaf temperature. This suggests that the mechanisms underlying stomatal response to VPD need further investigation. The non-linear coupling between photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance indicates a sharper physiological response than previously acknowledged.