Increase In Rate Research Articles

The burden of iodine deficiency

IntroductionIodine deficiency is a global issue; however, no comparable assessments of the burden of iodine deficiency have been conducted worldwide. Hence, we measured the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2019. Our aim was to quantify the geographic differences in the burden of iodine deficiency worldwide.Material and methodsThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 methodology was employed to investigate the worldwide, regional, and national incidence of iodine deficiency and the accompanying disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).ResultsThe global age-standardized incidence (ASI) and DALY rates of iodine deficiency declined from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of –0.44 and –1.35, respectively. Low and low-middle SDI had much higher ASI and DALY rates of iodine deficiency than other SDI regions. At the regional level, the largest growth in the ASI rate of iodine insufficiency from 1990 to 2019 occurred in East Asia, and at the national level, the greatest increases in the ASI rate of iodine deficiency occurred in the Philippines, Pakistan and Nepal. In addition, males had a lower worldwide ASI rate of iodine insufficiency than females did, with the incidence rate peaking in populations aged 20–24.ConclusionsBetween 1990 and 2019, there was a decline in the global ASI and DALY rates of iodine deficiency. However, East Asia, the Philippines, Pakistan and Nepal exhibited the largest increases in the ASI rates of iodine deficiency, demonstrating their significant burden of iodine insufficiency. These regions must therefore be targeted for intervention.

Influence of alkaline earth metals on the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of lead babbit BKa, BSt, BBa (PbSb15Sn10) in NaCl electrolyte medium

The article presents the results of study of the effect of additions of calcium, strontium and barium (0.01–1.0 wt %) as a structure modifier on the anodic behavior of lead babbits BKa, BSt, BBa (PbSb15Sn10) in NaCl electrolyte medium. The studies were carried out by the potentiostatic method in a potentiodynamic mode with a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s.Studies show that with time the free corrosion potential of alloys shifts to the positive side, and with an increase in the concentration of the modifier (calcium, strontium and barium) in lead babbits, acquires a positive value. The addition of calcium to lead babbit BKa (PbSb15Sn10Ca) increases its corrosion resistance by 10 – 15%, strontium BST (PbSb15Sn10Sr) by 15–20%, and barium BBa (PbSb15Sn10Ba) by 20–25%. An increase in the corrosion rate of alloys was noted, regardless of t heir composition from the NaCl concentration in the solution. It has been shown that an increase in the chloride ion concentration in the NaCl electrolyte leads to a decrease in the potentials of free corrosion, repassivation, and pitting formation of alloys.

Effects of dietary L-tryptophan supplementation on agonistic behavior, feeding behavior, growth performance, and nutritional composition of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

In the pond culture of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), high stocking densities usually increase the frequency of agonistic behavior, which can directly impact crab integrity, survival, and growth and result in economic losses. We hoped to reduce agonistic behavior by adding additives to feed. In this study, we first observed the agonistic behavior of E. sinensis in 5 molting periods (from first molting to puberty molting) during the adult grow-out stage. Then, we assessed the effects of L-TRP as a feed additive on the agonistic behavior of juvenile, precocious, subadult, and adult crabs. Finally, we performed 106 days of cage culture to assess the effects of L-TRP on feeding behavior, animal vitality, growth performance, and nutritional composition. The results showed that the intensity of agonistic behavior was significantly higher after puberty molting than in other molting periods during the adult grow-out stage. Moreover, L-TRP supplementation inhibited the agonistic behavior of juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs, but it did not affect the precocious crabs. During cage culture, L-TRP significantly improved crab vitality after 3 weeks but not after 6 and 9 weeks, but it reduced the ingestion rate after 9 weeks. Moreover, the L-TRP group showed a significant increase in the weight gain rate and specific growth rate after the fourth molting. After 106 days of culture, the content of proline and fatty acids in the muscle decreased significantly after L-TRP diet supplementation. Some long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids also decreased significantly in the hepatopancreas. However, we must focus on the adverse effects of L-TRP on Pro and fatty acid composition. Further research is required on the balance between inhibition of agonistic behavior and effects of L-TRP on the nutritional quality of E. sinensis.

Selective Oxidation of Glycerol to Lactic Acid Catalyzed by CuO/Activated Carbon and Reaction Kinetics.

Activated carbon-supported CuO catalysts were prepared by an ammonia evaporation method and applied to catalyze the selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid. The effects of CuO loadings on the structure and catalytic performance of the catalyst were investigated. Results showed that CuO could be dispersed uniformly on the surface of activated carbon, promoting the increase of the reaction rate and accelerating the glycerol conversion significantly. As CuO loadings increased, the rate of glycerol consumption and yield to lactic acid was increased. However, too high CuO loadings would destroy the original pore structure of activated carbon and aggravate the agglomeration of CuO, resulting in a decrease in the catalytic performance of the catalyst. The best catalytic performance was obtained over 10% CuO/AC when the reaction temperature was 190 °C and the reaction time was 5 h. At this point, the selectivity to lactic acid reached 92.61%. In addition, power-function type reaction kinetic equations were used to evaluate the effect of glycerol and NaOH concentrations and the reaction temperature on the oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid over 10% CuO/AC. The activation energy of the reaction is 134.39 kJ·mol-1, which is higher than that using single CuO as the catalyst. This indicates that CuO/AC is more temperature-sensitive than CuO and can probably achieve a higher lactic acid yield at high temperatures. At the same time, it is indicated that CuO supported on activated carbon can enhance the catalytic activity of CuO effectively.

Clinico-Pathological Alterations and Therapeutic Management of Thiram Poisoning in Cattle

As there is very scarce literature on fungicide poisoning in livestock animals and in view of reporting fungicide poisoning in cattle in the study area, the present study was conducted to study the clinico-pathology of thiram poisoning in cattle and to standardize the therapeutic regime for the poisoning cases. Clinical cases suspected for Thiram poisoning on the basis of confirm evidence from animal owner were subjected to clinical examination, hematology and therapeutic management. Cases died of severe poisoning were subjected to post-mortem examination. A total of 17 cattle suspected for Thiram poisoning on the basis of history and evidence showed clinical signs of sudden onset of anorexia, salivation, shivering, teeth grinding, restlessness, prolonged sitting, tympany, colic, dyspnea and constipation or diarrhea in few cases. Significant increase in heart rate and respiration rate was observed while hematological analysis showed non-significant changes compared to healthy counterparts. Post-mortem and histopathological examination of cattle died of thiram poisoning showed mild hepatocellular degeneration, tubular necrosis in kidneys with focal infiltrates while marked edema and congestion was evident in lung tissues. The ailing cattle were treated with fluid therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin B complex, atropine sulphate, antihistaminics along with laxative and prebiotics-probiotics showed good response to treatment with complete clinical recovery in 4-5 days of treatment. Being there is no specific antidote, the cases of fungicide like Thiram poisoning could be managed with symptomatic treatment and regular clinical assessment of the severity of the poisoning.

Frequency of Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms Associated with Bacterial Coinfections in Hospitalized Patient with Covid-19: A Literature Review

Patients with a doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) may be at risk of associated bacterial co-infections, and the involvement of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms in these cases can lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of the main MDR microorganisms associated with bacterial co-infections in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. To this end, we carried out a search in the PubMed and Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, from December 2019 to September 2023, with the keywords COVID-19, co-infection and multidrug-resistant microorganism. Of the 535 articles initially found, only 14 were selected for analysis. Gram-negative bacteria were most frequently involved in bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 (70%). Among these, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii predominated, with 85.71% and 78.57%, respectively. Among gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (71.42%) was the most common. Among MDR microorganisms, the prevalent species were carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (32%) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (85.7%). Furthermore, a higher frequency of MDR microorganisms was observed in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICU). Thus, the findings of the present study indicate the need for attention to infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Survival outcome and prognostic factors for early-onset and late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer: a population based study from SEER database

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and there has been a concerning increase in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer among individuals under the age of 50. This study compared the survival outcome between early-onset and late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer to find the differences and identify their prognostic factors. We obtained patient data from SEER database. Survival outcome was estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted utilizing COX models to identify their independent prognostic factors. A total of 10,036 early-onset metastatic colorectal (EOCRC) cancer patients and 56,225 late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer (LOCRC) patients between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study. EOCRC has more survival benefits than LOCRC. Tumor primary location (p < 0.001), the location of metastasis (p < 0.001) and treatment modalities (p < 0.001) affect the survival outcomes between these two groups of patients. Female patients had better survival outcomes in EOCRC group (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in LOCRC group (p = 0.57). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that EOCRC patients have longer survival time than LOCRC patients. The sex differences in survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients are associated with patients’ age. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the differences between metastatic EOCRC and LOCRC, and can help inform the development of more precise treatment guidelines to improve prognosis.

Effect of Intracerebroventricular Administration of Galanin-Like Peptide on Hepatokines in C57BL/6J Mice.

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide that was first isolated and identified from the porcine hypothalamus. Studies have described an anti-obesity effect of GALP. We previously found that intracerebroventricular administration of GALP in mice resulted in an increase in respiratory exchange rate 12 to 16h later. GALP may also affect glucose metabolism, but the detailed mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of GALP on glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. Nine-week-old male C57BL / 6J mice were administered a single intracerebroventricular dose of saline or GALP and dissected 16h later. There were no significant between-group differences in body weight and blood glucose levels. With regard to gene and protein expression, G6Pase associated with hepatic gluconeogenesis was significantly reduced in the GALP group. In addition, the hepatokines selenoprotein P and fetuin-A, which induce insulin resistance in the liver, were significantly decreased in the GALP group. These results suggest that intracerebroventricular administration of GALP decreases the expression of key hepatokines, thereby enhancing glucose metabolism.

The impact of the cost-of-living crisis on population health in the UK: rapid evidence review

BackgroundIn the UK, unique and unforeseen factors, including COVID-19, Brexit, and Ukraine-Russia war, have resulted in an unprecedented cost of living crisis, creating a second health emergency. We present, one of the first rapid reviews with the aim of examining the impact of this current crisis, at a population level. We reviewed published literature, as well as grey literature, examining a broad range of physical and mental impacts on health in the short, mid, and long term, identifying those most at risk, impacts on system partners, including emergency services and the third sector, as well as mitigation strategies.MethodsWe conducted a rapid review by searching PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and HMIC (2020 to 2023). We searched for grey literature on Google and hand-searched the reports of relevant public health organisations. We included interventional and observational studies that reported outcomes of interventions aimed at mitigating against the impacts of cost of living at a population level.ResultsWe found that the strongest evidence was for the impact of cold and mouldy homes on respiratory-related infections and respiratory conditions. Those at an increased risk were young children (0–4 years), the elderly (aged 75 and over), as well as those already vulnerable, including those with long-term multimorbidity. Further short-term impacts include an increased risk of physical pain including musculoskeletal and chest pain, and increased risk of enteric infections and malnutrition. In the mid-term, we could see increases in hypertension, transient ischaemic attacks, and myocardial infarctions, and respiratory illnesses. In the long term we could see an increase in mortality and morbidity rates from respiratory and cardiovascular disease, as well as increase rates of suicide and self-harm and infectious disease outcomes. Changes in behaviour are likely particularly around changes in food buying patterns and the ability to heat a home. System partners are also impacted, with voluntary sectors seeing fewer volunteers, an increase in petty crime and theft, alternative heating appliances causing fires, and an increase in burns and burn-related admissions. To mitigate against these impacts, support should be provided, to the most vulnerable, to help increase disposable income, reduce energy bills, and encourage home improvements linked with energy efficiency. Stronger links to bridge voluntary, community, charity and faith groups are needed to help provide additional aid and support.ConclusionAlthough the CoL crisis affects the entire population, the impacts are exacerbated in those that are most vulnerable, particularly young children, single parents, multigenerational families. More can be done at a community and societal level to support the most vulnerable, and those living with long-term multimorbidity. This review consolidates the current evidence on the impacts of the cost of living crisis and may enable decision makers to target limited resources more effectively.

An overlooked effect of hydroxylamine on anammox granular sludge: Promoting granulation and boosting activity

The exogenous hydroxylamine dosing has been proven to enhance nitrite supply for anammox bacteria. In this study, exogenous hydroxylamine was fed into a sequencing batch reactor to investigate its long-term effect on anammox granular sludge. The results showed that hydroxylamine enhanced the reactor's performance with an increase in total nitrogen removal rate from 0.23 to 0.52 kg N/m3/d and an increase in bacterial activity from 11.65 to 78.24 mg N/g VSS/h. Meanwhile, hydroxylamine promoted granulation by eluting flocs. And higher anammox activity and granulation were supported by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) characteristics. Moreover, Candidatus Brocadia's abundance increased from 1.10 % to 3.03 %, and its symbiosis with heterotrophic bacteria was intensified. Additionally, molecular docking detailed the mechanism of the hydroxylamine effect. Overall, this study would provide new insights into the hydroxylamine dosing strategy application.

Neutral and Cationic Re(I) Complexes with Pnictogen-Based Coligands and Tunable Functionality: From Phosphorescence to Photoinduced CO Release.

In this work, we have explored Re(I) complexes featuring triphenylpnictogen (PnPh3, Pn = P, As, or Sb)-based coligands and bidentate (neutral or monoanionic) luminophores derived from 1,10-phenantroline (phen), as well as from 2-(3-(tert-butyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine (H(N-tBu)). The effect of the increasingly heavy elements on the structural parameters, photoexcited-state properties, and electrochemical behavior as well as the hybridization defects and polarization of the Pn atoms was related to the charges of the main luminophores (i.e., phen vs N-tBu) and explored in terms of photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and quantum-chemical methods. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the bonding, crystal packing, excited-state energies, and lifetimes was assessed in liquid solutions, frozen glassy matrices, and crystalline phases along with a semiquantitative photoactivation study. Notably, by changing the main ligand from phen to N-tBu, an increase in radiative and radiationless deactivation rates (kr and knr, respectively) at 77 K together with a faster photoinduced CO release and fragmentation at room temperature was detected. In addition, a progressively red-shifted phosphorescence was observed with the growing atomic number of the pnictogen atom, along with a boost in kr and knr at 77 K. Down the Vth main group and upon coordination of the Pn atom to the Re(I) center, an increasingly prominent jump of s-orbital participation on the binding sxp3.00-orbitals of the Pn atoms is evidenced. Based on these findings, the ability of these complexes to act as tunable photoluminescent labels able to perform as light-driven CO-releasing molecules is envisioned.

A Post-Pandemic New Normal for Interest Rates in Emerging Bond Markets? Evidence from Chile

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers intensely debated the extent of the decline in the steady-state short-term real interest rate—the so-called equilibrium or natural rate of interest. Given the recent sharp increase in interest rates, we revisit this question in an emerging bond market context and offer a Chilean perspective using a dynamic term structure finance model estimated directly on the prices of individual Chilean inflation indexed bonds with adjustments for bond-specific liquidity risk and real term premia. We estimate that the equilibrium real rate in Chile fell about 2 and a half percentage points in the 2003-2022 period and has remained low since then.

Incentivizing Student Participation in QAS Questionnaires: An Evaluation of a Guaranteed Prize System at the University of Malaga

This paper investigates the effects of a guaranteed prize incentive, in the form of an extra score, on student engagement in the quality assurance system (QAS) questionnaires employed for evaluating teaching performance at the University of Malaga. The incentive system aims to counteract declining participation rates and mitigate potential survey fatigue among students. Employing a comprehensive dataset spanning multiple academic years and subjects, the study utilized statistical analyses to evaluate the incentive’s effectiveness, considering its potential impact on both final grades and QAS questionnaire outcomes. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in participation rates, with over 85% of students acknowledging the motivating influence of the incentive. However, concerns regarding the compromise of anonymity arose among 40% of students, possibly linked to the physical presence of teachers during the verification process of the QAS questionnaire submission. The statistical analyses raise questions about the incentive’s influence on students’ final grades while indicating that the incentive system does not significantly affect the results of the QAS questionnaires. The study contributes valuable insights into the complexities of incentivizing student participation in teaching assessments within the higher education landscape. To the best of our knowledge, there are few publications that investigate the use of an additional score as an incentive for students’ participation in QAS questionnaires.

Contribution and Effectiveness of Remuneration Tax in Nepal

The research has been carried out with the aim to examine the contribution and effectiveness of remuneration tax in Nepal. Both primary and secondary sources of data have been used in the study. Opinion survey technique has been adopted while collecting primary data. Tax experts and employees from Kathmandu valley covering sample size 120 are taken. The remuneration tax has a significant contribution on total government revenues. Remuneration tax has 2% to 20% contribution on total income tax during ten fiscal years. Highest 22% opined unfair and weak administration is found as major problem of remuneration tax. The main factor that should be initiated to increase the contribution of remuneration tax in Nepal is making tax deduction at source (TDS) effective. The other factors should be initiated to increase the contribution of remuneration tax in Nepal are, reform in the income tax policy, rules and regulation, reduction in exemption limit and increase in tax rates.

Text sentiment analysis based on the LSTM method

Sentiment analysis is an important research direction in the field of natural language processing. With the rise of various social network platforms, a large number of network users have begun to express and publish their opinions on X, LINE, Weibo, and other platforms, which makes sentiment analysis more and more important. However, as more and more people use social platforms, the number of comments from Internet users has surged, and Internet buzzwords and Internet popular topics are constantly changing. This phenomenon leads to an increase in the error rate of traditional text emotion detection methods, which in turn leads to a reduction in the operating efficiency of some network platforms. In addition, nowadays, sentiment analysis has a wider and more urgent need in many fields, especially in the business field. In order to cope with this change and demand, this paper focuses on a text sentiment analysis model based on a neural network model.

Analysis and Evaluation of Species Invasion

Invasive species, like dandelions, threaten biodiversity and bring economic and ecological risks. It is important to evaluate whether they are beneficial and their interactions with local species. This article stimulates the occurrence of invasion, evaluates the influencing factors of three species, and finally provides their invasive ranking. We used the Vensim model to dynamically simulate the intrusion process and supplemented it with an Agent Based Model (ABS). Under all other conditions, we found that for every 10% increase in birth rate, the number of dandelions increases by nearly 20%. We construct an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to calculate the impact factor for different species. Our models have passed sensitivity tests. The model deepens our understanding of the dynamic process of species invasion and provides a theoretical framework for the identification and control of invasive species. In the future we will improve the models by collecting more comprehensive meteorological data to demonstrate the impact of seasons on seeding processes and try to displace number of Google search results to surveys on ecology experts to promote the scientific basis of our impact factor.

Foliar Application of Biostimulant Mitigates Water Stress Effects on Soybean

Climate change has emerged as a challenge for soybean cultivation around the world, stimulating the development of technological alternatives that aim to mitigate the damage caused by water deficit. From this perspective, algae extract-based biostimulants have been tested to reduce water stress in several crops, but little is known about their effects on soybean. Thus, we hypothesize that a commercial biostimulant based on Ascophyllum nodosum can improve the physiological performance and water relations of Glycine max plants subjected to water deficit. To test this hypothesis, we set up an experiment in controlled conditions in a greenhouse, considering five treatments (control; application of biostimulant; water deficit (WD); WD + application of biostimulant; and WD + split application of biostimulant). The experiment was designed in completely randomized blocks with four replications per treatment and conducted in polyethylene pots containing 10 L of soil and three plants per pot. The irrigation was carried out daily; the water deficit was 50% soil moisture at field capacity, starting at the R1 stage (beginning of flowering, where there is at least one flower open at any node on the plant) and maintained for ten days. The biostimulant was applied concurrently with the onset of water deficit. We confirmed the hypothesis that foliar application of 1.0 L ha−1 of the biostimulant reduces the deleterious effects of the common water deficit at the beginning of the reproductive stage of soybean through the reduction of damage from oxidative stress (reduction of malondialdehyde synthesis by 31.2% in relation to the WD plants), maintenance of water potential and cellular homeostasis (10.2% increase in relative water content when compared with WD plants), and conservation of the contents of chlorophyll in leaves and stimulation of photosynthesis and carboxylation (68% increase in net photosynthetic rate and 49.3% increase in carboxylation efficiency in relation to WD plants). However, when applied in installments, the biostimulant was not efficient in reducing soybean water stress. Therefore, we conclude that the application of a biostimulant based on A. nodosum can help reduce the harmful effects of water deficit on soybean plants, opening up perspectives for the mass use of this extract in agricultural crops produced on a large scale.

Electrochemical behaviour of Ti6Al4V porous structures fabricated by powder metallurgy route

In this investigation, the powder metallurgy process was used to fabricate porous structures of Ti6Al4V alloy by adding space holder powder particles. The samples were fabricated with varying levels of compaction pressure and other process parameters were kept unchanged in order to investigate the variation in electrochemical behaviour. It was observed that a lower level of compaction pressure resulted in an increase in corrosion current density and rate and a decrease in polarisation resistance. The sample's inability to achieve passivity against electrochemical corrosion, when fabricated using a lower level of compaction pressure, was linked to a higher number of interconnecting micropores. The results of the microstructure analysis confirmed the significant densification of the powder particles when higher compaction pressure was used. The study recommends that a compaction pressure of 300 MPa or higher may be used for fabricating porous structures for biomedical applications.

Disclosure, Materiality Thresholds, and the Cost of Capital: Evidence from Federal Open Market Committee Announcements

We examine how managers’ disclosure decisions vary in response to monetary policy shocks. Specifically, we examine the extent to which firms issue Forms 8-K, press releases, and management forecasts following unexpected changes to the target federal funds rate. We find consistent evidence that unexpected decreases (increases) in the Federal Open Market Committee target rate lead to larger increases (decreases) in disclosure by firms that are more sensitive to monetary policy shocks. Furthermore, the disclosure response to target rate surprises is concentrated in Form 8-K items that require a materiality-based decision and hold when we examine a sample of M&amp;A-participating firms. Extended tests show that our results are not attributable to changes in the cost of capital leading to increased disclosure because firms are simultaneously raising capital or hyping their stock. Overall, our results are consistent with arguments raised in recent research papers that changes in cost of capital influence firms’ materiality thresholds, which can affect their decision to disclose. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01896 .

Cold-welded joint characteristics of gold nanowires via atomistic simulation

This study examines the effects of contact depth, contact orientation, contact angle, and nanowires temperature on the tensile strength of the gold nanowire generated via the cold welding process. There is an increase in the deformation rate with increasing contact depth. From 5 Å to 20 Å, the lattice matching of the nanowires is good, leading to a good weld joint. The greatest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) value is achieved at 5 Å contact depth compared to other depth cases. The UTS value is sensitive to the change in the contact orientation and the contact angle. Compared to other orientations, the (001) vs (001) orientation has the highest rate of orientation matching with the highest FCC structure ratio. Other orientations obtain a much lower UTS value. When the contact angle rises, the UTS value mainly decreases due to the higher level of lattice mismatch. Compared to the other angle cases, the maximum UTS value is attained at 0º contact angle. Moreover, changing in nanowires temperature within the 250 K450 K range do not result in significant variations in the sample's surface morphology, structural transformation, or atomic strain. At 250 K, the sample has the highest UTS value compared to other temperature cases.