Increase In Radiation Intensity Research Articles

Sudden increase of radiation intensity coinciding with a geomagnetic storm sudden commencement

A sudden increase of radiation in the auroral zone coinciding with the sudden commencement on July 13, 1981, at 1l13 UT was measured at balloon altitudes. The sc was probably caused by a solar flare of importance 3 that occurred on July 11. After a second class 3/sup +/ flare, which started on July 12 at 1000 UT, a plastic balloon carrying a counter telescope, a single GM counter, and an ionization chamber. (W.D.M.)

The Establishment of A Q Rating Factor for Decorative Chromium Plate by X-Ray Fluorescence

AbstractProcedures and methods employed to develop anX-ray emission spectrometer technique for determining the quality of decorative chromium plate are presented. Individual plate quality factors and their significance are discussed: 1.Plate thickness2.Plate density3.Plate corrosion resistanceGeometric instrumentation changes to the General Electric XRD-5S spectrometer are detailed. These alterations have made it possible to take more complete advantage of the nondestructive nature of the fluorescent method, and have also yielded an increase in useful radiation intensity of 50%.The unsuccessful attempts to employ commercially plated Hull-cell-type test panels as “standards” are described, along with the satisfactory application of fabricated standards of vacuum vapor-deposited high-purity chromium, laminated to spectrographically pure nickel foils. The merits and limitations of the resultant “absolute purity — absolute density” standard curve are shown and are related to other measurement techniques and accelerated corrosion test data.

Study of the Reaction Kinetics of Aging of Natural Rubber by Infrared Spectrography IV. Influence of Wave Length of Light and Temperature on Light Aging

Abstract The influence of the wave length of radiation on the process of photocatalytic aging of rubber, as well as the relations between the intensity of radiation and the temperature, were studied by infrared spectroscopy. The upper limit of effectiveness of light lies in the range of 4360 A˚. While an increase of temperature greatly accelerates oxidation, an increase of radiation intensity retards it. Numerous analyses reveal an exponential relation between the length of the induction period and the intensity of radiation at constant temperature, and a linear relation between the height of the experimental curves and the temperature at constant intensity. Oxidation destruction and side-chain formation (vulcanization) take place simultaneously during the aging of natural ruber. The relation between these reactions depends on the experimental conditions ; the temperature accelerates oxidation, while the intensity of radiation aids vulcanization.

Properties of spectra of atmospheric turbulence at 100 metres

AbstractThe properties of spectra of vertical and horizontal turbulence and of their cross‐spectra, at elevations near 100m, are summarized; a few spectra from lower levels are considered. The following tentative conclusions are drawn: At frequencies of the order of 100c/hr and above, the spectral intensity is proportional to the square of the mean wind speed and essentially independent of the radiation intensity. At lower frequencies, the ratio of spectral intensity to the square of the wind speed increases with increasing incoming radiation. The intensity‐ratio of the co‐spectrum of vertical and horizontal velocity to the spectrum of vertical velocity increases with increasing wind shear. It also decreases with increasing frequency, n, approximately as n−1. At low frequencies, the spectral intensity of the horizontal velocity components is generally much large than that of the vertical velocity. At high frequencies, the spectral intensities of all velocity components are of the same order of magnitude. At low frequencies, the ratio of vertical to horizontal spectral density increases with increasing radiation. The quadrature spectra at a given frequency tend to be negative with large radiation, positive with little radiation. This indicates that edies are low and wide with little radiation, and tall with much radiation. The frequency at the maximum of the vertical velocity spectrum decreases with increasing height and increasing radiation intensity. The ratio of tubulent to mean energy is somewhat larger for air with over‐land trajectories than for air with oceanic trajectories.