Increase In Pulse Rate Research Articles

Cardiovascular Response to Head Down Crooked Kneeling Position Among Type 2 Diabetic Patient

Background: Factors like emotions, lifestyle choices, and physical activities, including posture changes, have a significant impact on cardiovascular indicators like blood pressure and heart rate. The study aims to examine the cardiovascular reactions in individuals with type 2 diabetes while performing the head-down crooked kneeling (HDCK) or Sujood position, resembling poses found in hatha yoga. This position emphasizes relaxation, body awareness, and meditation. Those with type 2 diabetes who engage in yoga have reported enhancements in their management of blood sugar levels and insulin resistance. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in different hospitals. The sample size was 312 which was calculated by using the Rao soft calculator. The participants were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Inclusion Criteria were male and Female diagnosed with Type 2 DM, Subjects with a history of smoking, Cognitive Impairment, Sepsis, Cardiac pathology, Respiratory disorders, and Malignancy were excluded. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored initially, during the Crooked Down Kneeling position, and after the Crooked Down Kneeling Position. A Digital Sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure and a pulse rate-demographic Assessment form was used to collect data. Ethical consideration is maintained. Informed consent was taken from participants. Results: The result shows a significant effect of head down crooked kneeling position on cardiovascular response in type 2 diabetic patients (p < .001). Systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate before, during, and after HDCK were significantly increased (p < .001) as compared to the baseline value, and after 5 min returning to the upright position it reverted to the initial value. Conclusion: This study revealed a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and an increase in pulse rate during HDCK. Also, our findings showed no significant gender difference in the effect of HDCK on all the other cardiovascular parameters except systolic bp.

Comparative efficacy and safety profile of once-weekly Semaglutide versus once-daily Sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The emergence of genetically-modified human proteins and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have presented a promising strategy for effectively managing diabetes. Due to the scarcity of clinical trials focusing on the safety and efficacy of semaglutide as an adjunctive treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycemic control with metformin, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. This was necessary to fill the gap and provide a comprehensive assessment of semaglutide compared to sitagliptin, a commonly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitor, in this patient population. Methods A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out on reputable databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier’s ScienceDirect to identify relevant studies that compared the efficacy of once-weekly Semaglutide with once-daily Sitagliptin in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The analysis of the gathered data was performed utilizing the random-effects model, which considers both within-study and between-study variations. Results The meta-analysis incorporated three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), encompassing 2401 participants, with a balanced distribution across the treatment groups. The primary focus of the study revolved around evaluating changes in HbA1C, blood pressure, pulse rate, body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. The findings revealed that once-weekly Semaglutide showed substantially improved HbA1C (WMD: −0.98; 95% CI: −1.28, −0.69, p-value: < 0.0001; I2: 100%), systolic (WMD: −3.73; 95% CI: −5.42, −2.04, p-value: <0.0001; I2: 100%) and diastolic blood pressures (WMD: −0.66; 95% CI: −1.02, −0.29, p-value: 0.0005; I2: 100%), and body weight (WMD: −3.17; 95% CI: −3.84, −2.49, p-value: <0.00001; I2: 100%) compared to once-daily Sitagliptin. However, there was an observed increase in pulse rate (WMD: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.61, 5.06, p-value: <0.00001; I2: 100%) associated with Semaglutide treatment. Regarding secondary outcomes, there was an elevated risk of total adverse events and premature treatment discontinuation with Semaglutide. The risk of serious, severe, moderate, and mild adverse events did not significantly differ between the two treatments. Conclusions In conclusion, the administration of once-weekly Semaglutide exhibited a substantial reduction in HbA1c, average systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and a rise in pulse rate, as opposed to the once-daily administration of Sitagliptin.

Measuring acute effects of subanesthetic ketamine on cerebrovascular hemodynamics in humans using TD-fNIRS

Quantifying neural activity in natural conditions (i.e. conditions comparable to the standard clinical patient experience) during the administration of psychedelics may further our scientific understanding of the effects and mechanisms of action. This data may facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers enabling more personalized treatments and improved patient outcomes. In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study with a non-randomized design, we use time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) to measure acute brain dynamics after intramuscular subanesthetic ketamine (0.75 mg/kg) and placebo (saline) administration in healthy participants (n = 15, 8 females, 7 males, age 32.4 ± 7.5 years) in a clinical setting. We found that the ketamine administration caused an altered state of consciousness and changes in systemic physiology (e.g. increase in pulse rate and electrodermal activity). Furthermore, ketamine led to a brain-wide reduction in the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, and a decrease in the global brain connectivity of the prefrontal region. Lastly, we provide preliminary evidence that a combination of neural and physiological metrics may serve as predictors of subjective mystical experiences and reductions in depressive symptomatology. Overall, our study demonstrated the successful application of fNIRS neuroimaging to study the physiological effects of the psychoactive substance ketamine in humans, and can be regarded as an important step toward larger scale clinical fNIRS studies that can quantify the impact of psychedelics on the brain in standard clinical settings.

Relationship between respiratory event-related arousal and increased pulse rate in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Objective: To investigate the relationship between respiratory event-related arousal and increased pulse rate in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to evaluate whether elevated pulse rate can be used as a surrogate marker of arousal. Methods: A total of 80 patients [40 males and 40 females, age range (18-63 years), mean age (37±13) years] who attended the Sleep Center of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital for polysomnography (PSG) from January 2021 to August 2022 were enrolled. Stable PSG recordings of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep to compare the mean pulse rate (PR), the lowest PR 10 seconds before the onset of arousal, and the highest PR within 10 seconds after the end of arousal associated with each respiratory event. At the same time, the correlation between the arousal index and the pulse rate increase index (PRRI), as well as ΔPR1 (highest PR-lowest PR) and ΔPR2 (highest PR-mean PR), respectively, with the duration of respiratory events, the duration of arousal, the magnitude of pulse oximetry (SpO2) decline, and the lowest SpO2 was analyzed. Among the 53 patients, 10 events without arousal and 10 events with arousal (matched for the magnitude of SpO2 decline) were selected for NREM in each of the 53 patients, and ΔPR before and after termination of respiratory events in the two groups was compared. In addition, 50 patients were simultaneously subjected to portable sleep monitoring (PM) and divided into non-severe OSA group (n=22) and severe OSA group (n=28), and ΔPR≥3 times,≥6 times,≥9 times, and≥12 times after respiratory events were used as surrogate markers of arousal, and ΔPR was scored manually and integrated into the respiratory event index (REI) of PM. Then, we compared the agreement between REI calculated from the four PR cut-off points and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHIPSG) calculated by the gold standard PSG. Results: ΔPR1 [(13±7)times/min] and ΔPR2 [(11±6)times/min] were significantly higher in patients with severe OSA than in patients with non-OSA,mild and moderate OSA. The arousal index was positively correlated with the four PRRIs (r 0.968, 0.886, 0.773, 0.687, P<0.001, respectively), and the highest PR [(77±12) times/min] within 10 s after the end of arousal was significantly higher than the lowest PR [(65±10) times/min, t=113.24, P<0.001] and the mean PR [(67±11) times/min, t=103.02, P<0.001]. ΔPR1 and ΔPR2 were moderately correlated with the decrease in SpO2 (r=0.490, 0.469, P<0.001). After matching the magnitude of SpO2 decline, the ΔPR[(9±6)/min] before and after the termination of respiratory events with arousal was significantly higher than that of respiratory events without arousal [(6±5)/min, t=7.72, P<0.001]. The differences between REI+PRRI3 and REI+PRRI6 and AHIPSG in the non-severe OSA group were not statistically significant (P values 0.055 and 0.442, respectively), and REI+PRRI6 and AHIPSG showed good agreement (the mean difference was 0.7 times/h, 95%CI 8.3-7.0 times/h). The four indicators of PM in the severe OSA group were statistically different from AHIPSG (all P<0.05), and the agreement was poor. Conclusions: Respiratory event-related arousal in OSA patients is independently associated with increased PR, and frequent arousal may lead to increased frequency of PR fluctuations, and elevated PR may be used as a surrogate marker of arousal, especially in patients with non-severe OSA, where elevated PR≥6 times significantly improves the diagnostic agreement between PM and PSG.

#3000 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF COTADUTIDE, A DUAL GLP1-GLUCAGON RECEPTOR AGONIST, IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND T2DM

Abstract Background and Aims Cotadutide is a dual GLP1-glucagon receptor agonist under development for NASH and CKD with T2DM. Incretin-based therapies have been shown to promote improvements in albuminuria while the addition of glucagon has been suggested to provide hepatic benefits; the renal benefits of dual GLP1-glucagon receptor agonism are unknown but kidney and liver are the organs with highest expression of glucagon receptor. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cotadutide in patients with CKD and T2DM. Method In this randomised, double-blind, phase 2b study, patients with T2DM and CKD on insulin and/or oral therapy including ≥ 40% treated with SGLT-2i (HbA1c ≥ 6.5 and ≤ 10.5%), eGFR ≥ 20 and &amp;lt; 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and BMI ≥ 25 (23 in Japan) kg/m2 were treated for 26 weeks. Participants were randomised (n = 45 per arm) to receive once-daily SC cotadutide titrated up to 100, 300 or 600 µg, or placebo. The primary endpoint was percentage change in UACR (log-transformed) at 14 weeks. Secondary endpoints evaluated urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) at 26 weeks, safety and tolerability. Changes in renal function was evaluated as an exploratory endpoint. Results A total of 248 Participants were randomised. Approximately 47% were on SGLT-2i and 97% were on ACE inhibitors or ARBs at baseline. The primary endpoint was met. Dose dependent reductions in UACR from baseline were observed after 26 weeks treatment with 300 and 600 µg of cotadutide, -39.9% (95% CI -52,5, -23.9) and -46.0% (95% CI -57.1, -32.1) vs placebo (P &amp;lt;0.001). In patients on background SGLT2i therapy, similar reductions in UACR from baseline were observed after 26 weeks treatment with 300 and 600 µg of cotadutide, - 31.2% (95% CI – 51.9, -1.5) and - 48.7% (95% CI -64.1, - 26.6) vs placebo (P = 0.01 and &amp;lt;0.001 respectively). There was no observed change in eGFR early in dosing. At 26 weeks, an increase in eGFR (+5.5 ml/min/1.73m2) was observed with 600 µg of cotadutide (p = 0.028). A statistically significant, modest reduction in serum uric acid was observed as an exploratory endpoint at 26 weeks in the 100 and 600 µg arms (- 0.54 mg/dL, p = 0.03 and 0.76 mg/dL, p = 0.001 respectively) but not the 300 µg arm (- 0.32 mg/dL, p = 0.17). No significant changes in urine KIM-1 were observed. A significant increase in pulse rate was observed (+4.8 bpm), alongside a numerical reduction in systolic BP (-8.3 mmHg) at 600 µg on office-based measures. SAEs were balanced across all arms and there were fewer AE-related discontinuations at 100 and 300 ug versus placebo, but more discontinuations at 600 µg. Conclusion In patients with CKD with T2DM, cotadutide promoted clinically important effects on UACR on top of standard of care with an acceptable tolerability profile. The results suggest cotadutide has potential to provide benefit to patients with CKD and T2DM. Larger studies will be required to evaluate this.

Orthostatic hypotension in school children and youth

&lt;b&gt;Introduction.&lt;/b&gt; Haemodynamic disturbances occurring solely in a standing position, consisting of a simultaneous drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increased pulse rate are defined as orthostatic hypotension (OH). &lt;b&gt;Aim.&lt;/b&gt; To determine the incidence of OH in school population and to provide its clinical characteristics. To determine the influence of the applied treatment on the arterial blood pressure, well-being, learning results and sickness absence. &lt;b&gt;Materials and methods.&lt;/b&gt; The study involved 1208 students, aged 7–18, and 400 students referred by the Psycho-Educational Counselling Centre who reported a variety of health and school problems. Medical histories guided to detect faintness and syncope were collected from all the studied patients. Crampton test (a screening test) was performed, and when the results were incorrect – Schellong’s orthostatic test (a diagnostic test). &lt;b&gt;Results and discussion.&lt;/b&gt; A significant decrease in the arterial pressure amplitude with a simultaneously increased pulse rate revealed in Schellong’s test were assumed to be diagnostic and differential criteria with common hypotension. Based on these criteria, medical histories and examinations, OH was diagnosed: in 71 cases (5.8%) in the randomly chosen group and in 39 (9.8%) students referred by the PsychoEducational Counselling Centre. Girls aged 13–15 (8.7%), of an asthenic body structure type, formed the most numerous group. Long-term treatment was devised for the students diagnosed with OH, mainly focusing on changing their lifestyles and intensifying their physical activities. The observation period lasted 3–4 years, the longest – 10 years. Among the adults, 9 people manifested OH, which may testify to constitutional aetiology (family) of the disease. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/b&gt; OH is a significant problem, especially in the case of girls at puberty. The obtained results point to a need for co-operation between a physician, teacher and parents.

Emotional Intelligence &amp; It’s Importance

Every individual experience a variety of different emotions during a lifetime. This can range from feelings of happiness, anger, love, jealously, pity, sadness, agony, hate and others. Emotion is what provides individuals with a sense of being alive. They are a response to life’s experiences and situations that we encounter through a combination of feelings, thoughts, and action. They constitute towards human behavior and to a certain extent ethical behavior is based on emotion (Goleman, 1995). Human emotion can be separated into two categories including positive emotion and negative emotion that is further accompanied by both physiological and psychological changes. Positive emotions help us to develop joy, interest, gratitude, love in which the person always feel good and remains active with physiological and psychological state of mind. However, when we have negative vibes around then the physiological and psychological state of mind can lead to changes in body gestures, facial expressions, movement of the muscles. In addition, non-voluntary reactions like changes in heat rate, increased pulse rate, high blood pressure and perspiration. The effects of negative emotions always weaken your body’s immune system and give you stress, anxious, or upset and lead to demotivation. The demotivation factor will take you loneliness, frustration, anger, emptiness, fear etc. So, one of the best ways to live life positively is to control our emotions by learning and developing Emotional Intelligence in our life.

Effect of Chronic Formaldehyde Exposure on Some Cardiovascular Indices among Medical Students in a Tertiary Institution in Edo State, Nigeria

The effect of formaldehyde exposure on some indices of cardiovascular function among medical students in a tertiary institution in Edo State, Nigeria was studied by measuring selected anthropometric parameters using standard methods for150 subjects recruited and divided into three groups A, B, and C with 50 subjects in each group.Results obtained and presented as mean ± sem revealed that the anthropometric parameters measured ranged from (20.16±0.36 – 21.10±0.24, yrs.) for Age; (58.84±1.53 – 61.24±1.67, kg) for weight; (1.69±0.01 – 1.71±0.01, m) for height; (89.26±1.02 – 90.56±0.80, cm) for chest circumference; (20.31±0.43 – 21.44±0.45, kg/m2) for BMI and (1.64±0.02 – 1.71±0.02, m2) for BSA respectively. The data showed significant increases in pulse rate, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure among group B medical students. It was therefore concluded that prolonged exposure to formaldehyde could affect the cardiovascular health of medical students.

Supine Hypotensive Syndrome of Pregnancy: A Review of Current Knowledge

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2022;39:236–243) Supine hypotensive syndrome was first described in 1953, which was used to describe acute hypotension associated with pallor, sweating, increased femoral venous pressure, and increased pulse rate during pregnancy when lying in a supine position for 3 to 7 minutes. It continues to be a peripartum challenge in the field of obstetrics today, and the use of the 15 degrees lateral tilt (first introduced in the 1970s) during labor and cesarean section remains a mandatory clinical practice worldwide. Modern physiological and anatomic knowledge prompts a reassessment of guidelines regarding supine hypotensive syndrome of pregnancy. This review looks at the definition and physiology of supine hypotensive syndrome; symptomatic vs. asymptomatic parturients; hemodynamic measurements and compression of the aorta when in the supine position; maternal position and fetal compromise; and implications for obstetric anesthesia.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF INDUCTION DOSES OF PROPOFOL-THIOPENTONE AND PROPOFOL-KETAMINE COMBINATIONS

Objective: We conducted this study to compare the hemodynamic effects of propofol-ketamine combination as induction agents to propofolthiopentone combination. An interventional comparative study was carried out at S Methods: anthiram medical college, Nandyal. 50 ASA 1 and 2 patients in the age group of 18-50 years, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled for this study and were randomly allotted into two groups (A and B) of 25 each. Group A was induced with propofol-thiopentone and Group B was given propofol-ketamine combination. The hemodynamic parameters- heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were monitored starting from baseline up to 10 minutes. There was a signicant decrease in systolic blood pressure (p&lt;0.05) i Results: n group A at 4 and 7 min compared to group B. There was signicant increase in pulse rate in group A at 1,4,7 and 10 minutes after intubation (p&lt;0.05).Diastolic and mean arterial pressures were comparable in both the groups. Administration of ketamine with propofol was comparatively better in maintainin Conclusion: g the hemodynamic stability after induction as compared to Thiopentone- propofol combination

PS-C07-7: EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE RATE VARIABILITY

Objectives: Physical activity and psychological stress during daily life contribute to ambulatory blood pressure (BP) variability. This study aims to investigate the effects of physical activity and psychological stress on daytime BPs measured by ABPM. Methods: This study is a post-hoc analysis using ABPM data from a comparison study of ambulatory BP measured by a wrist watch-type wearable BP monitoring device and an ABPM device. ABPM was performed at 30-min intervals for 24 h using a TM-2441 device (A&amp;D Co., Tokyo), an oscillometric device with an upper-arm BP-cuff. This device is also equipped with a high-sensitivity actigraph that can detect fine-scale physical movements of the wearer in three directions. Physical activity was calculated as the sum of the actigraphically measured physical activity over the 5 min before each ABPM measurement. Study participants were asked to write a self-report diary of their general situation (i.e., location, emotion, and body position) corresponding to each BP measurement at least 10 times while awake. Results: From 50 outpatients (mean age 66.1 ± 10.8 years, 60.0% male, 98.0% hypertensive patients), 1580 daytime BP readings were taken by ABPM. Of these, 642 BP readings had corresponding diary information. In the mixed effect model analysis including physical activity, significant systolic BP (SBP) elevation associated with physical activity was observed in both a dataset of 1580 BP readings (2.9 ± 0.9 mmHg, P = 0.001 for light physical activity; and 2.9 ± 1.4 mmHg, P = 0.045 for moderate physical activity) and a dataset of 642 BP readings (2.5 ± 1.2 mmHg, P = 0.043 for light physical activity; and 4.2 ± 2.0 mmHg, P = 0.036 for moderate physical activity). In the analysis of 642 BP readings using the model including physical activity and situational factors from diary information, SBP was significantly higher during negative emotions than during positive emotions (7.4 ± 2.5 mmHg, p = 0.003), while the SBP change to physical activity decreased and was not statistically significant. On the other hand, pulse rate was unchanged by negative emotions, but was increased for physical activity. Conclusions: Daytime BP measured by ABPM was elevated to a greater extent by psychological stress than by physical activity. BP elevation without corresponding pulse rate increase might be influenced by psychological stress. Simultaneous monitoring of BP and physical activity might detect BP elevation caused by psychological stress.

Clinical, Hematological, and Biochemical Alterations Associated With Early and Late Infection of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle in Egypt

This study aimed to investigate clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations associated with early (during the first week.) and late (after one month) of lumpy skin disease (LSD) infection in cattle infected during an outbreak of LSD in Egypt. Animals which were clinically examined directly after the clinical onset of LSD showed, firm elevated skin nodules that were distributed all over the body, fever (more than 40℃) associated with anorexia, general weakness, reduced milk yield, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, and edema in the brisket and/or limbs. Examination of the affected animals one month after the disease onset revealed marked weight loss, shrunk of skin nodules and formation of sit fast. There were significant increases in body temperature, pulse and respiratory rate in all animals infected with LSD with significant decrease of ruminal movement compared to control group. DNA extracted from skin samples collected from LSD infected animals showed bands at the expected size (172 base pairs) by partial amplification of viral attachment protein using PCR. Reduced RBCS count, Hb content, HCT, and MCHC values with a significant increase in MCV in all LSD infected cows compared to the control group, while leukogram analysis revealed leucopenia and lymphopenia during the 1st week. Post-infection, however, one month post-infection revealed granulocytic leukocytosis. In addition, all LSD infected cows showed inflammatory thrombocytopenia. Animals during early LSD infection showed significant reduction in total protein, albumin, glucose and TAC and significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, K and MDA levels compared to the control group. While animals during late infection showed significant decrease in glucose, ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, direct bilirubin, K and MDA levels and significant increase in total protein, albumin and TAC compared to the early infection group. It can be concluded that, LSD infection in cattle revealed critical alterations in some hematological and serum biochemical parameters during both early and late stages of infection with negative impact on different organ functions including skin, muscle, liver, kidney and heart.

A STUDY OF EXERCISE HABITS AND EXERCISE RATE IN ELDERLY WREDHA RINDANG ASIH

Physical activity is one of the most important efforts to maintain and improve health. In achieving the needs of daily activities, every elderly can do exercise habits. Someone with low physical activity habits (sedentary) has a higher risk of experiencing health problems. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of exercise habits and intensity of exercise in the elderly. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey type that aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The population of the research sample is the elderly at Panti Wredha Rindang Asih, a sample of 28 people with purposive sampling technique consisting of 16 men and 12 women. Data were collected by filling out questionnaires and measuring resting pulse in the morning and measuring exercise pulse after participating in physical training (gymnastics). The results of the study of exercise habits showed 19 elderly people (67.87%) were in the good category. The results of the measurement of resting pulse showed that 28 elderly people (100%) were in the normal category (60-100x/minute). The results of the exercise pulse measurement showed that 21 people (75%) were in the normal category, there was an increase in the elderly's pulse rate of 24% with an average pulse rate (98.6x/minute). The conclusion of this study is that the level of exercise habits in the elderly is in the good category, while the intensity level of exercise in the elderly is in the medium category. There is no relationship between exercise habits and exercise rate in the elderly at Panti Wredha Rindang Asih. Suggestions for the elderly to always maintain exercise habits by getting used to a healthy life and regular exercise.

Effect of crossfit-trainings on the heart rate of adolescent judokas

Background: One of the types of the complex control system is medico-biological, which includes a set of methods and measures aimed at assessing the health, and functional state of the athlete’s body, taking into account the reaction of his systems to various loads. CrossFit is a constantly varied and high-intensity functional training program in which with increasing the training load, the pulse rate increases. The context and purpose of the study: The research was aimed to find out the frequency of heart rate of adolescent judokas in the presence of CrossFit-trainings in the process of physical fitness, for which a pedagogical scientific experiment was held at the youth sports and cultural training center after V. Zakaryan (Hrazdan city). From the groups of 10-12-year-olds practicing judo at the sports school, one experimental and control group was formed, each with 10 athletes. During CrossFit-trainings “Tabata”, “AMRAP”, “21-15-9” and “WOD” methods were mainly used. Athletes’ pulse rate was measured manually at the wrist before training, during training, and immediately after training in order to control the athletes’ feelings toward the training load. Results: In the September-June period, with the implementation of the CrossFit-training program, the heart rate of athletes before training was on average 102,2 bpm, during training 158,3 bpm and immediately after training – 157,8 bpm. Conclusion: The indicators obtained as a result of the research correspond to the norms suggested in literature sources.

Risk Factors for Midline Catheter Failure: A Secondary Analysis of an Existing Trial.

ObjectiveWhile midline catheters (MCs) are considered to be a reliable form of vascular access, up to 25% of the placements culminate in failure. We aimed to explore risk factors for MC failure.MethodsWe performed an analysis of existing randomized controlled trial data involving a comparison of two midline catheters. The study aimed to assess risk factors related to MC failure, including patient, procedure, catheter, and vein characteristics. Cox regression was used for univariable and multivariable analyses to evaluate the association between characteristics and MC failure.ResultsAmong 191 patients that were included in this secondary analysis, more patients were female (114/191 [59.7%]) and average age was 60.2 (SD = 16.7) years. Clinical indications for MC placement included antibiotics (60.7%), difficult venous access (32.5%), or both (6.8%). In a univariable Cox regression analysis, the increase in pulse rate (HR 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.04; P=0.02), temperature ≥38°C (HR 5.59; 95% CI, 1.96–15.94; P=0.001), oxygen saturation <93% (HR 2.91; 95% CI, 1.03–8.24; P=0.04), norepinephrine in dextrose infusion (HR 2.41; 95% CI, 1.17–4.97; P=0.02) and cephalic vein insertion (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.09–5.57; P=0.03) were all associated with higher risk of MC failure. In a multivariable Cox model, difficult venous access (aHR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.04–4.05; P=0.04) and norepinephrine in dextrose (aHR 2.29; 95% CI, 1.09–4.82; P=0.03) was associated with catheter failure.ConclusionElevated pulse rate, decreased oxygen saturation level, temperature ≥38°C, and norepinephrine use were each associated with an increased risk of MC failure. These factors should be considered when selecting the most appropriate vascular access device for individual patients. Additionally, the cephalic vein insertion has the highest risk for MC failure and other access points could be preferentially considered.

APA KENDALA MAHASISWA OLAHRAGA YANG TIDAK MAHIR BERENANG ?

This study aims to reveal what makes students not proficient in swimming courses. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with in-depth interview method. The population in this study were all 2nd semester students of the Sports Coaching Education Study Program who took part in the TP course contract. Swimming amounted to 58 students. The research sample was selected based on the Snowball Sampling technique, which had a sample of 8 students. The instrument in this study used an interview guide consisting of 10 questions about physical and psychological conditions during swimming courses. Result: Five students stated that their pulse was still normal. One student is sometimes normal, sometimes not. Two students stated that there was an increase in pulse rate. Five students stated that there was no problem with a history of injury. Three students stated that there are injuries that often recur. Seven students stated that there was no specific trauma in swimming. One student has a special trauma in swimming. Six students felt fine in their physical condition. One student did not know. One student felt his physical condition was not fine. All students did not feel nauseous during swimming courses. All research subjects felt difficulty in following the exemplified movements. Six students are interested in swimming lessons. Two students are not interested in swimming lessons, but want to be able to swim. Four students admitted that they did not feel restless in swimming lessons. Four students feel restless in swimming lessons. All research subjects feel worried and afraid of the depth of the water. All subjects feel happy in taking swimming courses. The conclusion is that sports students who are not proficient in swimming just need to be encouraged and motivated to be even more enthusiastic in learning swimming.

Effect of Auditory Stimulation by Upbeat Music on Radial Pulse

Introduction: Music of varying tempo or beats have physiological as well as adverse effects on the body. This study throws light on the influence of upbeat music on properties of radial pulse, in healthy young adults. Methods: One hundred and seventy-five students between the age of nineteen and twenty-four years were included in this study. The experiment was conducted in a room, devoid of any external disturbances. Subjects were made to listen the chosen upbeat music for 4 minutes using a headphone. The radial pulse was measured before and immediately after the experiment. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software version 16.0.Results: In this study we observed that normal mean pulse rate was 76 per minute in males and 72 per minute in female young adults. Following the auditory stimulation with upbeat music, rise in pulse rate was observed in more than 70% of subjects. Whilst, 24% showed a decrease pulse rate and 5% showed no change in pulse rate. Increased pulse rate was associated with decrease in amplitude of pulse wave but no change in rhythm and character of the pulse when compared to resting state. Conclusion: This study indicates that the music can increase the pulse rate in the majority of the subjects but also decreases the pulse rate in few individuals. This study provides the preliminary evidence to promote the music therapy in many preventive programs for patients with depression, patients with depressed cardiac functioning and useful in improving daily performances.

Radial compliance of porcine coronary arteries ex vivo under pulsatile flow – perspectives for stent biomechanics

Abstract Besides visual assessment of the intra-vascular appearance, intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) enables precise diameter measurements within the coronary arteries. The current study presents an upgraded test setup allowing the investigation of the elastic properties of porcine coronary arteries ex vivounder pulsatile flow conditions. IV-OCT imaging was performed within the left circumflex artery of a porcine heart applying a normotensive and a hypertensive pressure regime at different pulse rates. Radial compliance was derived from the luminal diameter as well as intra-arterial pressure measurements. Test results show a significant reduction of radial compliance under pulsatile conditions, when compared to reference measurements under steady flow. The mean radial compliance decreased with increasing pulse rate, which can be attributed to the viscoelastic properties of the arterial wall.

Assessment of hypertension and other factors associated with the severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study.

Various reports suggested that pre-existing medical illnesses, including hypertension and other demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors, could pose an increased risk of disease severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess the relation of hypertension and other factors to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients discharged from Eka Kotebe Hospital in June-September, 2020. This is a single-center case-control study of 265 adult patients discharged alive or dead, 75 with a course of severe COVID-19 for the cases arm and 190 with the non-severe disease for the control arm. Three age and sex-matched controls were selected randomly for each patient on the case arm. Chi-square, multivariable binary logistic regression, and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the association between the various factors and the severity of the disease. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant. Of the 265 study participants, 80% were male. The median age was 43 IQR(36-60) years. Both arms had similar demographic characteristics. Hypertension was strongly associated with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia based on effect outcome adjustment (AOR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.489, 5.783, p-value = 0.002), similarly, having diabetes mellitus (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.374, 7.313, p-value<0.007), chronic cardiac disease (AOR = 4.803, 95% CI 1.238-18.636, p<0.023), and an increase in a pulse rate (AOR = 1.041, 95% CI 1.017, 1.066, p-value = 0.001) were found to have a significant association with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Hypertension was associated with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, and so were diabetes mellitus, chronic cardiac disease, and an increase in pulse rate.

Blood oxygen level with long-term use of N95 face mask in dental practice during the coronavirus pandemic “Covid-19”

Wearing a mask for a long time, particularly N95, is sometimes uncomfortable, annoying, and confining, making catching breath difficult and reducing the oxygen level in the blood. The study aimed to investigate the change in blood oxygen level when wearing an N95 mask for three hours among dental practitioners in dental clinics and the impact of low O2 levels on the general status of students while working in a stressful environment. Material and methods . The sample included 82 adult healthy senior dental students attending the student oral surgery clinical sessions. All Participants had their oxygen saturation Spo 2 measured using a portable pulse oximeter before, 1hour, 2hours, and 3 hours after wearing the mask, and were allowed to describe their feeling of discomfort throughout the study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and heart rate (HR) were also measured before and 3 hours after wearing the mask. Results . 84.15% (n= 69) of the participants reported some discomfort affecting their general status and clinical performance. There was a statistically significant increase in mean heart rate after three hours ( P -value = 0.001) while there was no statistically significant change in mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure after three hours ( P -value = 0.630) and ( P -value=0.407) respectively. On the other hand, the mean Oxygen saturation after three hours showed a statistically significantly lower value compared with baseline measurement. Conclusion . This study revealed a decrease in the oxygen saturation (SpO2) and a slight increase in pulse rate compared to baseline values in all students three hours after wearing an N95 face mask. In addition, the N95 mask induced discomfort in breathing, a decrease in physical performance, and increased fatigue not related to prolonged standing and stress.