Increase In Magnesium Concentration Research Articles

Influence of thermomechanical loads on the energetics of precipitation in magnesium aluminum alloys

We use first principles calculations to study the influence of thermomechanical loads on the energetics of precipitation in magnesium-aluminum alloys. Using Density Functional Theory simulations, we present expressions of the energy of magnesium-aluminum binary solid solutions as a function of concentration, strain and temperature. Additionally, from these calculations, we observe an increase in equilibrium volume (and hence the equilibrium lattice constants) with the increase in concentration of magnesium. We also observe an increase in the cohesive energy of solutions with increase in concentration, and also present their dependence on strain. Calculations also show that the formation enthalpy of β phase solutions to be strongly influenced by hydrostatic stress, however the formation enthalpy of α phase solutions remain unaffected by hydrostatic stress. We present an expression of the free energy of any magnesium aluminum solid solution, that takes into account the contributions of strain and temperature. We note that these expressions can serve as input to process models of magnesium-aluminum alloys. We use these expressions to report the influence of strains and temperature on the solubility limits and equilibrium chemical potential in Mg-Al alloys. Finally, we report the influence of thermomechanical loads on the growth of precipitates, where we observe compressive strains along the c axis promotes growth of precipiates with a (0001)α habit plane, whereas strains along the a and b directions do not influence the growth of precipitates.

Influence of Thermomechanical Loads on the Energetics of Precipitation in Magnesium Aluminum Alloys

We use first principles calculations to study the influence of thermomechanical loads on the energetics of precipitation in magnesium-aluminum alloys. Using Density Functional Theory simulations, we present expressions of the energy of magnesium-aluminum binary solid solutions as a function of concentration, strain and temperature. Additionally, from these calculations, we observe an increase in equilibrium volume (and hence the equilibrium lattice constants) with the increase in concentration of magnesium. We also observe an increase in the cohesive energy of solutions with increase in concentration, and also present their dependence on strain. Calculations also show that the formation enthalpy of beta phase solutions to be strongly influenced by hydrostatic stress, however the formation enthalpy of alpha phase solutions remain unaffected by hydrostatic stress. We present an expression of the free energy of any magnesium aluminum solid solution, that takes into account the contributions of strain and temperature. We note that these expressions can serve as input to process models of magnesium-aluminum alloys. We use these expressions to report the influence of strains and temperature on the solubility limits and equilibrium chemical potential in Mg-Al alloys. Finally, we report the influence of thermomechanical loads on the growth of precipitates, where we observe compressive strains along the c axis promotes growth, whereas strains along the a and b directions do not influence the growth of precipitates.

Enhancing Analytical Performance of (Mg,Fe)3O4/Glassy Carbon Electrodes by Tailoring Chemical Composition of (Mg,Fe)3O4 Nanoparticles

A series of MgxFe3-xO₄ (x ═ 0-1) nanoparticles was synthesized in order to prepare novel MgxFe3-xO₄/glassy carbon modified electrodes. Effects of magnesium content (x) on the analytical performance of the modified electrodes in the detection of gallic acid were evaluated. It was found that magnesium concentration and crystallite/particle size of the prepared nanoparticles play significant roles in the sensing properties of modified electrodes. The increase of magnesium concentration up to the value of x ═ 0.4 in MgxFe3-xO₄/glassy carbon paste was accompanied by an increase of the corresponding oxidation current of gallic acid. However, further growth of x value caused decline of the obtained oxidation current. An electroanalytical procedure was established, and the analytical performance of the proposed Mg0.4Fe2.6O₄/glassy carbon paste electrode was monitored using previously optimized experimental conditions. A working linear range from 1-39 µM gallic acid was obtained with detection limit of 0.29 µM. According to these results, the developed procedure can be applied for detection of low concentrations of gallic acid with satisfactory selectivity in the presence of some common naturally occurring compounds. Experimental results indicate that the developed procedure could be a novel approach in the detection of antioxidant, overcoming some known disadvantages such as passivation, and could be a promising replacement for sophisticated chromatographic methods.

The effect of magnesium on the reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block with sugammadex: an ex vivo laboratory study

BackgroundMagnesium dose-dependently potentiates the effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. We investigated whether the potentiation of rocuronium-induced blockade by magnesium reduces the effect of sugammadex in an ex-vivo environment and how this influences the safety margin of reversal.MethodsPhrenic nerve – hemidiaphragm tissue preparations were isolated from male Wistar rats. The specimens were suspended in a tissue holder that allowed registering muscle contraction amplitude following electrical stimulation of the nerve. Concentration-response relationships were elucidated for magnesium, as well as for rocuronium and sugammadex.ResultsThe mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) half effective concentrations (EC50) of rocuronium in the presence of magnesium 1 mM or 1.5 mM were 7.50 μM (6.97–8.07 μM) and 4.25 μM (4.09–4.41 μM), respectively (p < 0.0001). Increasing magnesium from 1 mM to 1.5 mM during reversal of rocuronium-induced block increased the mean (95% CI) EC50 of sugammadex from 3.67 μM (3.43–3.92 μM) to 5.36 μM (5.18–5.53 μM), whereas mean (95% CI) effective concentrations for 95% effect (EC95) were not significantly different at 7.22 μM (6.09–8.54 μM) and 7.61 μM (7.05–8.20 μM), respectively (p = 0.542). When rocuronium-induced block was reversed to a train-of-four (TOF) ratio > 0.9, but with still visible fade, increasing magnesium from 1 mM to 2 mM decreased the TOF ratio to below 0.9. If there was no visible fade after reversal, increasing magnesium concentration did not reduce the TOF ratio.ConclusionsMagnesium potentiates the neuromuscular effect of rocuronium and shifts the concentration-response curve to the left. Magnesium decreases the safety margin of reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block with sugammadex.

Luminescence Quenching in Magnesium-Doped Alumina Ceramics

The effect of magnesium impurity on luminescent properties of alumina ceramics sintered at high temperatures under vacuum is studied by pulsed cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, and thermoluminescence. At dopant concentrations >1 wt %, high-temperature synthesis results in formation of defects associated with magnesium, which were identified in the pulsed cathodoluminescence (520 nm) and photoluminescence (767 nm) spectra, as well as in the thermoluminescence curves (380 K). It is found that increased magnesium concentration leads to luminescence quenching of the intrinsic centers (F centers) of alumina in the PCL emission band at 400 nm, impurity defects (Mn4+ and Cr3+) in the photoluminescence emission bands at 673 and 689 nm, and all the recorded thermoluminescence peaks at 380, 450, and 615 K.

Оптические аномалии в кристаллах LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- : Mg

We have established that increase in magnesium concentration in LiNbO3:Mg(0.19-5.91 mol% MgO) crystals leads to re-structuring in defective structure and optical anomalies connected with the re-structuring. The anomalies have threshold character. Optical uniformity of crystals was shown to increase at Mg concentration close to a threshold one ~3.0 mol% MgO. IR-absorption spectrum in the area of stretching vibrations of OH groups shifts to a high-frequency area (~50 cm-1 in comparison with other crystals), when Mg concentration nears the second threshold. At this sharp decrease in protons amount and jump-like shift of an absorption edge in the shortwave region are also observed. The shift was shown to be caused by the fact that at 5.5 mol% MgO all point defects NbLi are substitutes by Mg cations and with an increase in Mg concentration, Mg cations occupy Li and Nb sites forming point defects MgLi and MgNb.

Тушение люминесценции в керамиках оксида алюминия допированных магнием

AbstractThe effect of magnesium impurity on luminescent properties of alumina ceramics sintered at high temperatures under vacuum is studied by pulsed cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, and thermoluminescence. At dopant concentrations &gt;1 wt %, high-temperature synthesis results in formation of defects associated with magnesium, which were identified in the pulsed cathodoluminescence (520 nm) and photoluminescence (767 nm) spectra, as well as in the thermoluminescence curves (380 K). It is found that increased magnesium concentration leads to luminescence quenching of the intrinsic centers ( F centers) of alumina in the PCL emission band at 400 nm, impurity defects (Mn^4+ and Cr^3+) in the photoluminescence emission bands at 673 and 689 nm, and all the recorded thermoluminescence peaks at 380, 450, and 615 K.

Effects of different magnesium levels on some morphophysiological characteristics and nutrient elements uptake in Khatouni melons (cucumis melo var. inodorus)

A nutrient solution experiment was carried out to evaluate effects of different magnesium (Mg) concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of magnesium concentration of Hoagland solution) on growth and physiological characteristics of Iranian melons (Cucumis melo var. inodorus subvar. Khatouni). The experiment was done based on completely randomized design using plastic pots and sand culture. The results showed that SPAD value of leaves, plant leaf number, stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, protein, catalase and peroxidase activities were constantly increased by increasing Mg levels of nutrient solution until 75 or 100% Mg levels, while leaf area, petiole length, internodes length were highest in lower levels of Mg compared to full Mg of nutrient solution. Moreover, the leaf concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium, and iron (Fe), but not calcium (Ca), were increased by increasing magnesium concentration to full Hoagland nutrient solution Mg level.

Determination of ferromagnetic, superparamagnetic and paramagnetic components of magnetization and the effect of magnesium substitution on structural, magnetic and hyperfine properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles

Abstract MgxZn1−xFe2O4 nanoparticles (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) were synthesized by auto combustion method. Structural refinement of the samples using Rietveld method revealed cubic spinel structure and showed migration of Fe3+ ions from octahedral to tetrahedral site with increase in magnesium concentration. TEM analysis showed that Mg doping has no significant influence on average particle size of the samples. The FTIR confirmed spinel structure and shift of ʋ1 and ʋ2 bands with magnesium concentration corroborated cation migration obtained from Rietveld analysis. The simultaneous presence of doublet and collapsed sextet in the Mossbauer spectra is attributed to superparamagnetic or paramagnetic and ferromagnetic particles respectively. The strength of the collapsed sextet increased with the magnesium concentration owing to the enhancement of A-B superexchange interaction. Saturation magnetization is found to be varied with magnesium concentration in accordance with Yafet-Kittel model. The superparamagnetic, ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases in each sample were resolved by curve fitting the experimental M−H curves which confirm findings of our Mossbauer results. Also the contribution of these phases to saturation magnetization was estimated and the coexistence of different magnetic phases is attributed to distribution of particle size.

Influence of physical activity of the maximum aerobic power on hemo-dynamic and morpho-biochemical of change of erythrocytes of female volleyball players

Purpose : to study types of the cardio-hemo-dynamic reaction of an organism and morpho-biochemical changes of erythrocytes of peripheral blood of female volleyball players on physical activity of the maximum aerobic power. Material : 18 female volleyball players with different qualification participated in the experiment (age - 22,0±0,6 years). It is investigated cardio-hemo-dynamic (by functional methods), functional changes (by biochemical methods) and structure of erythrocytes (by means of the scanning electronic microscopy) before and after maximum (3,5 W/kg of body mass) physical activity. Results : It is determined that the maximum physical activity causes essential changes in cardio-hemo-dynamic. Such changes depend on the morphological reorganization of peripheral blood erythrocytes (increase in the index of erythrocytes deformation) and closely correlate with biochemical changes (decrease of ATP concentration and increase of magnesium concentration in erythrocytes). It is discussed the possible mechanisms of realization of reaction features of the organism of female volleyball players to physical activity of the maximum aerobic power. Conclusions : the physical activity of the maximum aerobic power finds typological features of the cardio-hemo-dynamic reaction of the female volleyball players’ organism. Such features are expressed by conformational changes of erythrocytes of peripheral blood. They depend on the concentration of separate macroelements in these cells and type of cardio-hemo-dynamic.

QUINOA AS A NEW LEAFY VEGETABLE CROP IN EGYPT

The present work was aimed to evaluate Chenopodium quinoa cultivar CICA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cv. CICA), in field experiments, as a new and non-traditional leafy crop in Egypt under saline (ECe 17.9 dSm-1) and non-saline (ECe 1.9 dSm-1) soil conditions. Production of biomass, some morphological, physiochemical and yield components traits were estimated at 40 days from sowing date. Biomass production of young quinoa shoot under saline soil was significantly higher by 25% than non-saline soil. Quinoa plants cultivated under saline soil also showed significant high performances for most of morphological traits. Although salinity led to accumulate Na+ concentrations in the leaves by six folds higher than that found in the leaves produced under non-saline soil conditions, but no significant reduction has been observed for K+ concentrations. Moreover, salinity was significantly increased magnesium concentrations in quinoa leaves. On the other hand, no significant increase has been detected of proline or total soluble carbohydrates concentrations in leaves of quinoa grown under saline soil as compared to non-saline soil. This clearly indicated that quinoa plants, during early growth stage, tended to utilize inorganic ions rather than organic solutes to regulate its osmotic potential under saline conditions. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid concentrations were significantly decreased under saline soil. Also, concentrations of crude fiber, crude fat and iron in the leaves of quinoa plants grown under saline soil conditions were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, salinity has no significant influence on crude protein concentrations. These results revealed that the quinoa has the ability to grow and produce considerable high leafy vegetable yield with good quality, in terms of high protein, in land unsuitable for conventional vegetable crops.

High-pressure solid solutions of molecular hydrogen in amorphous magnesium silicates

New amorphous solutions MgySiO2+y-XH2 with the magnesium concentration varying from y = 0 to y = 0.88 were synthesized at a hydrogen pressure of 75 kbar and a temperature of 250 °C, followed by quenching to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The quenched samples were studied by thermal desorption, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction study showed that all hydrogenated samples preserved the amorphous state and had no crystalline inclusions. At the same time, the positions of the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) of the samples with y = 0.32 and 0.6 were shifted by ΔQ = 0.14 Å−1 after the hydrogenation thus signaling on changes in the amorphous network and even its small depolymerization.According to the thermal desorption analysis, the hydrogen content X of the quenched MgySiO2+y-XH2 samples nonlinearly decreased with increasing concentration y of the magnesium ions Mg2+ from X = 0.600(3) at y = 0 to X = 0.259(3) at y = 0.88. The samples with y ≥ 0.49 evolved a significant portion of the dissolved hydrogen on heating in vacuum above 0 °C therefore showing a higher thermal stability than the hydrogenated silica and silicates with low magnesium concentrations. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that hydrogen was dissolved in all samples in the form of H2 molecules, and the width of the H2 stretching line narrowed approximately four-fold with increasing magnesium concentration. Both this effect and the changes in the H2 desorption kinetics presumably resulted from the decreasing dispersion in the size of silicate cavities in the amorphous matrix, which changes from the silica glass structure at y ≤ 0.32–0.49 to the close-packed enstatite glass structure at higher magnesium concentrations.

Gallstone Magnesium Distributions from Optical Emission Spectroscopy

This work reports measurements of calcified gallstone elemental compositions using laser-induced optical emission spectroscopy. The experimental results support the importance of the magnesium concentration in gallstone growth. Granular stones reveal an increased magnesium concentration at the periphery of the granules, suggesting the inhibition of further growth. Non-granular gallstones reveal lower overall magnesium concentrations, but with higher values near the center.

Effect of magnesium and silver doping on the thermoelectric performance of cast Mg2Sn alloys

High quality undoped and silver (Ag) doped Mg2Sn cast products with relatively less cracking were obtained using radio-frequency (RF) induction method under argon atmosphere. The thermoelectric properties of cast alloys were studied as a function of magnesium added up to ∼10.8 wt. % in the temperature range of 323 K (50 °C) to 723 K (450 °C). It was observed that the electrical and thermal conductivity at 323 K (50 °C) was increased by approximately 12 and 4 times as the magnesium concentration changed from 2 to 10.8 wt.%. The lattice thermal conductivity of the near stoichiometric alloy decreased by at least 2 times due to silver doping. However, such effect is faded with an increase in magnesium concentration. This was attributed to the probable increase in the electronic contribution due to metallic magnesium phase. Interestingly, the electrical (and thermal) conductivity was irreversible during the first cycle of heating and cooling. The irreversibility in the conductivity was attributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of tin (Sn) in the Mg phase prior to heating. The Seebeck coefficient of the Ag doped alloy with 10.8 wt. % Mg was ∼120 μV/K and it was reduced to 55 μV/K after the first cycle of heating. However, the decrease in the Seebeck coefficient following cooling was not systematic across all the alloys investigated here. The inability to obtain a unique Seebeck coefficient in the cast alloys at ∼323 K (50 °C) was primarily due to the coarse grain size of Mg2Sn and Mg phases and their respective grain orientations. Consequently, a maximum ZT of 0.055 was obtained at 323 K. However, a ZT of the order of 0.015 can be readily obtained in near stoichiometric silver doped cast Mg2Sn alloys at high temperatures ∼723 K.

Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) on Accumulation of Magnesium in Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 442 Cells

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on accumulation of magnesium ions in Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 442 cells. Under optimized conditions, this is, on 15 min exposure of the 20 h grown culture to PEF of the 2.0 kV/cm and 20 µs pulse width at concentration 400 μg Mg2+/mL medium, accumulation of magnesium in the biomass reached maximum 4.28 mg/g d.m. Optimization of PEF parameters caused an increase of magnesium concentration in the cells by 220% in comparison to the control not treated with PEF. Bacterial cell biomass enriched with Mg2+ may be an alternative for pharmacological supplementation applied in deficiency of this cation.

Abstract 799: Tumour micro-environmental factors and the development of mammary calcifications: Recent findings from an in-vitro model

Abstract The presence of microcalcifications on mammographic images represents a highly valuable tool in the early detection of breast cancer, often allowing radiographers to diagnose mammary tumours at an early, in-situ stage. The presence of microcalcifications has also been linked to a number of unfavourable prognostic factors including decreased survival and an increased probability of relapse. Despite their long history of use in the clinic, the precise mechanisms by which microcalcifications are formed remains poorly understood. Pathological soft-tissue calcification is often considered the result of an imbalance between pro- and anti-calcifying factors. However, the possible impact of such an imbalance has not been studied in the context of breast calcification. We have established an in-vitro model of microcalcification formation using the triple-negative adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. When cultured in the presence of the osteogenesis-promoting reagents β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid and dexamethasone, calcified deposits begin to form by Day 14, as verified by Alizarin Red staining and the quantitative o-cresolphthalein assay. Following the establishment of our model, we set out to identify the underlying molecular triggers initiating the calcification process, in particular the role of micro-environmental factors. Altered magnesium homeostasis has been suggested as an important mediator of tissue calcification. We found that a slight increase in magnesium concentration almost completely blocked calcium deposition in our model. Previous studies in other tissues have shown this protective effect to be dependent on the cation channel TRPM7 which is increased in breast cancer patients with calcifications compared to those without. Unexpectedly, inhibition of the TRPM7 channel by two separate compounds (2-APB and NS-8593) not only failed to reverse the inhibition of microcalcification formation by exogenous magnesium, but actually further decreased calcium deposition by Day 28, suggesting that calcium influx via the TRPM7 channel may be promoting development of mammary calcifications. Finally, we investigated the effect of several tumour associated cytokines on the rate of calcium deposition and found that IL-1β and TNF-α blocked mineralisation whilst IL-6 and BMP2 lead to an increase. Interestingly, co-administration of IL-6 alongside a soluble form of its receptor (sIL-6R) was observed to promote mineralisation even in the absence of dexamethasone, which had previously been essential to the formation of calcifications in our model. To date, our model has yielded a number of important insights into the formation of calcifications in breast cell lines, many of which recapitulate observations from patient studies. It is hoped that this work will contribute to our understanding of the origin of these pre-invasive diagnostic clues. Citation Format: Shane O'Grady, Maria P. Morgan. Tumour micro-environmental factors and the development of mammary calcifications: Recent findings from an in-vitro model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 799. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-799

Magnesium affects spinach carotenoid bioaccessibility in vitro depending on intestinal bile and pancreatic enzyme concentrations

Magnesium may reduce carotenoid bioavailability by forming insoluble complexes with bile salts/fatty acids, inhibiting micelle formation. Here, we investigated whether altering bile/pancreatin concentration influenced potential negative effects of magnesium on carotenoid bioaccessibility. Spinach (4g) was digested in vitro with added magnesium (0, 200, 400mg/L) and canola oil/coffee creamer, at varying bile extract (1 or 8mM) and pancreatin (100 or 990mg/L) concentrations. Bioaccessibility was determined for β-carotene, lutein, and total carotenoids via HPLC. Additionally, lipolysis, particle size, and zeta potential of the micellar fractions were investigated. Increasing magnesium concentrations negatively affected carotenoid bioaccessibility (p<0.001), lipolysis, particle size and zeta potential. The impact of magnesium on carotenoid bioaccessibility was modulated mainly by bile concentration, with samples digested with 1mM of bile being more susceptible to inhibitory effects of magnesium than those digested with 8mM (p<0.001). Thus, magnesium was found to potentially interfere with carotenoid bioaccessibility at various physiologically plausible conditions.

Enzymatic, urease-mediated mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel with calcium carbonate, magnesium-enriched calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate for bone regeneration applications

Mineralization of hydrogel biomaterials is considered desirable to improve their suitability as materials for bone regeneration. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) has been successfully applied as a bone regeneration material, but hydrogel-CaCO3 composites have received less attention. Magnesium (Mg) has been used as a component of calcium phosphate biomaterials to stimulate bone-forming cell adhesion and proliferation and bone regeneration in vivo, but its effect as a component of carbonate-based biomaterials remains uninvestigated. In the present study, gellan gum (GG) hydrogels were mineralized enzymatically with CaCO3 , Mg-enriched CaCO3 and magnesium carbonate to generate composite biomaterials for bone regeneration. Hydrogels loaded with the enzyme urease were mineralized by incubation in mineralization media containing urea and different ratios of calcium and magnesium ions. Increasing the magnesium concentration decreased mineral crystallinity. At low magnesium concentrations calcite was formed, while at higher concentrations magnesian calcite was formed. Hydromagnesite (Mg5 (CO3 )4 (OH)2 .4H2 O) formed at high magnesium concentration in the absence of calcium. The amount of mineral formed and compressive strength decreased with increasing magnesium concentration in the mineralization medium. The calcium:magnesium elemental ratio in the mineral formed was higher than in the respective mineralization media. Mineralization of hydrogels with calcite or magnesian calcite promoted adhesion and growth of osteoblast-like cells. Hydrogels mineralized with hydromagnesite displayed higher cytotoxicity. In conclusion, enzymatic mineralization of GG hydrogels with CaCO3 in the form of calcite successfully reinforced hydrogels and promoted osteoblast-like cell adhesion and growth, but magnesium enrichment had no definitive positive effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Influence of magnesium-substituted Ni–Zn ferrites on magnetic and electric losses at lower frequency

Ni[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text]Fe2O4 ([Formula: see text]) with lower compositions of magnesium were synthesized by the sol–gel method and sintered at 1080[Formula: see text]C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggest the single phase nature of the spinel-type ferrite and increase in lattice parameter for increasing magnesium content. Surface morphology reveals that grain size increases with increasing magnesium concentration. Magnesium substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites showed influence on the interatomic distance for tetrahedral A sites and octahedral B sites calculated using the standard formula. Conductivity along with dielectric measurements gives additional information on the transport mechanism for magnesium substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites calculated at lower frequencies. Both magnetic loss and dielectric loss were investigated at lower frequency to understand the losses associated with domain wall contribution for magnesium-substituted Ni–Zn ferrites.

The role of Mg dopant on the morphological, structural and optical properties of Mg doped zinc oxide grown through hydrothermal method

ZnO nanorods is a low cost II-VI semiconductor compound with huge potential to be applied in optoelectronic devices i.e. light emitting diodes, solar cells, gas sensor, spintronic devices and lasers. In order to improve the electrical and optical properties, group II, III and IV elements were widely investigated as dopand elements on ZnO. In this work, magnesium (Mg) was doped into ZnO nanorods. Samples were prepared firstly by deposition of undoped ZnO seed layer on indium thin oxide coated glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method and then followed by the growth of ZnO nanorods doped by three different Mg concentrations by hydrothermal method. Based on the morphological, microstructural and optical characterizations results, it is concluded that the increase of magnesium concentration tends to reduce the diameter of ZnO nanorods, increases the bandgap energy and decreases the UV absorption the luminescence in UV and visible range.