Incorrect Setting Research Articles

Effect of Parametric Variations and Voltage Unbalance on Adaptive Speed Estimation Schemes for Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drives

Speed Estimation without speed sensors is a complex phenomenon and is overly dependent on the machine parameters. It is all the more significant during low speed or near zero speed operation. There are several approaches to speed estimation of an induction motor. Eventually, they can be classified into two types, namely, estimation based on the machine model and estimation based on magnetic saliency and air gap space harmonics. This paper analyses the effect of incorrect setting of parameters like the stator resistance, rotor time constant, load torque variations and also Voltage unbalance on various adaptive control based speed estimation techniques fed from the machine model. It also shows how the convergence mechanisms of the adaptation schemes are affected during these conditions. The equivalent models are built and simulated offline using MATLAB/SIMULINK blocksets and the results are analysed.

血糖自己測定機器がモル濃度で表示されて血糖管理に支障をきたした1 型糖尿病の1 例

血糖自己測定機器がモル濃度で表示されて血糖管理に支障をきたした1 型糖尿病の1 例

On Extra Delays Affecting I/O Blocks of an SRAM-Based FPGA Due to Ionizing Radiation

This paper aims at characterizing additional delays induced by ionizing radiation in Input/Output Blocks (IOBs) of Static Random-Access Memory Based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (SRAM-Based FPGAs), using measurement techniques based on ring oscillators (ROs). This characterization effort includes experiments performed with proton irradiation at TRIUMF on Xilinx devices (Virtex-5 and Artix-7). Results from these irradiation experiments show that RO period variations, up to 6.2 ns for Virtex-5 and 3.8 ns for Artix-7, could be induced. These results also reveal that the occurrence rate of events (namely delays and breaks) affecting ROs implemented in IOBs is approaching the rate observed when ROs are implemented in the FPGA core, even if the number of configuration bits dedicated to IOBs is significantly lower than for the FPGA core. These radiation test experiments are supported by emulation using similar RO-based measurement techniques and Xilinx SEU Controller as a fault injector. The fault injection experiments allow a better understanding of the behaviour of IOBs affected by additional delays due to configuration bit flips, which in many cases is similar to what can be observed with an incorrect parameter setting. Emulation experiments also reveal that many of the events modifying IOB behaviour are found to require multiple bit fault injection.

Effect of the starting azimuth uncertainty in Eötvös-torsion balance measurements

The magnitude of the impact of the incorrect setting of the starting azimuth on the gradients established by the Eotvos torsion balance was tested at two different kind of area. According to the results, gradients measured by the Eotvos torsion balance are extremely sensitive regarding the precise adjustment of the starting azimuth if the vectors of gradients are high. Furthermore, the worst deviances were experienced in the case of curvature gradients i.e. the most important gradients for geodetic use.

What's that sound? Managing alarm fatigue

What's that sound? Managing alarm fatigue

A non-parametric symbolic approximate representation for long time series

For long time series, it is crucial to design low-dimensional representations that preserve the fundamental characteristics of a series. However, most of the approximate representations require the setting of many input parameters. The main defect of working with parameter-laden algorithms is that incorrect settings may cause an algorithm to fail in achieving the best performance, which is the ability of reducing the dimensionality and retaining the shape information. This is especially likely when the selection of the suitable parameter is not trivial or easy for the user. In this paper, we introduce a new approximate representation of time series, the non-parametric symbolic approximate representation (NSAR), which is based on multi-scale, the approximate coefficients of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and key points. The novelty of the proposed representation is firstly that it uses a hierarchical mechanism to retain shape information of the original time series. Next, the proposed representation is symbolic in employing key points and encoding in approximate coefficients, so it can greatly reduce the dimension of the original time series and potentially allows the application of text-based retrieval techniques. The proposed representation is fast, automatic, and with no parameter tuning by user. To show the efficacy of the new representation, we performed experiments with real and synthetic data. Experimental results show that NSAR can preserve more fundamental characteristics of a series than symbolic approximate representation (SAX) in the same compression ratio, automatically determine the optimal decomposition level for DWT, and has better performance than SAX in the best matching queries.

Pitfalls of insulin pump clocks: technical glitches that may potentially affect medical care in patients with diabetes.

The objective was to raise awareness about the importance of ensuring that insulin pumps internal clocks are set up correctly at all times. This is a very important safety issue because all commercially available insulin pumps are not GPS-enabled (though this is controversial), nor equipped with automatically adjusting internal clocks. Special attention is paid to how basal and bolus dose errors can be introduced by daylight savings time changes, travel across time zones, and am-pm clock errors. Correct setting of insulin pump internal clock is crucial for appropriate insulin delivery. A comprehensive literature review is provided, as are illustrative cases. Incorrect setting can potentially result in incorrect insulin delivery, with potential harmful consequences, if too much or too little insulin is delivered. Daylight saving time changes may not significantly affect basal insulin delivery, given the triviality of the time difference. However, bolus insulin doses can be dramatically affected. Such problems may occur when pump wearers have large variations in their insulin to carb ratio, especially if they forget to change their pump clock in the spring. More worrisome than daylight saving time change is the am-pm clock setting. If this setting is set up incorrectly, both basal rates and bolus doses will be affected. Appropriate insulin delivery through insulin pumps requires correct correlation between dose settings and internal clock time settings. Because insulin pumps are not GPS-enabled or automatically time-adjusting, extra caution should be practiced by patients to ensure correct time settings at all times. Clinicians and diabetes educators should verify the date/time of insulin pumps during patients' visits, and should remind their patients to always verify these settings.

Research on Setting Adjustment of Line Protection

In order to avoid incorrect setting from being a hidden fault source which threats the stable operation of power system, setting adjustment algorithm of line protection is proposed. Through setting detection and setting rectification the algorithm amends incorrect setting and reduces the number of mismatch protection to the greatest extent. A method of calculating high step coverage of interphase current protection based on node impedance matrix is also proposed in this paper. The example shows the proposed algorithm is practical.

SU‐E‐I‐90: Medical Physicists' Implication in Diagnostic CT in Switzerland: Results of After One Year of Experience

Purpose:Since January 1st 2008, the Swiss ordinance on radiation protection requires the involvement of a medical physicist to support the optimization process of medical imaging techniques using ionizing radiation. After a long process of implementation, this requirement is satisfied all over the country since the beginning of 2013. The goal of this contribution is to summarize the main results obtained in this first year of experience in CT.Methods:We assessed the output and clinical use of 45 CT units using a three‐pronged approach. First, we assessed the output of the device (CTDIvol, primary beam collimation and HU in water at different tube tensions). Secondly, we characterized the local chest and abdomen acquisition and reconstruction protocols using the Catphan 600 phantom. Lastly, we assessed the clinical use of the machine by analyzing an extract of a dozen clinical examinations per unit.Results:9 out of 45 units had incorrect collimator settings, e.g. 4mm instead of 1mm. We witnessed also a large spread in reconstruction parameters, especially for reconstructed slice thickness, thus showing notable variations in low contrast detectability performances. Clinical practice is also clearly spread out. For example, estimated patient effective dose per abdomen examination lies at 18.7+/−12.7mSv (min: 2.0mSv — max: 112.0mSv). Chest and brain scans have a narrower dispersion, but patient effective dose is also spread by about a factor of 10 to 20.Conclusion:The spread in clinical practice being fairly large, it appears of crucial importance to collaborate more closely with radiologists and technologists to assess it. The lack of statistical precision will imply that we analyze clinical practice according to a specific medical demand rather than an anatomical region. Furthermore, low contrast sensitivity (LCD) being a crucial parameter, an objective method using a model observer will be used to assess LCD.

Evaluation of Linear Axis Motion Error of Machine Tools Using an R-test Device

The existing accuracy test standard for machining centers (ISO10791) is being revised in order to add a test method for five-axis machining centers. In the revised part of the standard (ISO10791-6), simultaneous three-axis interpolation motion accuracy tests for two linear axes and one rotary axis are proposed as an interpolation accuracy test for five-axis machining centers. These tests enable the measurement of the motion error in three directions, e.g., X, Y, and Z. Two devices can be used as the measurement instrument in these tests. One is a ball bar device, and the other is a combination of a ball and a displacement sensor. An R-test device that incorporates three displacement sensors has been designed for the latter. Using the ball bar device, measurement in three directions can be performed independently, and the radii of circular interpolations for each measurement are different. Using the R-test device, time is shortened by measuring three measurement directions at once, and the acquired data can be analyzed in various ways. The original goal of the measurement method using the R-test device was to measure the dynamic accuracy of the rotary axes. In the present study, the R-test device was actually prototyped and several machines were measured. In addition to the dynamic error of the rotary axes, incorrect pitch error compensation settings for the numerical controller, straightness, or squareness of the linear axes can be well detected.

Two years of recorded data for a multisource heat pump system: A performance analysis

The concept of a low energy building in a temperate climate (according to the Koppen climate classification) is based upon the following principles: reduction of heat losses through enhanced insulation; the inclusion of heat recovery on mechanical ventilation; and the use of high efficiency heating/cooling systems integrated with renewable technologies. It is almost impossible to achieve optimum results in terms of global energy efficiency if one of these elements is omitted from the design.In 2009, a new school building, integrating these three key elements, was opened in Agordo town, located in northern Italy. The main design features of the building incorporate a well insulated envelope and a space heating and ventilation system driven by an innovative multisource heat pump system.Outdoor air is a common heat source, although it does have widely documented limitations. Heat pump systems can utilise more efficient sources than air, including those of ground heat, solar heat, and heat recovery. The installed system within the school building incorporates these three sources. A multisource system aims to enhance the performance of the heat pump, both in terms of heating capacity and overall efficiency.The present work includes evaluation and analysis of data obtained through real time monitoring of the working system in operation, for a period of approximately two heating seasons. During this time, the behaviour of the system was assessed and the incorrect settings of the plant were identified and subsequently adjusted as required. The energy balance indicates that the integration of different sources not only increases the thermal performance of the system as a whole, but also optimizes the use of each source. Further savings can be obtained through correct adjustment of the set point of the indoor temperature.During the final stage of the study, the total energy consumption of the new building is calculated and compared to that of the former building that housed the same school, which had similar dimensions.

Improved Sequence Network Model of Wind Turbine Generators for Short-Circuit Studies

Protective relay settings for wind turbine generators often depend on short-circuit calculations performed using sequence network circuits in rms-based protection software. Traditional assumptions made in deriving the sequence network representation of induction machines result in some error in short-circuit calculations, which could potentially cause incorrect relay settings. A more accurate sequence network model of induction machines is derived in this paper to aid in short-circuit calculations in induction-generator-based wind plants. A rigorous mathematical approach to defining the stator short-circuit current equations under general faults is described and validated with transient simulations. The sequence network model of the induction machine is derived from the closed-form mathematical solutions. An example short-circuit calculation is performed on a simple network in this paper, and found to have a marked improvement in accuracy from traditional sequence network calculation methods for unbalanced faults. Resonant effects of power factor correction capacitors are also described.

A W7-X experiment program editor––A usage driven development

The set-up of experiment programs for the complex fusion device Wendelstein 7-X has to define a multitude of parameters which have to obey large number of rules arising from physics and technical constraints. Since this is hard to automate as long as the dependencies are not known sufficiently, the W7-X CoDaC team decided to implement an editor following a constructive approach: starting from an established experiment program the user is able to modify parts of it – thus complying the usual workflow of experimenters.Already the very first implementation has been deployed at the W7-X CoDaC prototype, the WEGA stellarator. Driven by agile programming principles the weighting of the requirements has been influenced by the editor usage in the daily experiment routine, thus ensuring client-oriented development steps and short release cycles. At present, a stable program editor implementation with graphical preview, immediate feedback on user actions and instantaneous warnings about incorrect settings is under continuous operation at the CoDaC prototype. It has potential to improve together with growing knowledge about the physical and technical constraints. The experiences gained give certainty that the editor is suitable for future use during the start-up phase and the first years of W7-X operation.

Experimental and Numerical Strategies to Consider Hole Eccentricity for Residual Stress Measurement with the Hole Drilling Method

Abstract For the analysis of residual stress depth distributions the semi-destructive incremental hole drilling method is the process of choice for quick and cost-efficient measurements. Nevertheless, the experimental execution has to be carried out carefully. Minor deviations of the ideal case, for example incorrect depth setting or eccentricity of the drilled hole to the center of the applied strain gage rosette can result in large errors or invalid results. In this paper two different strategies are presented, in order to take eccentricity into consideration. The first strategy requires a specific strain gage rosette consisting of eight single strain gages arranged at 45° angle to each other. The second strategy works with standard strain gage rosettes, but with calibration functions modified for the eccentric case. Both strategies are able to reveal and to correct the consequences of eccentricity on the results of stress analyses. In order to improve the quantitative accuracy of residual stress measurements the latter strategy should be preferred.

EComment. Hybrid treatment of lone-standing atrial fibrillation

We read with interest the article by La Meir and colleagues about minimally invasive thoracoscopic hybrid treatment of lone atrial fibrillation, via the use of either a monopolar or bipolar radiofrequency device [1]. Following their early institutional experience, they conclude that the use of a bipolar device is associated with a better outcome compared to a unipolar device, especially in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF. Although the study deals with a topic of vivid interest and controversial debate, the article has several major limitations. First, the authors claim that the described approach is a hybrid technique. However, the paper does not define any true hybrid approach, merging surgical and electrophysiological (EP) techniques as previously proposed by several other groups, including ours [2]. In fact, no systematic protocol was described and from the paper it is possible only to infer that patients underwent a surgical ablation and a concomitant EP evaluation which was targeted at addressing potential gaps or additional right-sided lesions (IVC, SVC, intercaval). However, those right-sided lesions were almost exclusively delivered in the group undergoing bipolar RF ablation and patients with persistent and long-standing AF could have robust benefits from such additional ablations on the right atrium. Of note, it is important to stress that there was a major difference, almost significant (p = 0.054), among the two groups with respect to the presence of paroxysmal AF preoperatively (unipolar RF= 26.3% vs bipolar RF = 45.7%). Ablation for paroxysmal AF is obviously associated with a significantly better outcome regardless of the type of lesion set and energy source. This bias is even more significant given the small sample size (unipolar = 19 vs bipolar = 35) which are further divided into even smaller subgroups (paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent). Furthermore, the authors evidenced the need for endocardial touch-up due to gaps, in particular following unipolar RF ablation (with the site of such gaps not being disclosed). Nevertheless, they report (as outlined in the Discussion section) a device setting of 60°C and 120 s which is clearly not the recommended one. In fact, the proper settings of the monopolar device used in the study should be 75°C and 120 s with at least a double application per segment (the device has 2 segments, proximal and distal) which means that ablations must be delivered at least 4 times, and not 2.8 as reported by the authors themselves. This implies that the monopolar device may have been used improperly in terms of inadequacy of either temperature or number of applications, therefore leading to absence of conduction block in the whole series of patients undergoing ablation with the monopolar device. Moreover, the timing between the surgical and electrophysiological procedures is a matter of utmost importance. In fact, simultaneous surgical/EP procedures may be associated with false negative results (such as acute demonstration of a bidirectional block which could be only transient and not potentially confirmed in the chronic setting), as well as with false positive results in terms of early inducible arrhythmias, which usually require further “maturation” of the ablative lesions [3]. It is also debatable whether the excision of the left atrial appendage (which occurred once again exclusively in the group undergoing bipolar RF ablation) could have contributed to a significant volume reduction or potentially to different rhythm outcome as well. In conclusion, besides specific technical issues, such as incorrect device settings for the monopolar device or an extensive lesion set with right-sided lesions only in the bipolar group, the current study deals with a limited number of patients, therefore leading to consistent statistical quirks which can severely jeopardize the reliability and the interpretation of the results. Further studies, enrolling larger and comparable populations receiving similar left and right atrial lesion sets, are warranted in order to further elucidate the real impact of different types of energy sources in the clinical outcome of patients undergoing minimally invasive AF surgical ablation. Conflict of Interest: Claudio Muneretto and Gianluigi Bisleri disclose a financial interest with Estech.

SU-E-T-63: The Unintended Dose to Normal Tissues Resulting from Incorrect Jaw Settings Using Cones in Stereotactic Radiosrurgery (SRS)

Purpose: To report changes of cone beam properties when opened jaw field sizes were incorrectly set larger than the cone beam limiting device and to show the unintended dose to normal tissues resulting from the error in Linac‐based non‐coplanar arc treatment. Methods: The Monte Carlo code, BEAMnrc, was used to simulate the entire Linac head and circular cone beam limiting device accessory of a 6 MV beam. In addition to the correct jaw size of 5cm×5cm, two incorrect jaw sizes, 10cm×10cm and 20cm×20cm are simulated. The simulated beams were stored in phase‐space files and were analyzed to obtain the beam properties. The beams were then used to calculate dose to patient based on CTimages resulting from non‐coplanar arcs. For the same circular cones, the dose to both target and the normal tissues were compared between using correct jaw settings and incorrect ones. Results: When the jaw sizes are larger than the cone beam limiting device, significant photon fluence at off‐axis distances greater than 5cm was confirmed using film measurements. Monte Carlo dose calculations for a representative patient using a 10 mm BrainLab cone arc plan resulted in a small dose increase within the regions of less than 5cm radius and a large dose increase (20% of dose to the target) for the regions at distance greater than 5cm up to the field size of 20cm×20cm set by jaws. For 20 Gy tumor dose, this jaw size error may result in 4 Gy of unintended dose to normal tissues at distance greater than 5 cm away from the isocenter. Conclusions: The unintended doses to normal tissues are significant due to jaw setting errors. The point dose QA measurement performed at isocenter may not detect the error in jaw setting. A more robust QA protocol is warranted.

Advanced HVAC Control: Theory vs. Reality

AbstractIntelligent control of HVAC equipment is a key step towards improving the energy efficiency of commercial buildings. Although advanced control techniques have been developed and validated under real conditions, numerous buildings are still being poorly controlled due to wrong setpoints, incorrect PID settings, no coordination of individual PID loops, and other practical problems. This paper aims to summarize the major contributors to inefficient HVAC control and outline possible approaches towards better control strategies. Three areas are discussed: performance monitoring tools, rule-based control strategies and model-based predictive control (MPC). Performance monitoring tools help control engineers to quantify the performance of a particular control strategy, compare multiple control strategies among themselves, and define a baseline for such comparisons. Rule-based control strategies utilize various setpoint resets, rules and other heuristics to reduce HVAC energy consumption; however, such methods yield sub-optimal solutions only. Finally, MPC is a powerful and industrially-proven technology for optimal control of complex systems, but its use in building control seems to be so far limited. The paper analyzes challenges and constraints when implementing a control strategy in real projects, and covers topics such as missing sensors, legacy controllers and legislative changes needed to motivate building owners towards more efficient facility management.

Verification of Flexray Start-Up Mechanism by Timed Automata

Verification of Flexray Start-Up Mechanism by Timed AutomataThis contribution deals with the modelling of a selected part of a new automotive communication standard called FlexRay. In particular, it focuses on the mechanism ensuring the start-up of a FlexRay network. The model has been created with the use of timed automata and verified. For this purpose the UPPAAL software tool has been used that allows the modelling of discrete event systems with the use of timed automata, and subsequently the verification of the model with the use of suitable queries compiled in the so called computation tree logic. This model can be used to look for incorrect settings of time parameters of communication nodes in the network that prevent network start-up and subsequently the start of the car. The existence of this model also opens the way for finding possible errors in the standard. On the basis of the model, the work gives a case study of the start-up mechanism behaviour verification in a FlexRay network consisting of three communication nodes.

Patient safety incidents associated with equipment in critical care: a review of reports to the UK National Patient Safety Agency

We reviewed all patient safety incidents reported to the UK National Patient Safety Agency between August 2006 and February 2007 from intensive care or high dependency units. Incidents involving equipment were then categorised. A total of 12 084 incidents were submitted from 151 organisations (median (range) 40 (1-634) per organisation). Of these, 1021 incidents were associated with use of equipment, most commonly involving syringe pumps/infusion devices (185 incidents), ventilators (164 incidents), haemofilters (107 incidents) and monitoring equipment (70 incidents). Twenty-nine incidents were associated with more than temporary harm to patients. Failure or faulty equipment was described in 537 incidents (26% with some harm) and incorrect setting or use was described in 358 incidents; these were more likely to be associated with harm (39%; p = 0.001). We suggest changes to improve the reporting of incidents and to improve equipment safety.

Reading between the (head)lines: A processing account of article omissions in newspaper headlines and child speech

In psycholinguistic research, minimized, or reduced structures, are a characteristic property of the child and agrammatic Broca’s aphasics’ speech. These constructions have received much attention in the linguistic literature, with a particular focus on the omission patterns the two populations exhibit. In most cases, such minimization or reduction has been explained in terms of different underlying knowledge mechanisms, for example as an incorrect parameter setting, or a partial reduction (“pruning”) of a syntactic tree. It is remarkable, however, that in unimpaired adult speech reduction (or minimization) of structure is also possible. As a characteristic of unimpaired speech, these utterances have been investigated to a much lesser degree. In this article we offer a processing account of the cross-linguistic similarities and differences observed in the pattern of article omissions in newspaper headlines, one of the so-called special registers. We demonstrate that there are interesting similarities between this register and the pattern of omissions observed in small children. Furthermore, this pattern is observed both in Dutch and Italian: two languages that differ in their inventory of the article system. We present an information theoretical model of article selection and production that explains the optional nature of the structure reduction in both child speech and newspaper headlines. We conclude that minimization (or reduction) of structure can be explained in terms of optimization of the underlying processing mechanisms.