Energy Income Research Articles

Patterns of Long-Term Change in Body Composition Are Associated with Diet, Activity, Income and Urban Residence among Older Adults in China

Patterns of Long-Term Change in Body Composition Are Associated with Diet, Activity, Income and Urban Residence among Older Adults in China

Low income energy assistance and disconnection in France

Electricite de France, the French monopoly provider of electricity, has been testing a number of new policy instruments to avoid disconnection among its low income customers. This paper uses decentralization, a common feature of social programmes, to identify the impact of Electricite de France's energy assistance programmes on the probability of disconnection for households with difficulties of payment. Naive estimates of programme impact are shown to be seriously biased.

Beverage choices affect adequacy of children's nutrient intakes.

To assess the relationship between beverage choices and the adequacy of nutrient intakes among children and adolescents. Beverages reported in 24-hour recall records were classified as milk, 100% juice, fruit-flavored drinks, or carbonated sodas. Recommended intakes were based on Recommended Dietary Allowances or Dietary Reference Intakes. Four thousand seventy children aged 2 to 5, 6 to 11, and 12 to 17 years participating in the 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. The likelihood of achieving recommended intakes of selected nutrients on the day of recall was assessed with multiple logistic regression including ounces of milk, juice, fruit-flavored drinks, and carbonated sodas in the model while controlling for sex, age in years, race/ethnic group, household income, and total energy intake. Milk consumption was positively (P<.0001) associated with the likelihood of achieving recommended vitamin A, folate, vitamin B(12), calcium, and magnesium intakes in all age strata. Juice consumption was positively (P< or =. 001) associated with achieving recommended vitamin C and folate intakes in all age strata and magnesium intakes among children aged 6 years and older. Carbonated soda consumption was negatively (P< or =. 01) associated with achieving vitamin A intake in all age strata, calcium in children younger than 12 years, and magnesium in children aged 6 years and older. Beverage choice can have a significant effect on the nutrient adequacy of the diets of children and adolescents.

Estimating energy and oil demand functions: A study of thirteen developing countries

Estimating energy and oil demand functions: A study of thirteen developing countries

IV. Grants

IV. Grants