Phase Inclusions Research Articles

Analysis of Frameworks for Digital Skills Training for Secondary School Teachers: A Systematic Review

To improve the quality of education, educators must be provided with updated curricular proposals, resources, and tools to optimize and develop their digital competencies regularly. This systematic literature review aims to investigate the association between frameworks, training, and diagnostic strategies used from 2017 to October 2022 to enhance the digital proficiency of secondary school educators. The PRISMA methodology guidelines were followed. From 589 documents in Scopus and after the identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion phases, an in-depth sample analysis (n=29) was performed with ATLAS.ti. The study identified DigCompEdu, DigComp and the INTEF framework as the primary sources of reference for creating of face-to-face and online training programs. Ad hoc diagnostic research and the application of established tools were predominantly led by Spain and Portugal. Three aspects stand out: a growing trend to develop digital competencies comprehensively and not only at the instrumental level; however, it is recognized that some proposals focus on the identification and improvement of specific sub-competencies. Secondly, there is a need to create permanent communication channels to update and improve the different dimensions of the digital competence of teachers through contributions, questions and experiences shared in virtual communities, not only during training. Lastly, there is the possibility of creating digital certification systems for new levels of competence with alternatives such as micro-credentials.

Genesis of the Hajibolagh-Zalibolagh Cu-(Ag) intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit, Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran: Evidence from ore geology, fluid inclusions, and stable isotopes

The Hajibolagh-Zalibolagh deposit located northeast of the city of Saveh in the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc of Iran, demonstrates vein and breccia vein style copper-(silver) mineralization hosted by Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks. The main mineralization stage can be divided into four phases, respectively (1) jasperoid + quartz veins, chalcopyrite, and pyrite; (2) quartz veins along with chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite; (3) quartz-barite veins along with chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite and pyrite; and (4) veins of quartz, calcite, hematite, and oligist along with a small number of copper sulfides. The main stages of mineralization are cut by barren post-ore quartz and calcite veinlets. As a result of supergene processes, minerals are oxidized, and malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, chalcocite, covellite, goethite, and hematite are formed, presenting an important exploration guide. The hydrothermal alteration from the center of the vein-veinlets to the outside includes, respectively, silicification, sericitization, intermediate argillic, and propylitic. The average salinity and homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusions is 14.2 wt% NaCl equiv. and 288 °C, respectively. The coexistence of the vapor phase, liquid-rich phase, and halite-bearing fluid inclusions is a sign of boiling in this hydrothermal system, which has contributed to copper saturation. Sulfur isotope values for pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and bornite are mainly from –0.16 to 2.98 ‰, indicating a probable magmatic source for sulfur. Boiling, dilution, and mixing are the mechanisms for the ore deposition and facilitated the mineralization. The Hajibolagh-Zalibolagh deposit shows the highest similarity to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits. The best environment for the mineralization and fluid circulation in these epithermal deposits is the intersection of faults with the Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks.

Implementation Strategies for Maternal Near-Miss Case Reviews in LICs and LMICs: A scoping review protocol.

Maternal mortality remains a persistent public health concern despite significant strides in reduction over the past few decades, with a global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 223 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020, indicating a 34.3% decline over 20 years, with Low income countries (LICs) and Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) bearing the major burden. Effective implementation of facility-based near-miss case reviews (NMCR), endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), faces challenges hindering progress, making exploring implementation strategies through a scoping review essential. This scoping review aims to identify and characterize implementation strategies employed in Low and Lower Middle- Income Countries to facilitate the implementation of facility-based NMCR. The scoping review will follow Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, involving five stages: identifying the research question, selecting relevant studies, selecting data, charting, and summarizing the results. Electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCOhost - CINAHL Ultimate, and Ovid MEDLINE will be searched, supplemented by citation tracking. Rayyan will be used to screen and remove duplicates, with data charting conducted using Google Sheets. Two independent reviewers will conduct blinded screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion phases. Reviewers will conduct Systematic data extraction independently using piloted forms, with discrepancies resolved through team discussion and consensus. The review will identify and characterize implementation strategies employed to facilitate the implementation of facility-based near-miss case reviews in LICs and LMICs. The findings of this review will contribute to the understanding of implementing strategies for facility-based NMCR in LICs and LMICs. The review can help in designing interventions/programs to reduce maternal mortality and knowledge products.

Numerical simulation on cellular structure and mechanical properties of tungsten particles/polymethyl methacrylate microcellular composites

AbstractMicrocellular composites combine the advantages of composite material and microcellular material. Introducing the inclusion phase into the polymer matrix can optimize the cellular structure and improve the mechanical properties of microcellular materials. This paper focuses on rigid W particles reinforced PMMA microcellular materials, combining compression experiments and meso FE simulations to investigate the structure–property relationship of cellular structure and compressive properties for W/PMMA microcellular composites. The results indicate that W particles promote heterogeneous nucleation, reducing the cell size to 3 μm, and reinforce the PMMA matrix. W particles (10 → 60 wt%) are linearly and exponentially related to compressive modulus and compressive strength of W/PMMA microcellular composites, increased by 49.3% and 19.8%. Void porosity (71% → 48%) is quadratic related to compressive properties of W/PMMA microcellular composites, increased by 109%. Cell sizes (5 → 1 μm, especially smaller than the W particle sizes) are exponentially related to compressive properties of W/PMMA microcellular composites, increased by 38.5%. This work provides theoretical support for the regulation of cellular structure and optimization of mechanical properties of microcellular materials.

Epitaxial growth and stoichiometry control of pyrochlore Nd2Ru2O7 thin films

We report on the epitaxial growth of pyrochlore NRO thin films utilizing a reactive off-axis sputtering technique. The growth process employed Ru and Nd metal targets with a repetitive substrate temperature sequence. X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements confirm that the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of near-stoichiometric NRO films match those of the bulk material. Our spin-polarized density functional calculations based on Nd2Ru2O7 structural parameters accurately describe the optical spectra and assign Hubbard bands to the interband transitions observed above the optical band gap of 0.2 eV. By utilizing the technique's capability to adjust the degree of ruthenium deficiency, we investigated Nd2Ru2O7 films across a wide range of stoichiometric variations. Decreasing the Ru/Nd ratio results in lattice expansion, an increase in the optical band gap, and the suppression of Ru 4d intersite optical transitions. Additionally, this adjustment facilitates the elimination of minor inclusions of a ferromagnetic NdOx impurity phase, influencing the magnetic properties of stoichiometric films at low temperatures. The successful growth of Nd2Ru2O7 films opens up promising opportunities for designing and exploring strain- and light-induced states in pyrochlore ruthenates. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Thermodynamics of interactions and structural peculiarities of interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane and copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine

Interpenetrating polymer networks based on biocompatible components – polyurethane and copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with methacryloyloxyethylyphosphorylcholine (HEMA-MPC) were synthesized and thermodynamic parameters of interactions in the system and morphology were investigated. The thermodynamic parameters of interactions between polymer components of the IPNs were calculated based on sorption isotherms of methylene chloride vapors by samples of the created polymer systems. It is shown that MPC plays the role of a compatibilizer in the system, increasing the thermodynamic compatibility between polyurethane and the HEMA-MPC copolymer at small amounts of the copolymer in the IPNs. As the amount of copolymer HEMA-MPC in the IPNs increases, the value of the free energy of the polyurethane and copolymer mixing shifts to the positive value, which is associated with the formation of ionic clusters of MPC. This may mean that with an increasing amount of the MPC in the system, interactions between the negatively charged phosphoryl groups and the positively charged nitrogen atom of various MPC polymer chains occur, i.e., the part of intermolecular interactions (polyurethane and copolymer) decreases, while the part of intramolecular interactions (between different groups of MPC) increases. The results of the morphology investigations of the IPN samples are consistent with the data of the thermodynamic compatibility study of polymers during the formation of the IPNs. With a significant increase in the positive values of the free energy of the polyurethane and copolymer mixing in the IPNs with 41 % and 51 % of the copolymer content, a significant phase separation is observed in the IPNs, with phase inclusions ranging from 1 to 5 mm.

Reaching teachers of early multilingual learners through professional development: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT This systematic literature review synthesises 49 studies exploring teacher professional development (PD) focused on the education of multilingual learners (MLs). Specifically, we examined PD design for in-service mainstream classroom teachers serving MLs in early elementary grades. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for transparent reporting in systematic reviews, including the four phases of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Findings show that although the content of PD has covered foundational literacy areas, such as vocabulary and comprehension, more attention is needed on integration of culture and MLs’ linguistic repertoires. Results also show that PD with positive outcomes is ongoing, collaborative, and includes multiple stakeholders. However, there is room for the inclusion of family and teacher voice. We conclude by arguing that future research on PD within the context of ML education should explore long-term impact of interventions on teachers and students and focus on leadership roles to expand instructional capacity for MLs.

Influence mechanism of solution temperature on microstructure evolution and tensile properties of Ti microalloyed high strength steel CGLC700

The influence mechanism of solution temperature on the strength and toughness of Ti microalloyed steel CGLC700 was studied. The microstructure changes of Ti microalloyed steel were observed by micro-electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile test. The appropriate solution temperature can promote the solid solution of Ti atoms and the formation of small-sized TiN, TiC and other particles, hinder the movement of dislocations, and improve the tensile properties of steel. When the solution temperature is 1240 °C (2#), the grain size of steel is the lowest, the proportion of high angle grain boundary is the highest, and the tensile properties of steel are the best. Ti microalloyed steels increased tensile strength by 4.12%, yield strength by 2.85% and elongation by 28.4%. Too low or too high solid solution temperatures weaken the strengthening effect of the microalloying elements and led to a reduction in the tensile properties of the steel. This can be attributed to the low solid solution of Ti at low solid solution temperatures and the growth of second phase particles and inclusions at too high solid solution temperatures. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the heat treatment process of Ti microalloyed steel.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НЕОДНОРІДНОСТІ ПЛАСТИЧНОЇ ДЕФОРМАЦІЇ ГЕТЕРОФАЗНИХ НЕМЕТАЛЕВИХ ВКЛЮЧЕНЬ В СТАЛЯХ

The nature and level of plasticity of microcomposite heterophase inclusions in steels under pressure treatment condition was investigated. Plastic phases in heterophase inclusions of various types under the conditions of hot and cold deformation of steels were investigated. It is shown that each type of inclusions, which are microcomposite formations in steels, is characterized by its own laws of the development of deformation processes, which are determined by their chemical and phase composition, structure, deformation capacity of inclusion phases. The generalized of the plastic behavior of heterophase inclusions of various types with a complex structure have been established and inhibitory effect of non-deformable inclusion phases on the behavior of plastic phases in a wide range of deformation temperatures of steels has been established. The peculiarities of the nature of plasticity of heterophase inclusions with different compositions and structures are discussed. The use of the obtained results will make it possible to develop technologies for obtaining steels with a regulated content and types of heterophase non-metallic inclusions, which will significantly increase their technological plasticity, as well as prevent the formation of various types of defects during pressure treatment of steels.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MELT-QUENCHED PB-BA-SN ALLOYS FOR GRIDS OF LEAD ACID BATTERIES

Mechanical properties and structure of specimens of melt-quenched lead alloyed with Ba and Sn for batteries grids have been studied. It has been shown that during isothermal aging at 80°C alloys do show no tendency to recrystallize and lose strength. The results of studies of the phase composition have allowed us to propose a mechanism of alloy strengthening during the ageing process. Strengthening of the Pb–Ba–Sn alloys proceeds due to precipitation hardening and formation of Pb3Ba precipitates that further transform to inclusions of Sn5Ba phase. Barium has no modification effect on crystallization processes of the alloys. The grains of lead-based solid solution become finer because more crystallization nuclei form under higher overcooling.

Towards a Learning Progression of Alternative Energy at School: A Literature Review

The enormous energy crisis due to the high demand for energy consumption leads to the need to incorporate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the learning strategy to ensure energy-literate citizens. This study addressed the analysis of the current trends of alternative energy education in the school setting in terms of educational level scope, content area, and educational strategy. The data was gained from the Scopus database and the PRISMA method which includes the identification, screening, and inclusion phase was used. 15 articles were brought to the inclusion phase to be read and analyzed. The result highlighted that the educational level covered in alternative energy education mainly focused on secondary and university levels. It is found that at elementary and high school levels, there are insufficient amounts of alternative energy education happened. Most of the papers covered general alternative energy as the topic and the rest of the articles mainly focus on one type of alternative energy topic. Project-based learning was the most common educational strategy in teaching alternative energy and STEM learning comes as the second common. Pedagogical, professional development, problem-based learning, and virtual lab were also utilized to teach alternative energy

Frequency-based electric fingerprint and thermal properties of the NWA 869 chondrite

The NWA 869 chondrite is among many common stony regolith breccia meteorites that have been collected from northwest Africa (NWA). It is composed of Fe sulphide and Fe-Ni metallic phase inclusions embedded in a silicate stony matrix (primarily pyroxene). Although the physical properties of meteorites are the implementation of their mineral and chemical compositions, their electric and dielectric properties (electric conductivity σ, dielectric constant ε′, and dielectric loss ε") are rarely studied, while no literature has been published on their thermal properties (thermal conductivity K, thermal diffusivity α, specific heat capacitance Cp, and thermal effusivity e). Consequently, the present study deals with studying the electric and dielectric properties of the NWA 869 chondrite at a frequency range (4.0 Hz-8.0 MHz), and their behavior against the applied frequency (fingerprint) was matched. Also, the thermal properties were measured at the ambient conditions. The porosity and density of the chondrite were also measured using helium injection technique. To explain the electric and thermal properties of the meteorite sample, its internal structure as well as its mineral and chemical compositions were revealed using the environmental Scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) supported by the EDAX technique. It is indicated that the chondrite is composed of iron sulphide and Fe-Ni inclusions scattered in a stony silicate matrix; it is characterized by moderate density (3.5069 g/cc) with a considerable porosity value (2.12 %). It is also characterized by moderate electric conductivity (σ), dielectric constant (ε′), and dielectric loss (ε") values (0.50 < σ < 2037.3 ohmm, 67.0 < ε' < 1713.7, and 0.22 < ε" < 12,432 at frequency range 4 Hz-8MHz, respectively). Also, it is characterized by thermal conductivity (K), thermal diffusivity (α), thermal capacitance (Cp), and thermal effusivity (e) values of average 1.5185 W/(K.m), 1.5425 mm2/s, 286 J/(K.kg), and 2628 W(s)0.5/m2K, respectively.

Study of fractality nature in VO2 films and its influence on metal-insulator phase transition

The mechanisms underlying the origin of fractal shape of inclusions of a new phase in VO2 films during metal-insulator phase transition are discussed. The obtained results show that hysteresis of the temperature dependence of resistance R(T) significantly depends on the film morphology and texture. Moreover, some fractal features are observed. To determine the fractal dimension D of the structural elements of the studied films from their images, different fractal analysis approaches were preliminary compared and discussed. As a result of the film image treatments, the boundaries of the structural elements were found to have fractal dimensions of 1.3 to 1.5 or higher and to correlate with the shape of R(T). The fractal boundaries indicate the dominant role of elastic stress on the phase transition of films, which is confirmed by numerical modeling. Based on these results, an analytical model is proposed that relates the free energy of a film to the fractal dimension of its constituents. Depending on the ratio of the elastic and interface specific energies, the position of the free energy minimum F corresponds to a certain fractal dimensionality D. A small interface energy leads to a higher fractal dimension making the initial phase more stable. This conclusion explains well all the effects observed experimentally in VO2. The obtained results provide a better understanding of the influence of structure and morphology on other properties of the studied films.

Clinical Applications of 3D-Printed Polymers in Dentistry: A Scoping Review.

The aim of this scoping review is to categorize 3D-printing applications of polymeric materials into those where there is evidence to support their clinical application and to list the clinical applications that require a greater evidence base or further development before adoption. An electronic search on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus (Elsevier), and Cochrane Library databases was conducted, including articles written in English and published between January 2003 and September 2023. The search terms were: ((3D printing) OR (3-dimensional printing) OR (three dimensional printing) OR (additive manufacturing)) AND ((polymer) OR (resin)) AND (dent*). Case reports, in vitro, in situ, ex vivo, or clinical trials focused on applications of 3D printing with polymers in dentistry were included. Review articles, systematic reviews, and articles comparing material properties without investigation on clinical application and performance/accuracy were excluded. The search provided 3,070 titles, and 969 were duplicates and removed. A total of 2,101 records were screened during the screening phase, and 1,628 records were excluded based on title/abstract. In the eligibility phase, of the 473 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 254 articles were excluded. During the inclusion phase, a total of 219 studies were included in qualitative synthesis. There is lack of clinical evidence for the use of 3D-printing technologies in dentistry. Current evidence, when investigating clinical outcomes only, would indicate non-inferiority of 3D-printed polymeric materials for applications including diagnostic models, temporary prostheses, custom trays, and positioning/surgical guides/stents.

Formation and characterization of Al10CaFe2 compound in Al−Ca−Fe alloys

The phase diagram of the Al−Ca−Fe system in the aluminum corner, including the liquidus projection and solidification reactions, was studied by using thermodynamic calculations and experimental techniques. The results show that instead of the Al3Fe phase, a ternary compound whose composition corresponds to the formula Al10CaFe2 should be in equilibrium with the aluminum solid solution (Al). Thе transition from the binary to the ternary compound occurs via the peritectic transformation L + Al3Fe → (Al) + Al10CaFe2 (at 638 °C, 3.3 at.% Ca and 0.5 at.% Fe). Primary and eutectic crystals of the ternary compound have a compact morphology, in contrast to needle-shaped inclusions of the Al3Fe phase. First principles calculations and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to determine the crystal lattice structure of Al10CaFe2 ternary compound. In addition, the near eutectic alloy Al−6wt.%Ca−1wt.%Fe after annealing at 500−600 °C has a fine structure with a total fraction of excess phases of about 25 vol.%. Thus, the Al−Ca−Fe system can be used to create new aluminum-matrix composite alloys.

Mineralogical characteristics and fluid inclusions of the Dashuixiabei crystalline graphite deposit in the Dunhuang block

AbstractGraphite is a strategic mineral resource of the world. The Dashuixiabei (DSXB) crystalline graphite deposit is located in the Dongbatu area in the Altyn crystalline graphite metallogenic belt. This study presents data from x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser Raman spectroscopy, and fluid inclusions analysis conducted on the DSXB crystalline graphite deposit. The graphite is flake shaped, with a diameter of 0.1–0.4 mm. A group of extremely complete cleavage was observed under SEM, and the overall distribution was a flake. The C content in graphite is greater than 90 wt%, followed by N, O, and so on. The results of XRD analysis show that the lattice parameters of the DSXB crystalline graphite is a = 0.246–0.2465 nm, c = 0.6714–0.6715 nm, and V = 0.03519–0.03532 nm3. The degree of graphitization ranges from 0.8490 to 0.8519, indicating that the graphite crystal structure is relatively intact, the average metamorphic temperature is 552°C, and the content of 3R polytypes ranges from 13.16% to 13.25%. It is concluded that the metamorphic rocks of the DSXB crystalline graphite deposit have undergone medium‐grade metamorphism. The Raman spectral peaks show that DSXB crystalline graphite has a high degree of crystallinity. The DSXB crystalline graphite ore is dominated by hydrothermal fluids with medium‐low temperature and medium‐low salinity, and the vapor phase of the fluid inclusions is composed of CH4. There may be a superposition of the main and secondary mineralization stages. The crystalline graphite from the DSXB deposit shows high quality and stable ore quality, which has good metallogenic conditions and development and utilization prospects.

Long-lived shallow crustal magma reservoirs beneath Ulleung Island volcano (South Korea) and their rejuvenation recorded in zircon

The microanalytical data obtained from zircons collected on Ulleung Island, an emergent peak of a Quaternary alkaline magma system in the southwestern East Sea (Sea of Japan) back-arc basin, provide new insights into the origin of magma, magmatic processes, and the trigger of explosive eruptions. The U-Th ages of zircons extracted from a pumice layer formed during the intense Plinian eruption at ∼11 ka, known as the Ulleung-Oki tephra, show a wide range spanning the pre-eruption equilibrium state (>350 ka) up to the eruption event itself. Zircon grains derived from syenite and gabbro fragments entrained within the tephra yield weighted mean U-Th and U-Pb ages of 34.7 ± 2.3 ka and 1378 ± 22 ka, respectively. Under cathodoluminescence, zircons from the syenite reveal dark, featureless, or oscillatory-zoned cores, containing numerous inclusions of britholite-like Y-rich phases and pyrochlore. These cores are partially or entirely replaced by inclusion-free, brighter domains, suggesting that in situ dissolution and precipitation processes significantly influenced the transformation of zircon. The consistently low δ18O values (5.4–2.6‰) of zircons from Middle Pleistocene trachyte lavas, the Ulleung-Oki tephra, and lithic fragments indicate the persistent presence of shallow crustal magma reservoirs beneath Ulleung Island. These reservoirs have undergone substantial assimilation of hydrothermally altered rocks, with assimilation rates typically around 10–30% and reaching a maximum of approximately 50%. Zircon core-to-rim variations in oxygen isotopic composition, along with textural observations, suggest the rejuvenation of magma reservoirs through the injection of new melt, which likely served as a trigger for the explosive eruptions at Ulleung Island. The similarity in the range of εHf values between the core and rim (+7.4 to −4.3) implies the Hf isotopic consistency of the recharge melt.

Effects of Composition Variations on Mechanochemically Synthesized Lithium Metazirconate-Based Ceramics and Their Resistance to External Influences

The study examines the influence of variations in the compositions of components for the production of lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate obtained by the method of mechanochemical grinding and subsequent thermal sintering. For component variation, two compositions were used, consisting of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and two distinct types of lithium-containing materials: lithium perchlorate (LiClO4·3H2O) and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). Adjusting the concentration of these components allowed for the production of two-phase ceramics with varying levels of impurity phases. Using X-ray phase analysis methods, it was determined that the use of LiClO4·3H2O results in the formation of a monoclinic phase, Li2ZrO3, with impurity inclusions in the orthorhombic phase, LiO2. On the other hand, when Li2CO3 is used, the resulting ceramics comprise a mixture of two phases, Li2ZrO3 and Li6Zr2O7. During the studies, it was established that the formation of impurity inclusions in the composition of ceramics leads to an increase in the stability of strength properties with varying mechanical test conditions, as well as stabilization of thermophysical parameters and a decrease in thermal expansion during long-term high-temperature tests. It has been established that in the case of two-phase ceramics Li2ZrO3/Li6Zr2O7 in which the dominance of the Li6Zr2O7 phase is observed during high-temperature mechanical tests, a more pronounced decrease in resistance to cracking is observed, due to thermal expansion of the crystal lattice.

Algama Gold Ore Cluster (Aldan–Stanovoi Shield): Mineralogy, Formation Conditions, Sources of Ore Matter, and Age of Mineralization

Abstract —The paper presents results of research into the conditions of formation of ores in the poorly studied Algama ore cluster (Bodorono deposit and Dyvok ore occurrence) located at the junction of the Aldan Shield and the Stanovoi area. We have established that Bi and Se minerals (bismuthinite, lillianite, native bismuth, tellurobismuthite, tetradymite, hedleyite, pilsenite, and laitakarite) are present in the ores of the Bodorono deposit. Two successive productive stages of mineral formation have been distinguished: Au–polymetallic and Au–Bi–Te. The corresponding minerals are products of the evolution of a hydrothermal system, during which a gradual decrease in fluid temperature (from 300 to 145 °C) and salinity (from 5 to 1.9 wt.% NaCl equiv.) took place. The fineness of native gold gradually increases from early (~840‰) to late (~940‰) stages and changes in passing from simple sulfides to sulfosalts. The evolution of the ore system is accompanied by a change in the composition of the vapor phase of fluid inclusions from CH4–CO2 to CO2 with an impurity of N2 and CH4. The results of 40Ar/39Ar dating of pre-ore metasomatites point to ore-forming processes at the Bodorono deposit ca. 150 ± 1.8 Ma. Analysis of the isotopic composition of lead in galena shows the leading role of the ancient crustal source of ore matter. The calculated isotopic composition of oxygen (δ18OH2O) in ore-bearing quartz varies from 1.0 to 7.3‰, which corresponds to an aqueous fluid of a mixed source. The Dyvok ore occurrence differs from the Bodorono deposit in the mineral composition of ores and the physicochemical parameters of ore formation. Four mineral stages have been established within the ore occurrence: gold–arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz, pyrite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite, quartz–boulangerite, and telluride. The telluride stage is represented by hessite, altaite, volynskite, merenskyite, melonite, and rucklidgeite. Gold-bearing mineralization formed from a fluid of medium salinity (0.9–9.2 wt.% NaCl equiv.) with a predominance of CO2 and an impurity of CH4 in the vapor phase at moderate temperatures (310–360 °C). The calculated values of δ34S and δ18O varied from 2.2 to 3.0‰ and from 0.6 to 12.0‰, respectively. The 40Ar/39Ar age of gold mineralization is 124.0 ± 1.5 Ma, which corresponds to the stage of tectonomagmatic activity in the Aldan Shield.

Effect of liquid inclusions on the elasto-mechanical properties of solid-liquid composites

Solid-Liquid Composites (SLCs) are a class of soft materials with soft solid matrix encapsulating liquid inclusions. These novel composite materials have a wide range of potential applications, including thermal management, biomedicine, soft-robotics, and flexible electronics [1,2]. By manipulating the type and volume of the liquid inclusion, the properties of SLCs can be fine-tuned to suit specific requirements. In this work, a dilute SLC is developed using commercial grade silicone (Smoothon Ecoflex 00-30) as the solid phase and laboratory-grade Glycerin as the liquid inclusion. While Eco-flex 00-30 mimics the behavior of a certain class of human tissues [3], Glycerin was selected as it is nontoxic and immiscible with silicone. A novel fabrication technique was used for the precise distribution of the liquid inclusion in the uncured soft polymeric material. The elastic properties of the SLCs were then determined experimentally for various volume fractions of the inclusion phase. In the second part, experimental data were used to characterize and compare its properties with various linear-elastic and Hyper-elastic material models. The fabricated SLCs exhibit properties similar to biofidelic materials in literature.