Incidence Rate Of Diabetes Mellitus Research Articles

Cigarette Smoking and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients

BACKGROUND:The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus has increased throughout the year. Various studies indicate that smoking may affect glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to compare the blood glucose and HbA1c level in diabetic smoking patients and non-smoking diabetic patients.METHODS:This study used the cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 30 diabetic smoking patients and 30 non-smoking diabetic patients. The diabetes history and the smoking status of the study population obtained by questionnaire-based interview, the blood glucose and HbA1c level were measured by hexokinase and immunoturbidimetry method using cobas 6000 analyser module c501 (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland).RESULTS:The result in this study showed the fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c were higher by 23.64 mg/dl (p = 0.325), 58.00 mg/dl (p = 0.016), 0.39% (p = 0.412) in smoking diabetic patients compared to non-smoking diabetic patients. After statistical analysis, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) of postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group, but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1cCONCLUSIONS:This study concluded that there was a significant difference in postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c.

Assessing a new hip index as a risk predictor for diabetes mellitus.

Aims/IntroductionRecently, a new anthropometric parameter (a new hip index [HI]) was developed, and the HI shows a U‐shaped relationship to mortality in the USA population. It is well known that there is an inverse relationship between hip circumference (HC) and the risk of diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, the study sought to investigate whether HI could predict future diabetes mellitus, as compared with HC and the waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), in a general Chinese population.Materials and MethodsIn 2007, we carried out a health examination of 687 participants (mean age 48.1 ± 6.2 years, male 58.1%). Development of diabetes mellitus by the 2007 examination was studied in relation to data from a baseline health examination carried out in 1992.ResultsDuring the follow up, 74 participants were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Across the quintiles of baseline HI, the incidence rates of diabetes mellitus were 12.4, 12.4, 9.9, 7.8 and 11.3% in quintile (Q)1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, respectively (P = 0.698). With the lowest quintile (Q1) as reference, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that HI was not associated with diabetes mellitus. In contrast, HC and WHR could predict future diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, WHR had the best discriminatory power for diabetes mellitus (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.691, 95% confidence interval 0.621–0.761), followed by HC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.623, 95% confidence interval 0.558–0.689) and HI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.464, 95% confidence interval 0.396–0.531).ConclusionsCompared with HC and WHR, HI was not an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population. More studies are required to delineate the limits of the utility of HI.

JinqiJiangtang tablets for pre-diabetes: A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial

This study observed the efficacy and safety of JinqiJiangtang tablets (JQJT tablets, a traditional Chinese patent medicine) for pre-diabetes. Four hundred patients with pre-diabetes at five centres were treated for 12months and followed for an additional 12months to investigate the preventative effects of JQJT tablets (Registration ID: ChiCTR-PRC-09000401). The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus was the primary endpoint. The risk of converting from pre-diabetes to diabetes was 0.58-fold less in the JQJT tablets group than in the placebo group [HR (95% CI): 0.58 (0.384, 0.876), P = 0.010]. Furthermore, the probability of achieving normalized blood glucose was 1.41-fold greater in the JQJT tablets group than in the placebo group [HR (95% CI): 1.41 (1.002, 1.996), P = 0.0049]. ITT analysis revealed that the incidence of diabetes upon treatment completion was 16.5% in the JQJT tablets group compared with 28.9% in the control group. The percentage of patients with normalized blood glucose upon 12-month intervention was 41.8% in the JQJT tablets group compared with 27.8% in the control group. JQJT tablets could be an effective intervention for preventative treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Relationship between coronary atherosclerosis in coronary computed tomography angiography and serum vitamin D level

ObjectivesVitamin D deficiency has been shown to influence the development of some cardiovascular disease. In this study, the association between the existence of coronary artery plaque and vitamin D was examined among participants who were not previously diagnosed with coronary artery disease. MethodsA total of 339 participants (246 men and 93 women) who visited a health examination center for check-up including blood test for serum vitamin D level and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) were selected for this study. ResultsAmong the total 339 participants, 106 displayed coronary artery plaques. The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level of the group with plaque was lower than that of the group without (17.7 ± 7.72 ng/mL vs. 19.6 ± 7.12 ng/mL, P = 0.0316). The group with plaque had higher incidence rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia than that without (P = 0.0078, P = 0.0065, and P = 0.0174, respectively). The former displayed higher serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels than the latter (P = 0.0055 and P = 0.0137, respectively). The group with plaque showed higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than that without (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0012, respectively). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that 25(OH)D (coefficient, −0.06; odd ratio, 0.9433; 95% confidence interval, 0.8967–0.9924), age, and sex were independently related with presence of coronary artery plaque. ConclusionsRelatively low vitamin D level was observed among participants with plaque, which was determined through CCTA during a health examination. Plaque formation and serum 25(OH)D level showed inverse relationship.

Accuracy of fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c testing for the early detection of diabetes: A pilot study

Diabetes, often referred as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism because of the defects in insulin releasing, insulin action, or both. The most common form of diabetes mellitus is type 2 diabetes which is a worldwide chronic disease.The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing for the early detection of diabetes and to evaluate the correlation between FPG and HbA1c as a biomarker for diabetes in the general population in Hong Kong. This study also observed and assessed the risk of diabetes by comparing different genders and ages in Hong Kong.A retrospective study was undertaken and the data was collected in the database of a HOKLAS (The Hong Kong Laboratory Accreditation Scheme) clinical laboratory from 200 diabetic and non-diabetic patients (83 females and 117 males, age ranged from 20 to 90) who attended the laboratory during January 2016 to February 2016 for both FPG and HbA1c measurements.A significant correlation between HbA1c and FPG (r2=0.713, p<0.05) was observed in this study. Moreover, patients detected as diabetes in age groups 45–64, 65–74 and ≥75years old were 2.5, 3 and 6 times respectively higher than that of the diabetic individuals under 45years old.In conclusion, FPG was significantly correlated with HbA1c and a significant increase in FPG and HbA1c in male was observed by comparing with female. Furthermore, the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus in male was 3 times higher than that in female in Hong Kong and it progressed with increasing age. Further longer term and large scale research in each age group is warranted.

Association between use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and diabetes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis: a nationwide, population-based cohort study of 84,989 patients.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the association between the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (PS/PSA).Patients and methodsThis retrospective cohort study used a nationwide, population-based administrative database to enroll 84,989 cases with AS, RA, or PS/PSA who initiated treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs or nonbiologic DMARDs. Multivariable analysis was used to estimate the effect of different therapies on the risk of DM.ResultsThe incidence rates of DM per 1,000 person-years were 8.3 for users of anti-TNF drugs, 13.3 for users of cyclosporine (CSA), 8.4 for users of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and 8.1 for users of other nonbiologic DMARDs. Compared with the users of nonbiologic DMARDs, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for DM were significantly lower for those who used anti-TNF drugs with HCQ (aHR: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.66) and those who used HCQ alone (aHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.63–0.78), but not for those who used anti-TNFs without HCQ (aHR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.94–1.60) or CSA (aHR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.77–1.70).ConclusionThe aHR for DM was lowest for patients with RA and PS/PSA who initiated treatment with an anti-TNF agent with concomitant HCQ, followed by HCQ users. Those who used anti-TNF agents without HCQ and other nonbiologic DMARDs had a similar risk of DM.

Health policies on dialysis modality selection: a nationwide population cohort study

ObjectivesIn Taiwan, peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis are fully accessible to patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the usage of PD is considered low in Taiwan. Since 2005, 4 major...

Abstract 704: Hyperglycemia stimulates glycolysis and enhances migratory/invasive potential in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of glycolysis (HK2/PKM2) in the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and elucidate how hyperglycaemia stimulate HK2 and PKM2 and enhance migration/invasion potential in TSCC. Methods: A total of 501 patients which diagnosed as TSCC between 1998 and 2004 were enrolled in the retrospective study. The expression of HK2/PKM2 was examined by IHC and the relationship between TSCC and diabetes mellitus (DM) was investigated. We then investigated the role of HK2/PKM2 in the migration and invasion of TSCC and relevant pathways (the SOD2-H2O2 pathway and miR-138 pathway). Finally, we investigated whether hyperglycaemia enhance migratory/invasive potential of TSCC through stimulating glycolysis. Results: The prevalent rate of TSCC patients with diabetes was 13.97%, which was significantly higher than the incidence rate of DM (11.6%) in China. Cox analysis revealed that the HR for patients with DM vs without DM was 1.32. IHC results confirmed that the up-regulation of PKM2/HK2 expression was correlated with tumor stage, clinical stages, diabetes, lymph node metastasis and associated with reduced overall survival. PKM2/HK2/AKT1 overexpression increased cell migration and invasion, SOD2 activities and intracellular H2O2. The siRNA-based PKM2/HK2 knockdown inhibited cell migration and invasion, reduced activities of SOD2 and intracellular H2O2, and also inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Luciferase assays revealed that PKM2/AKT1 was directly targeted by miR-138 and miR-138 can reduce the expression of the PKM2/AKT1 gene. High glucose enhanced the migration/invasion ability, miR-138/PKM2/HK2 expression and increased SOD2 activities and intracellular H2O2. Conclusions: Our results confirm that DM may be a risk factor in the development of TSCC. PKM2/HK2 plays an important role in the progression of TSCC, and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for patients with TSCC. High glucose stimulates glycolysis (PKM2/HK2) and enhances migration/invasion potential in TSCC. Citation Format: Anxun Wang, Wei Wang, Luodan Zhao, Qianting He, Jingjing Sun, Zhonghua Liu, Zujian Chen, Xiaofeng Zhou. Hyperglycemia stimulates glycolysis and enhances migratory/invasive potential in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 704.

Aging and influence of inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio in the incidence of co-morbidities and mortality in a cohort of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Background and objectiveIt has been postulated that the inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio as a hallmark of immunosenescence can be an independent factor that can herald the risk of co-morbidities. We studied the influence of aging and inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio in the incidence of comorbidities and mortality in the cohort of Hosptital Severo Ochoa. MethodsWe analyzed the differences in the incidence rates of age-adjusted morbidities and evaluated the inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio as predictor of mortality and development of comorbidities. ResultsAge was associated with an increased incidence rate of diabetes mellitus, fractures, COPD and non-AIDS malignancies. We found an increased incidence rate of non-AIDS clinical events (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.025–4.94) and AIDS events (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58–7.64) in individuals with CD4:CD8 ratio <0.7. Moreover, patients with a CD4:CD8 ratio <0.7 ratio had a higher risk of mortality (OR 5.96; 95% CI 0.73–48.40). ConclusionIt is important to detect and prevent non-AIDS comorbidities in the presence of a CD4:CD8 ratio <0.7.

Envejecimiento e influencia de la inversión del cociente CD4/CD8 en la incidencia de las comorbilidades y mortalidad de una cohorte de pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana

Background and objectiveIt has been postulated that the inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio as a hallmark of immunosenescence can be an independent factor that can herald the risk of co-morbidities. We studied the influence of aging and inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio in the incidence of comorbidities and mortality in the cohort of Hosptital Severo Ochoa. MethodsWe analyzed the differences in the incidence rates of age-adjusted morbidities and evaluated the inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio as predictor of mortality and development of comorbidities. ResultsAge was associated with an increased incidence rate of diabetes mellitus, fractures, COPD and non-AIDS malignancies. We found an increased incidence rate of non-AIDS clinical events (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.025-4.94) and AIDS events (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58-7.64) in individuals with CD4:CD8 ratio<0.7. Moreover, patients with a CD4:CD8 ratio<0.7 ratio had a higher risk of mortality (OR 5.96; 95% CI 0.73 to 48.40). ConclusionIt is important to detect and prevent non-AIDS comorbidities in the presence of a CD4:CD8 ratio<0.7.

Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Insured Swedish Cats in Relation to Age, Breed and Sex.

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in cats. Most affected cats suffer from a type of diabetes similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. An increasing prevalence has been described in cats, as in humans, related to obesity and other lifestyle factors.ObjectivesTo describe the incidence of DM in insured Swedish cats and the association of DM with demographic risk factors, such as age, breed and sex.AnimalsA cohort of 504,688 individual cats accounting for 1,229,699 cat‐years at risk (CYAR) insured by a Swedish insurance company from 2009 to 2013.MethodsWe used reimbursed insurance claims for the diagnosis of DM. Overall incidence rates and incidence rates stratified on year, age, breed, and sex were estimated.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of DM in the cohort was 11.6 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0–12.2) per 10,000 CYAR. Male cats had twice as high incidence rate (15.4; 95% CI, 14.4–16.4) as females (7.6; 95% CI, 6.9–8.3). Domestic cats were at higher risk compared to purebred cats. A significant association with breed was seen, with the Burmese, Russian Blue, Norwegian Forest cat, and Abyssinian breeds at a higher risk compared to other cats. No sex predisposition was found among Burmese cats. Several breeds with a lower risk of DM were identified.Conclusions and clinical importanceOur results verify that the Burmese breed is at increased risk of developing DM. We also identified several previously unreported breeds with increased or decreased risk of DM.

Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Emirati Residents in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type-2 is a major public health concern worldwide. Not much information is available with regard to the incidence of DM in United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed at determining the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus among Emirati population in Ajman, UAE. This is a retrospective cohort study.MethodsThis study was conducted in all primary health care centers and Shaikh Khalifa and GMC Hospitals, Ajman, UAE where the Emirati population primarily go for diagnosis and treatment. The incident cases of diabetes mellitus were collected during the period 2010 January to December.ResultsA total of 158 cases newly detected in 2010, 54 were among non-Emiratis and one was type-1 diabetes. Eliminating these, the remaining 101 were included in the analysis. The age of the patients ranged from 23 years to 78 years; 35 (34.7%) males and 66 (65.3%) were females. The overall incidence observed was 4.8/1,000 person-years (PY) with a female predominance of 6.3/1,000 PY against incidence among males of 3.3/1,000 PY. With regard to age specific incidence rate among males, it increases with age till 60 years and then showed a decreasing trend. Among females also the same trend was observed but not as similar to males.ConclusionThe highest incidence rate was observed in the 55-59 age group among males, 23.4/1,000 PY and females, 32.4/1,000 PY. Among males the incidence rate was much less compared to females in-the age groups older than 59 years.

SAT0092 A Risky “Metabolic Intersection”: the Risk of Incident Diabetes in Patients with Gout

BackgroundGrowing evidence supports that hyperuricemia is independently associated with a greater future risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM). A previous cohort study that included men with a high...

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy increases the risk of diabetes: A 5-year follow-up study

To examine the risk of diabetes mellitus within a 5-year period among patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy . A total of 304 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were included in the study cohort. A total of 3040 patients with nephrolithiasis who did not undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy were used as a comparison cohort. All participants included in the present study were individually tracked for a 5-year period in order to identify those who developed diabetes mellitus during this timeframe. The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus was 3.03 per 100 person-years in participants who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy and 1.65 per 100 person-years in participants who did not undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy. After adjusting for the participants' monthly income, geographic location, urbanization level, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome, the hazard ratio of receiving a first diagnosis of diabetes mellitus during the 5-year follow-up period was 1.96 (95% confidence interval 1.40-2.77) for participants who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Furthermore, compared with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or endoscopic intervention, participants who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy had a significantly increased hazard of developing diabetes mellitus (adjusted hazard ratio 1.79 for a percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and adjusted hazard ratio 1.71 for a percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs an endoscopic intervention). The present results suggest an association between patients with nephrolithiasis who undergo a percutaneous nephrolithotomy and a subsequent diabetes mellitus diagnosis.

A short message service (SMS) intervention to prevent diabetes in Chinese professional drivers with pre-diabetes: A pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial

AimTo determine the efficacy of delivering short-message service (SMS) to provide diabetes-related information in reducing the risk of developing diabetes in Chinese professional drivers with pre-diabetes. MethodsA pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in Hong Kong between 05/2009 and 04/2012. Professional drivers with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomly allocated to either a SMS group receiving messages comprising knowledge and lifestyle modification on diabetes or to a control group with usual care. Primary outcomes were the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus over 12 and 24 months period. ResultsFifty-four, out of 104 professional drivers recruited, were randomly allocated to intervention group. Fewer subjects developed diabetes at 12 months in intervention group (5.56%) compared to control group (16.00%). Relative risk (RR) of diabetes onset was 0.35 (95%CI: 0.10–1.24) and the number needed to treat (NNT) for preventing one diabetes was 9.57. At 24 months, RR increased to 0.62 (95%CI: 0.24–1.61) with a NNT of 10.58. Logistic regression showed a significant odds ratio of 0.04 (P=0.021) for intervention group compared to control group at 12-month follow-up for completers and a non-significant odds ratio of 0.34 (P=0.303) at 24-month follow-up. ConclusionsThe SMS program proved to have potential to reduce the risk of developing diabetes at 12 months but additional measures should be integrated to prevent or delay disease progression.

Population-based cohort study on the increase in the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus development from nonapnea sleep disorders

ObjectivesThe evidence concerning the relationship between nonapnea sleep disorders and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is scant and elusive. Our study aimed to examine if nonapnea sleep disorders increase the risk for DM using a population-based retrospective cohort study from 1997 to 2010. MethodsIn the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), 45,602 patients with nonapnea sleep disorders were identified as the study cohort. The comparison cohort was formed by 91,204 age- and gender-matched controls. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the risk for developing DM. ResultsIn 45,602 patients with nonapnea sleep disorders, 7241 new cases of DM were reported during the follow-up period. The mean follow-up time was 9.04 (standard deviation [SD], 3.33) and 8.96 (SD, 3.47) for the nonapnea sleep disorders cohort and the comparison cohort, respectively. The incidence rate of DM was higher in the nonapnea sleep disorder cohort than in the comparison cohort (17.6 vs 13.3 per 1000 individuals-years). Overall, patients with nonapnea sleep disorders had a higher risk for DM compared to patients without nonapnea sleep disorders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.02–1.08]). Men with nonapnea sleep disorders had a higher risk for DM than the men in the comparison group (adjusted HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03–1.14]). Among subjects aged less than 40years, patients with nonapnea sleep disorders had a higher risk for DM than the comparison group (adjusted HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.27–1.59]). Compared with the comparison cohort, patients with sleep disturbance had an 11% higher risk for DM (adjusted HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07–1.16]). ConclusionCompared to patients without nonapnea sleep disorders, patients with nonapnea sleep disorders had a higher risk for developing DM, especially among those who were less than 40years of age and who had sleep disturbances.

Influence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease on the development of diabetes mellitus

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to metabolic syndrome, and is known to be associated with impaired fasting glycemia and diabetes mellitus. This prospective community-based study was conducted to determine the association between NAFLD and incidence of diabetes mellitus in an urban adult population in Sri Lanka. Participants of the Ragama Health Study cohort were assessed for NAFLD using established ultrasound criteria in 2007. Those who were free of diabetes at baseline were followed up for 3 years. Incidence rates of diabetes mellitus were compared between subjects with and without NAFLD at baseline. Out of 2984 subjects, 926 had NAFLD and 676 had diabetes in 2007. Of the 2276 subjects who were free of diabetes in 2007, 1914 were re-assessed in 2010. After 3 years, 104 out of 528 subjects with NAFLD and 138 out of 1314 subjects without NAFLD had developed diabetes mellitus de novo. Incidence rates of diabetes were respectively 64.2 and 34 per 1000 person-years of follow up for those with and without NAFLD. NAFLD was an independent predictor of developing diabetes mellitus. Other independent predictors were impaired fasting glycemia and dyslipidemia. Subjects with ultrasonically diagnosed NAFLD have an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Intervention for NAFLD through lifestyle modification may prevent progression of the current diabetes epidemic.

Risk of diabetes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis

ObjectiveTo examine the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) among subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis (PsA/PsO), compared with non-rheumatic controls.MethodsStudy cohorts were assembled using linked healthcare utilisation...

Prevalence and incidence rate of diabetes mellitus in a Swedish community during 30 years of follow-up

Increasing diabetes prevalence has been reported in most European countries in the last 20 years. In this study we report on the development of prevalence and incidence of diabetes from 1972 to 2001 in Laxå, a rural community in central Sweden. A diabetes register was established at the primary healthcare centre (PHCC) in Laxå, beginning in 1972 and based on data from clinical records at the PHCC, nearby hospitals and private practitioners in the area. In addition, case-finding procedures involving 85% of the residents aged 35 to 79 years old was performed from 1983 onwards. During the study period a total of 776 new diabetes cases was found, 36 type 1 diabetes mellitus and 740 type 2 diabetes mellitus. The age-standardised incidence rates for type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus were 0.15 and 3.03 cases per 1,000 population, respectively. No increase in incidence over time was detected for either forms of diabetes. Age-standardised prevalence for women and men increased from 28.3 and 25.9, respectively, per 1,000 in 1972 to 45 and 46.3 per 1,000 in 1988 (p < 0.0001), thereafter falling to a mean of 43.5 per 1,000 for women, while men had a mean of 44.9 per 1,000 for the rest of the study period. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Laxå is high, but has not increased during the last 13 years. The incidence rate was relatively stable over the whole 30-year period.

An analysis of the risk factors of schizophrenia with glucose metabolic abnormality

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者发生糖尿病(DM)的可评估性危险因素.方法 自制调查表,对精神分裂症患者发生DM的可能影响因素中可以评估的因素进行回顾性调查及统计学分析.结果 336例精神分裂症患者中,3年间发生DM 22例(6.5%),Logistic回归分析显示其发病的危险因素包括有DM家族史、肥胖、病程长、平日血糖偏高、接受氯氮平治疗等.结论 精神分裂症患者发生DM的危险因素高,可以进行预测性评估和提早干预。