Incidence Of Sores Research Articles

Effect of modified Braden score on prevention of pressure ulcer in patients with femoral neck fracture

Objective: To evaluate the effect of improved Braden rating scale in patients with total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Sixty patients with total hip arthroplasty were divided into observation group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Patients in the control group were evaluated by the Braden Score.The incidence of pressure ulcers and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: By using the improved Braden score scale, the incidence of sore in the control group was significantly lower than that of patients. Conclusion: The improved Braden score can provide personalized nursing care for patients with femoral neck fracture and total hip arthroplasty, which can effectively eliminate the occurrence of pressure sore in high risk population.

Effects of postoperative semi-reclining position in early stage on the comfort degree of patients with endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative semi-reclining position in early stage on the comfort degree of patients with endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia. Methods Totally 106 cases of patients with endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were selected from the ENT&HN Surgery Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital during September 2014 to May 2015. The patients were randomly divided into the control group (n=54) and the experimental group (n=52) . Patients in the control group adopted traditional clinostatism after surgery, while patients in the experimental group adopted early semi-reclining position after surgery. Four hours after surgery, patients' comfort degree with discomfort visual analogue score (VAS) were evaluated, and the incidence of neck-shoulder soreness and waist soreness of patients was compared between two groups. Results In the experimental group, the total discomfort VAS score of patients was 3.00 (2.00~5.00) , which was lower than VAS score 4.00 (3.00~6.00) in the control group (Z=-2.270, P<0.05) . In the experimental group, the incidence of shoulder-soreness was 0, and the incidence of waist soreness was 3.85%, and they were all lower than those in the control group (16.67%, 11.11%) (χ2= 9.471, 5.666; P<0.05) . Conclusions Early semi-reclining position can effectively reduce the postoperative headache, ear fullness and general discomfort of patients with endoscopic sinus surgery, reduce the occurrence of shoulder-neck soreness and waist soreness of patients, and improve patients' comfort. Key words: Anesthesia, general; Nursing care; Endoscopic sinus surgery; Semi-reclining position

Improvement and effect of the preventive measures for patients at high risk of pressure sore

Objective To explore the application effects of the preventive measures for patients at high risk of pressure sore managed by doctors, nurses, and patients. Methods The study investigated 74 patients at high risk of pressure sore who were hospitalized in the respiratory medicine department in a grade Ⅰ class III hospital in Anhui from January 2012 to October 2015. The participants were randomly divided into the control group (n=37) and the intervention group (n=37). The control group received the routine nursing care while the intervention group received the cooperation mode managed by doctors, nurses, and patients. The implementing rate, compliance and incidence rate of the pressure sore were compared between the two groups. Results The implementing rates of the nurses, the compliance of the patients or their family members and the incidence rates of the pressure sore were significantly better in the intervention group (94.6%, 100.0%, 0.0%) compared to the control group (81.1%, 78.4%, 10.8%) and the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions The cooperation mode managed by doctors, nurses, and patients not only can improve nurses′ implementing rate and patients′ compliance but also can reduce the incidence of the pressure sore in high-risk patients. Key words: Department of respiratory medicine; Comprehensive prevention; Pressure sore; High-risk patient

Effect of Quanyutuo on preventing the facial pressure sores in severe acute pancreatitis patients with noninvasive ventilation

Objective To explore the effect of Quanyutuo on preventing the facial pressure sores in severe acute pancreatitis patients with noninvasive ventilation. Methods Ninety severe acute pancreatitis patients with noninvasive ventilation were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table, each with 45 cases. The control group received the Kanghuier ulcer stick to protect facial skin, and the observation group received the Quanyutuo, and the incidence of the facial pressure sores and the time of dressing exchange were compared in two groups. Results The cases of emergence of facial pressure sores were 13 cases including 11 cases with stage I and 2 cases with stage II in the control group, and were 4 cases with stage I in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant （ X^2 = 5. 874, P 〈 0.05）. The time of dressing exchange in the location of facial compression was （ 72.53 ± 6.48 ） h in the observation group, and was longer than （24. 36 ± 5.78 ） h in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （ t = 37. 214, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Quanyutuo can significantly reduce the incidence of the facial pressure sores in severe acute pancreatitis patients with noninvasive ventilation. Key words: Quanyutuo; Severe acute pancreatitis ; Noninvasive ventilation; Pressure sores ; Efficacy

Effect analysis of circuit cushion application in heart bypass surgery

Objective To investigate the practicability and safety of MEGA2000 soft loop pad used in heart bypass surgery.Methods Totals of 200 cases patients with heart bypass surgery,according to the time sequence of operation were divided into two groups:control group in which 100 cases of negative plate group and observation group,that 100 examples for loop pad group.Then,frequency of electric knife alarm,the incidence of skin burn and sore in two groups were observed and compared.Results In negative plate group,26 cases with electric knife alarm,3 cases with bed sore,1 case with burn,while no case could be found in loop pad group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The heart bypass surgery using loop pad is safe,comfortable,convenient and feasible and economical and practical,which expand the suitable range of high frequency electricity knife in the heart bypass surgery that beneficial to decrease operative medium pressure sore,the occurrence of burn and reduce the nurses working strength,reduce the postoperative complications. Key words: Heart bypass surgery; Circuit cushion; Negative plate

Ethnicity gap in incidence of bed sores

Ethnicity gap in incidence of bed sores

Ethnicity gap In incidence of bed sores

Ethnicity gap In incidence of bed sores

Live and processing performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with complexed zinc

SUMMARY In this study, the influence of complexed Zn (C-Zn) supplementation on live performance (BW, feed conversion, and mortality), skin quality (incidence of sores, scabs, and scratches; footpad dermatitis), processing yields, and meat quality of broiler chickens was assessed at 49 d of age. A total of 1,440 male broilers were assigned to 3 dietary treatments: 1) an inorganic Zn control diet (IC; 80 ppm of ZnSO4), 2) 40 ppm of ZnSO4 in the IC diet replaced with C-Zn (IC-C-Zn), and 3) an additional 40 ppm of C-Zn added on top of the IC diet (IC+C-Zn). Each treatment was provided in a 3-stage feeding program. Body weight and feed conversion were significantly (P 0.05) due to dietary treatments. Inclusion level and source of dietary Zn had a significant influence on broiler live and processing performance in this study.

PR_122: Postinjection Soreness in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Its Course, Associated Factors, and the Effect of Acetaminophen

Objectives: To demonstrate incidence, time course, and influencing factors of postinjection soreness and to assess the effect of acetaminophen to prevent postinjection soreness. Design: Randomized, double-blind study. Setting: Outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Participants: 29 patients (8 men, 21 women) with myofascial pain syndrome of the shoulder girdle muscles. Intervention: Trigger point injection with lidocaine. Main Outcome Measures: Visual analog scale (VAS), Disability of Shoulder, Arm and Hand (DASH), time of maximal soreness after injection, and time of pain improvement. Results: 17 (58.6%) patients experienced postinjection soreness. The mean onset of pain was 6 hours after the injection, which was most severe at 22 hours and started to improve at 47 hours after injection. The pain was more severe in women. In particular, women with chronic (>3mo) pain showed significantly more soreness. The presence of postinjection soreness did not make any differences in the improvement of VAS and DASH after 7 days. Stratified analysis by sex and onset of pain revealed no significant difference in the incidence and severity of postinjection soreness between acetaminophen and placebo medication. Conclusions: The incidence of soreness after trigger point injection was 58.6%. The soreness began at 6 hours after injection and reduced at 57 hours after injection. Significant associated factors were women and chronicity (>3mo) of the disease. Acetaminophen had no effect on relieving postinjection soreness.

Sore mouth in hospice in-patients: incidence and results of microbiological assessment

Sore mouth is a common symptom in cancer patients which impacts negatively on their quality of life. This audit was performed on consecutive admissions to an in-patient palliative care unit in Perth, Western Australia to assess the incidence of mouth soreness and the associated microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. Of patients, 24% (20/83) recorded a sore mouth. The most common organism isolated was Candida spp. (n = 8), followed by herpes simplex virus type I (HSV; n = 5), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Only one of the five patients with HSV had the classic 'cold sore' lesion with crusting and ulceration on the lip. The others had non-specific findings such as erythema (n = 3), coated tongue (n = 2) or dry mouth (n = 3). The results highlight a greater incidence of HSV than previously reported and suggest further work to be performed on the aetiology and treatment of sore mouth in hospice patients.

The incidence of pressure sores following lower limb amputations

AbstractIn a retrospective survey of lower limb amputations (diabetic major amputations n=34, minor n=33; non‐diabetic major 28, minor 27), pressure sores developed following 55% of major and 20% of minor amputations (p&lt;0.001). Sores developed after major amputations in 68% of diabetic but in only 39% of non‐diabetic patients (p=0.018). The incidence of sores after minor operations did not differ between the two groups. After major amputations sacral sores were more common in diabetic than in non‐diabetic patients (59 versus 36%, p=0.041), but the incidence of heel ulcers was similar. The mean age of patients developing sores was greater than in those who did not, in both diabetic (p&lt;0.025) and non‐diabetic patients (p&lt;0.01). Peripheral vascular disease appeared to be a more important risk factor than neuropathy for pressure sore development. Sores were no more common after epidural or spinal than after general anaesthesia. The Waterlow score was a poor predictor of the risk of developing a sore. The incidence of sores was not related to pre‐operative creatinine or albumin concentrations, but was greater in those whose haemoglobin concentration on the first or second post‐operative day was &lt;10 g/dL (p=0.015). In conclusion, pressure sores are very common following amputation and especially so after major amputations in diabetic patients. All potential amputees should be managed as being at high risk of developing sores. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Should weaker study designs ever be preferred over randomised controlled trials

Randomised controlled trials are typically cited as the ‘best’ form of study design to be used when comparing the efficacy or effectiveness of different devices such as pressure-redistributing beds and mattresses. This article presents a RCT that compared two forms of alternating pressure air mattress. No statistically significant differences were found between the incidence of sores upon the two mattresses. However the study was under-powered, and so was unlikely to identify differences in efficacy should they have existed. In discussion it is suggested that randomised controlled trials maybe less useful to those purchasing mattresses than `weaker' study designs that capture the experience of the users of such devices.

The limits of pressure sore prevention.

Pressure sore prevalence and incidence were assessed in 275 patients who were admitted to a well-staffed internal medicine ward during a 12-month study period or who were present on day 1. Pressure sore risk was assessed by use of the Braden scale and patients scoring 16 or less were provided with intensive preventive care. During the study period 5.1% (95% confidence interval 2.7-7.8) of 275 patients had pressure sores (prevalence) and 4.4% (1.9-6.9) developed sores (incidence). None of the 239 patients who were assessed as not being at risk developed a sore. 36 patients were assessed as being at risk at some time during the study and 12 of these developed sores despite receiving high-quality preventive care. The results suggest that not all pressure sores can be prevented in severely ill patients. We believe that the 4.4% incidence of sores in this study approaches the current limit of prevention.

Effect of Dietary Optimization on Growth, Survival, Tumor Incidences and Clinical Pathology Parameters in CD Sprague-Dawley and Fischer-344 Rats: A 104-Week Study

ABSTRACTControversy regarding the use of ad libitum feeding in chronic rodent toxicity studies will soon result in issue of a FDA Points to Consider document. Caloric intakes are now recognized to be important uncontrolled variables in bioassays because rodents chronically fed ad libitum become obese, reproductively senile and have increased incidences of age-related diseases, higher tumor burdens and decreased survival. The available literature suggests that ad libitum feeding neither optimizes the health and well-being of rodents nor provides the best model for use in evaluation of pharmacological and toxicological profiles. Use of an optimized diet, restricted in terms of caloric intakes, has been proposed for chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in rodents. It is suggested that limiting caloric intakes to 50-80% of ad libitum consumption would result in lower body weights, decreased tumor incidences and prolonged survival in the controls. To evaluate the influence of diet on chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in rats, two 104-week studies were conducted. These studies consisted of 280 CD Sprague-Dawley and 280 Fischer-344 rats fed ad libitum, and 140 CD Sprague-Dawley and 140 Fischer-344 rats fed a diet that was optimized by limiting caloric intakes by 15-35%. Both diets consisted of certified commercial diet in meal form. The optimized diet reduced weight gain approximately 50% after 100 weeks. Clinical chemistry and hematology parameters showed negligible effects of reduced diet, with the exception that serum triglycerides were lower in males and females in both strains at weeks 52 and 104. The ad libitum-fed animals had a higher incidence of pseudopregnancy, aggressiveness, foot sores and abscesses than the animals fed an optimized diet. These effects were more pronounced in the CD Sprague-Dawley rats than in the Fischer-344 rats. At the completion of the 104-week study, survival in the ad libitum fed CD Sprague-Dawley rats was approximately one-half that of the animals fed an optimized diet (39% versus 76%). The difference in survival between Fischer-344 rats fed ad libitum and those fed an optimized diet was less pronounced (78% versus 89%). A reduced incidence of palpable tissue masses in the ad libitum-fed CD Sprague-Dawley rats versus the animals fed an optimized diet reflected inability to detect small masses in the obese ad libitum-fed animals. In contrast, the leaner Fischer-344 ad libitum-fed animals had an increased incidence of palpable tissue masses. After 52 weeks, 40 animals from each strain and feeding regimen were killed and subjected to complete necropsy and histopathological examination; the remainder of the survivors was examined at the completion of the study (104 weeks). Use of an optimized diet substantially reduced the incidences of endocrine-mediated tumors in both rat strains and delayed the onset of leukemia in Fischer-344 rats. These results indicate the need to further investigate the relationship of increased caloric intakes and endocrine-mediated or strain specific tumors and support FDA's and others' positions that use of diet optimization in chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity rodent bioassays has the potential to remarkably improve the scientific quality and relevance of these studies. It also identified that the small increases in cost associated with diet optimization are far exceeded by the advantages of increased survival of animals, reduced intercurrent disease and rumor burdens, and increased ease of histopathological processing and evaluation.

Pressure Sore Prophylaxis in Elderly Patients Using Slab Foam or Customized Contoured Foam Wheelchair Cushions

In a modified sequential trial, we randomly assigned 288 elderly patients, who were assessed to be at high risk of pressure sores (Norton score ≤14), to use slab foam or customized contoured foam cushions in their wheelchairs for 3 months. A total of 359 sores developed in 169 (68%) of the 248 at-risk patients who completed the study. The sores were mostly of the persistent erythema level (57%) in severity and took an average of 28 days to heal. No significant differences were found in the overall incidence, severity, or healing time of the sores in the patients who developed sores and used the slab (n=85) or the contoured (n=84) cushions. Significantly more sores developed in the area of ischial tuberosities in the slab cushion group, and in the sacrococcygeal area of the contoured cushion group. Age and severe malnourishment were found to be associated with the incidence of sores but the number of hours seated daily and other patient characteristics were not related. We concluded that customized cushions should be offered only to those elderly patients who do not have a tendency to slide in the chair. Implications of the findings for prophylactic practice in extended care facilities are identified.

The effectiveness of a pressure clinic in preventing pressure sores.

The role of a pressure clinic in reducing the incidence of pressure sores is described. Interface pressures are routinely measured to ensure that appropriate cushioning is provided. In patients most at risk, thermography is also valuable to ensure that the blood flow to the skin is not compromised. The implementation of such a clinic has proved successful and has resulted in a reduction of over 50% both in the incidence of sores and in the admission rate due to sores, when compared with studies from other spinal units.

The Prevalence and Incidence of Lower Extremity Amputation in a Diabetic Population

To describe the incidence of lower extremity amputations and sores or ulcers and investigate risk factors for these complications. Cohort. Primary care. Population-based sample (N = 1210) of younger-onset diabetic persons (diagnosed before age 30 years and taking insulin) and a stratified random sample (N = 1780) of older-onset diabetic persons (diagnosed after age 30 years). Baseline and 4-year follow-up examinations were completed by 996 and 891 younger-onset persons, respectively, and by 1370 and 987 older-onset persons, respectively. Amputations and sores or ulcers of the lower extremities. Four-year incidence of amputations was 2.2% in both groups. Incidence of sores or ulcers was 9.5% in younger-onset and 10.5% in older-onset persons. In younger-onset persons, significant risk factors for amputation with odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) include age, 2.0 for 10 years (1.2 to 3.1), history of sores or ulcers, 10.5 (3.7 to 29.8), diastolic blood pressure, 2.1 for 10 mm Hg (1.3 to 3.5), and pack-years smoked, 1.3 for 10 years (1.0 to 1.6). Risk factors for sores or ulcers include glycosylated hemoglobin, 1.6 for 2% (1.3 to 2.0), retinopathy, 1.3 for two steps (1.1 to 1.6), and current smoking, 2.3 (1.0 to 5.6). In older-onset persons, risk factors for amputation are history of sores or ulcers, 4.6 (1.7 to 12.2), proteinuria, 4.3 (1.6 to 11.5), glycosylated hemoglobin, 1.5 for 2% (1.0 to 2.2), sex, 2.8 for males (1.0 to 7.5), and duration of diabetes, 1.8 for 10 years (1.0 to 3.2). For sores or ulcers, risk factors are glycosylated hemoglobin, 1.6 for 2% (1.3 to 2.0), duration, 1.5 for 10 years (1.0 to 2.1), proteinuria, 2.2 (1.1 to 4.3), and diastolic blood pressure, 0.8 for 10 mm Hg (0.6 to 1.0). Several factors offer potential for modification for the prevention of amputations but require further study. These include blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, and smoking.

VACCINATION AGAINST ORIENTAL SORE

In 1942 I reported the results of a systematic attempt to inoculate the inhabitants of a hyperendemic area against oriental sore.1The region comprised the settlements at the northern end of the Dead Sea, and most of the subjects were workers at the Palestine Potash Plant, situated in this area. The problem of oriental sore arose when some hundreds of workers and their families came to settle here, and since then the incidence of sores has steadily increased, so that now the region can be properly called hyperendemic. This sudden increase in morbidity in endemic districts is known; Hovnanian, of Aleppo, (1937)2and Shah, of Delhi, (1941)3have reported similar incidents. In the first 167 cases results were encouraging. It was my belief that it should be possible to sanitate an area by immunizing its inhabitants against the sore. The following factors