Incidence Of Occupational Contact Dermatitis Research Articles

Trends in occupational and work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK: findings from The Health and Occupation Research network 1996-2019.

Occupational exposure to metals such as nickel, chromium and cobalt can be associated with contact dermatitis, which can adversely affect an individual's health, finances and employment. Despite this, little is known about the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis over prolonged periods of time. To investigate the medically reported trends in the incidence of work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK. Incidence and trends in cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by nickel, chromium or cobalt between 1996 and 2019 (inclusive), reported to the EPIDERM surveillance scheme, were investigated and compared with trends in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to agents other than the aforementioned metals. A sensitivity analysis restricting the study cohort to cases attributed to only one type of metal was also conducted. Of all cases reported to EPIDERM during the study period, 2374 (12%) were attributed to nickel, chromium or cobalt. Cases predominantly comprised females (59%), with a mean (SD) age (males and females) of 38 (13) years. Cases were most frequently reported in manufacturing, construction, and human health and social activity industries. The most frequently reported occupations were hairdressing, and sales and retail (assistants, cashiers and checkout operators). The highest annual incidence rate of contact dermatitis was observed in females (2.60 per 100 000 persons employed per year), with the first and second peak seen in those aged 16-24 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to metals over the study period was observed for all occupations (annual average change -6.9%, 95% confidence interval -7.8 to -5.9), with much of the decrease occurring between 1996 and 2007. Similar findings were obtained in the sensitivity analyses. Over a period of 24 years, there has been a statistically significant decline in the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis in the UK. This could be attributed not only to improvements in working conditions, which have reduced metal exposure, but could also be due to the closure of industries in the UK that might have generated cases of contact dermatitis owing to metal exposure.

Factors Abssociated With Occupational Irritant Contact Dermatitis In Cleaning Service

Occupational contact dermatitis is one of the occupational diseases which often arises due to contact with materials in the work environment. Cleaning service (CS) is an example of a job exposed to daily irritants that can cause skin irritation. The study used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The population of CS throughout the University of Muhammadiyah Malang is 42 people with simple random sampling. The research data used a questionnaire from the Health and Safety Executive UK (HSE UK). The analytical technique used is the Fisher Exact and Kruskal Wallis test (alternative chi-square) in the bivariate test and logistic regression in the multivariate test. Bivariate analysis showed there was no specific relationship between the length of work (p= 0.178), duration of exposure (p= 0.068), and length of exposure (p= 1,000) in CS employees at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, while in multivariate analysis it was not influenced by the same effect, significance (sig wald duration of exposure 0.851 and length of work 0.070). The incidence of occupational contact dermatitis caused by irritants often occurs after exposure, so there is no conclusion on the length of work, duration of exposure, and length of exposure.

Use of Personal Protective Equipment and Length of Work as Risk Factors for Occupational Contact Dermatitis on the Hands of Woodworkers

Background: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is an inflammatory response caused by contact with allergens or irritants in the work environment, and this disease is most often found as an occupational disease. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a safety tool that must be used by workers to protect the body from possible potential hazards in the workplace. Construction workers, woodworkers, batik workers, and farmers can take preventive measures to avoid the occurrence of OCD. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the length of work and the use of PPE on the incidence of OCD on the hands of woodworkers in Serenan, Klaten.
 Methods: Cross-sectional analytic observational study. A total of 30 research subjects participated in this study. The research subjects were woodworkers in Serenan, Klaten, Indonesia. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was carried out with the help of the SPSS program.
 Results: The majority of research subjects with OCD have worked for more than 3 years and do not use PPE. Studies show that there is a relationship between the length of work and the use of PPE with the incidence of OCD.
 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the length of work and the use of PPE on the incidence of OCD on the hands of woodworkers in Serenan, Klaten, Indonesia.

Relationshiop of PPE Use, Years of Employment, and Personal Hygiene to Contact Dermatitis Symptoms

The incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in Indonesia is high. PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Gresik Factory is a company which produces various types of cement as a building material. Contact dermatitis is very prone to occur among cement factory workers due to contact of cement dust with the workers' skin. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The method of data collection was performed by observation and questionnaire completion. The number of respondents in this study is a total population of 30 worker units from the finish mill and packer. This study uses statistical tests with univariate and bivariate tests, namely the chi-square test. The results of this study indicate there are 20% of workers who experience symptoms of contact dermatitis, and there is a correlation between the use of PPE (p-value = 0.003), years of employment (p-value = 0.001), and personal hygiene (p-value = 0.002) with symptoms of contact dermatitis. To be able to reduce the risk of developing contact dermatitis symptoms, it is advised that workers increase awareness in the use of PPE according to standards, such as not rolling up the sleeves and using standard respirators. In addition, the workers with new category of years of employment are advised to recognize the locations of cement dust exposure and know how to prevent cement dust exposure. Workers are also advised to clean themselves directly after being exposed to cement dust after work and change into clean work clothes every day.

Incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in healthcare workers: a systematic review.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) can be considered at an increased risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) due to repetitive hand washing with soaps and disinfectants and extended use of gloves for many hours during the day. The aim of this study was to summarize the incidence of OCD in HCWs. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE (1980‐present), EMBASE (1980‐present) and Cochrane Library (1992‐present) through May 2020 using the search term ‘incidence of contact dermatitis in HCWs' according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, 16 studies (six cohorts; 10 register‐based) with follow‐up periods between 1987 and 2013 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of OCD reported in studies using registers of occupational diseases ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 per 10 000 person‐years. The cohort studies reported incidence from 15.9 to 780.0 per 10 000 person‐years; the incidence was higher in studies which included apprentice nurses. A higher incidence was also observed amongst dental practitioners, particularly dental technicians and nurses, compared to other HCWs. Studies reporting incidence data are very scarce and results differed by study design, type of contact dermatitis and investigated HCWs. Our study highlighted the dearth of high‐quality data on the incidence of OCD and the possible underestimation of disease burden. Prospective cohort studies with harmonized designs, especially exposure assessment and outcome ascertainment, are required to provide more accurate, valid and recent estimates of the incidence of OCD. A high incidence amongst specific occupational groups suggests the need to undertake intervention studies with a focus on prevention, particularly during pandemics such as COVID‐19.

Contact Dermatitis in Construction Workers in Northeastern Italian Patch Test Database Between 1996 and 2016.

Contact dermatitis in construction workers (CWs) is frequent due to the widespread exposure to sensitizing substances and irritating agents and the wet and cold working conditions. Our objectives were to evaluate contact dermatitis characteristics among CWs who underwent patch test in northeastern Italy and to identify related allergens. Seven hundred ninety-five CWs were studied and their data were compared to 2.099 male white-collar workers. The associations between patch test results and occupations were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Incidence data were calculated from 1996 to 2016. CWs with confirmed occupational dermatitis presented an increased risk to be sensitized to potassium dichromate [OR 3.1 (95%IC 2.0-4.8)], to thiurams [OR 8 .6 (95%IC 4.0-18.4)], and to epoxy resins [OR 12.7 (95%IC 6.1-26.4)]. Sensitization to chromate decreased significantly after 2004, following EU regulation of chromate content in concrete, while sensitization to epoxy resins and thiurams increased. The overall incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in CWs decreased significantly. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of EU regulations in reducing chromate sensitization in CWs and the overall incidence of occupational contact dermatitis. However, sensitization to other haptens is increasing, though improvement of protective measures is compulsory.

The Relationship of Working Period with the Incidence of Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Cleaning Service Workers at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

Occupational skin diseases are the third most common occupational diseases. The most common occupational skin diseases are contact dermatitis covering 90-95%. The majority of contact dermatitis occurs in the hands. This study aims to determine the relationship of working period with the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in cleaning service workers at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. This study is analytic method study which uses cross sectional design and uses questionnaire. Respondent were drawn using consecutive sampling. The study showed that 33,2% of cleaning service workers had contact dermatitis. The prevalence of contact dermatitis in women 75,8% and men 24,2%. The contact time for workers who come into contact chemical >2 hours is 100%. The use of PPE on cleaning service workers is 89,3%. Most ethnic group suffering from contact dermatitis are the 77,4% Batak people. The highest level cleaning service education is high school 59,4%. The results of the analysis with the chi square test of working life with the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis were (p=0,383). There is no significant relationship of working period with the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in cleaning service workers at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DERMATITIS KONTAK AKIBAT KERJA PADA PEKERJA PROYEK BANDARA

The incidence of contact dermatitis in Indonesia varies greatly and affects most workers. Epidemiological studied showed the incidence of Occupational Contact Dermatitis (OCD) was 0.5–1.9 cases/1000 workers/year. Aircarft Filling Depot Project at Juanda Airport is a construction project that is working on hydrant system and topping up development. This study was aimed at identifying risk factors of OCD among the project workers. A cross sectional design was used on 47 workers whom randomly selected during period May-June 2017. Data was collected using a questionnaire with the researcher’s guide. Occupational Contact Dermatitis is diagnosed by general practitioner that located in Naval Hospital (RUMKITAL) dr. Soekantyo Jahja Surabaya. Occupational contact dermatitis risk factors were analyzed using Chi-square test, followed by multiple logistic regression test. Of 47 workers, 21 (43.8%) experienced OCD. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), duration of contact, personal hygiene, and history of skin diseases were associated with OCD (p < 0.01), whereas the type of work was not related to OCD (p = 0.491). The most dominant factor causing OCD was personal hygiene (OR = 9.659), followed by duration of contact (OR = 8.576), and history of skin disease (OR = 3.420). In conclusion, factors of use of PPE, length of contact, personal hygiene, and history of skin relationship with DKAK, while the type of work is not related to DKAKKeywords: aircraft filling depots project, occupational contact dermatitis, risk factor

Occupational dermatitis in hairdressers: do they claim workers' compensation?

Hairdressers are one of the largest occupational groups attending our Occupational Dermatology Clinic. However, few seek workers' compensation for their occupational dermatitis. To retrospectively analyse and compare workers' compensation claims data and diagnosed disease data for occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers from 1993 to 2009, for the state of Victoria, Australia. Data from the Occupational Dermatology Clinic database, the Compensation Research Database and the Australian Bureau of Statistics were used in this study. The clinic database identified 157 hairdressers and apprentices with a confirmed diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis assessed between 1993 and 2009. Forty-six unique claims for occupational contact dermatitis from 46 individuals were identified from the Compensation Research Database over the same time period. Hairdressers in the 15-24-year age group were significantly over-represented in the claims data relative to the diagnosed disease data (p < 0.01). The median cost per claim was AU$1421, and the median time off work per claim was 20 days. Increased efforts are needed to reduce the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers in Australia, and to ensure that hairdressers with occupational contact dermatitis are aware of their compensation entitlements. Reliance on workers' compensation data for disease surveillance may lead occupational health and safety regulators to underestimate the magnitude of the problem of occupational contact dermatitis in the hairdressing profession.

Notification of occupational skin diseases by dermatologists in The Netherlands

A voluntary surveillance scheme of occupational skin diseases (OSDs) in The Netherlands starting in 2001 aimed to improve insight in the incidence of OSD especially occupational contact dermatitis (OCD), risk professions and causal agents. This paper presents the results of this scheme during 2001-05. Reports of new cases of OSD received from the participating dermatologists on a monthly basis were analysed. Data evaluated included information on diagnosis, sex, age, sickness, absenteeism, profession and causal agents. Relative differences in incidence rates between industries or branches were estimated by calculating incidence rate ratios. About 80% of the notifications concerned OCD. The highest number of notifications was recorded in the first year of the scheme. This was probably due to reporting of a mixture of incident and prevalent cases. During the following 5 years, the number of yearly notifications of OSD declined. Hairdressers, nurses, metalworkers, mechanics and cleaners were the most commonly affected professions. Wet work and irritating substances were the most frequently reported causal agents. Most patients with OCD were not absent from work. A voluntary surveillance scheme with dermatologists provides valuable data about the distribution of OCD in risk professions and the causal agents. However, it has certain limitations in assessing trends in incidence. Active medical surveillance in populations at risk should be encouraged not only to improve secondary prevention but also to obtain more reliable information about the incidence of OCD.

Surveillance of occupational skin disease: EPIDERM and OPRA.

Consultant dermatologists in the U.K. have been reporting to EPIDERM, a voluntary surveillance scheme for occupational skin disease, since February 1993; reporting by occupational physicians to the scheme began in May 1994 and was superseded in January 1996 by OPRA (Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity). Currently 244 dermatologists and 790 occupational physicians report incident cases to these schemes. During the 6 years to January 1999 a total of 12, 574 new cases of occupational skin disease was estimated from reports by consultant dermatologists and 10,136 cases estimated from occupational physicians (since May 1994). The annual incidence of occupational contact dermatitis using data from both schemes was 12. 9 per 100,000 workers. The incidence of contact dermatitis per 100, 000 workers increased with age in men from 4.9 (age 16-29 years) to 6.6 (age 45-60 years); in women a higher rate (9.5) was apparent in the younger age group, with lower rates in older female workers. High rates in young workers were associated with wet work and in older workers with exposure to oils. For men, high rates of contact dermatitis were seen in reports from both schemes for chemical operatives, machine tool setters and operatives, coach and spray painters and metal workers. For women, high rates were found for hairdressers, biological scientists and laboratory workers, nurses and those working in catering. The most frequent agents for contact dermatitis were rubber chemicals and materials (14.1% of cases reported by dermatologists), soaps and cleaners (12.7%), nickel (11. 9%), wet work (11.1%), personal protective equipment (6.2%), petroleum products (6.3%), cutting oils and coolants (5.6%), and epoxy and other resins (6.1%). In the 1608 estimated cases of skin cancer all but 4% were attributed to ultraviolet radiation. Cases of contact urticaria attributed to latex peaked in 1996, with a decline in cases since that time.

Occupational contact dermatitis in the UK: a surveillance report from EPIDERM and OPRA.

Since February 1993 the EPIDERM surveillance scheme has collected data on occupational skin disease from consultant dermatologists in the UK. Reporting by occupational physicians to the scheme began in May 1994 and was superseded in January 1996 by the Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity (OPRA). The schemes currently receive reports on incident cases from 244 dermatologists and 790 occupational physicians. An estimated total of 9937 cases of contact dermatitis reported by dermatologists was calculated from surveillance data; 8129 contact dermatitis cases were estimated from reports by occupational physicians. The annual incidence of occupational contact dermatitis from dermatologist reports was 6.4 cases per 100,000 workers and 6.5 per 100,000 from reports by occupational physicians, an overall rate of 12.9 cases per 100,000 workers. Manufacturing industries account for the greatest number of cases seen by both sets of reporting physicians, with health care employment second. Reports from dermatologists also indicate high rates of dermatitis in the personal service industries (mainly hairdressers and barbers) and in agriculture. With the exception of an increase in cases seen in nurses in both schemes, the numbers and proportions of cases of contact dermatitis within occupations have remained fairly constant over the 6-year reporting period. Agents accounting for the highest number of allergic contact dermatitis cases were rubber (23.4% of allergic cases reported by dermatologists), nickel (18.2), epoxies and other resins (15.6), aromatic amines (8.6), chromium and chromates (8.1), fragrances and cosmetics (8.0), and preservatives (7.3). Soaps (22.0% of cases), wet work (19.8), petroleum products (8.7), solvents (8.0), and cutting oils and coolants (7.8) were the most frequently cited agents in cases of irritant dermatitis. The national scope of the data, together with the parallel structure by which both dermatologists and occupational physicians report incident cases, is useful in determining the extent of skin hazards in UK industry and may help in better targeting efforts to reduce the burden of skin disease at work.