Incentive Measures Research Articles

О МЕРАХ ПООЩРЕНИЯ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ

Introduction: the article attempts to analyze the measures used to encourage municipalities as a necessary condition for the effective functioning of local self-government. The non-material (motivating factor) and material measures of encouragement of municipalities aimed at their sustainable development are investigated. Materials and Methods: the author considers a set of norms of Constitutional, Administrative and Budgetary Law that form public incentive legal relations, presents scientific and theoretical positions of scientists and judicial practice on these issues; general scientific methods were used, as well as special ones: structural-functional, formal-legal were used. Results: the analysis of scientific literature and legislation regulating public-award relations allowed us to identify two groups of incentive measures: material and non-material. Non–material incentive measures are measures based on the recognition of the merits of a local community acting on the basis of a collective consciousness formed by the common interests and values of the population of a particular territory. The main forms of non-material incentives are awards and honorary titles, both at the federal and regional levels. Material incentives for municipalities are funds received by the local budget through inter–budgetary transfers from the federal budget or the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Discussion and Conclusions: the lack of legislation in a significant part of the subjects of the Russian Federation that would provide for awarding municipalities was negatively assessed, since the local community should receive a positive assessment of its merits. The State's award policy and relevant regulatory legal acts should provide for the awarding of municipalities with state awards and honorary titles. It is proposed to introduce the concept of a budget grant provided to a municipality. Keywords: Constitution of the Russian Federation; public authority; local self-government; encouragement; incentive measures; motivation

Willingness to perform environmentally friendly practices in rural areas: evidence from environmental regulation in agriculture

BackgroundEnvironmental problems arising from agriculture and rural living have drawn increasing scholarly attention worldwide. The transition from traditional, resource-intensive farming and rural practices to more ecologically responsible modes of production and household behaviors has become a critical challenge.MethodsPromoting the transformation of farmers' green production methods and lifestyles is of great significance to the greening of China's rural areas, which determines the importance of analyzing the underlying logic behind farmers' willingness to perform environmentally friendly practices (FWPEPs). Against this backdrop, an empirical study was carried out using the probit model, based on the analysis framework of digitization and farmers' data from the China Land Economic Survey from 2021 to 2022.ResultsThe findings revealed that farmers' willingness to perform environmentally friendly practices can be attributed to both constrained environmental regulation–through mandatory laws and regulations–and incentive-based environmental regulation involving economic subsidies and other incentive measures. The positive effect of environmental regulation on FWPEPs varies according to gender and education level.ConclusionsDigitization plays an important regulatory role by enhancing farmers' environmental awareness and rule perception and encouraging them to adopt more environmentally friendly production methods and lifestyles. These insights enable policymakers to design targeted, environmentally friendly, and sustainable mitigation strategies by synergizing regulatory precision with digital empowerment.

A Progressive Policy Evaluation Framework for Construction Digitalization in China: Evidence from Wuhan

Global digitalization drives policy-led transformation in the construction industry, yet its effectiveness hinges on localized implementation. However, research on China’s regional digital policies remains insufficient, particularly in systematic evaluation mechanisms. Focusing on Wuhan, this study proposes a progressive “3M” (macro–meso–micro) policy evaluation framework to analyze local policy efficacy under national strategies. Macro-level PESTEL analysis identifies weak legal frameworks as a critical gap. Meso-level PMC index modeling establishes a hierarchical optimization pathway prioritizing incentive measures, followed by policy timeliness, assessment mechanisms, policy focus, and policy nature. Micro-level Spearman’s correlation analysis further pinpoints five implementation drivers: pilot projects, long-term planning, detailed measures, talent cultivation, and regulatory reinforcement. The results indicate that Wuhan’s policies require targeted improvements: (1) synergizing pilot innovation with legal safeguards, (2) integrating green principles into long-term planning, (3) refining technical standards and policy alignment, (4) enhancing multidisciplinary talent development through industry–academia collaboration, and (5) establishing IoT-enabled dynamic monitoring platforms. This hierarchical evaluation system provides empirical evidence for optimizing China’s construction policies while offering a transferable governance framework for global cities navigating digital transitions. Future research should extend the temporal and spatial coverage while incorporating adaptive evaluation tools to address policy dynamism.

Making Sustained Green Innovation in Firms Happen: The Role of CEO Openness

Sustained green innovation in firms is a crucial driver of sustainable economic development. Chief executive officer (CEO) openness, as a key personality trait related to leadership effectiveness, has an important but largely overlooked impact on sustained green innovation. This study aims to explore the impact of CEO openness on sustained green innovation and its boundary conditions. Using data from Chinese A-share-listed firms between 2011 and 2023, we find that CEO openness has a significant positive impact on sustained green innovation in firms. The moderating effects reveal that both digitalization level and CEO shareholding strengthen the positive effect of CEO openness on sustained green innovation. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that this positive effect is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, firms in non-heavily polluting industries, and those with high analyst coverage. These findings provide theoretical support for understanding the determinants of sustained green innovation through the lens of CEO personality. They also enrich the growing literature on the impact of CEO openness on corporate decision-making. Furthermore, this study recommends that firms prioritize CEO openness in selection, enhance digital infrastructure, and improve equity incentive measures to ultimately foster sustained green innovation.

Optimization of Microgrid Operation Strategies Based on Carbon Asset Graph Data

Abstract This study aims to minimize operational costs and carbon emission by systematically considering load constraints, charging and discharging constraints of energy storage equipment and carbon quota limitations. A dual layer optimization model for microgrid carbon asset operation and economic benefits is formulated. Considering carbon asset operation into outer planning model, the operation strategy for microgrid is optimized by utilizing an improved Grey Wolf algorithm. The inner demand response model improves users’ electricity consumption behavior through incentive measures. Then, the optimized load curve improves the utilization rate of new energy and it is input to the outer model. Interactive iterations between the inner and outer dual layer models are conducted until the optimal configuration and load curve of each device are reached.

Material Incentives for the Labor of Employees of Defense Enterprises of the Urals During the Great Patriotic War

Introduction. Motivation of workers to productive labor is an important component of the economic policy of any state. In modern conditions of escalating international tensions and economic instability, the study of the historical experience of the Great Patriotic War makes it possible to identify effective levers of military modernization. The historiographical analysis allowed us to conclude that the topic of material incentives for the labor of workers of defense enterprises of the Ural home front in the period 1941–1945 has not been the subject of a special study. Methods and materials. The source base of the work is represented by the documents of the central and regional archives of the Russian Federation, most of which were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Theoretical concepts of mobilization economy and labor motivation were used as methodological approaches. Analysis. In the article, in relation to the period of 1941–1945, the rewards for labor, carried out in cash and in kind, as well as ways of motivation of labor, based on restrictive measures of material order, are considered. The dynamics of changes in the system of measures of material incentives for labor of workers of industrial enterprises during the war towards the growth of the share of material incentives are shown. The study reveals the problems and shortcomings that took place in the implementation of the system of material incentives for shock labor at defense enterprises in the Urals. Results. It is concluded that material incentives were mainly aimed at supporting highly qualified employees of the main production shops at defense enterprises who exceeded the plan.

Incentive measures applied to civil servants: legislative regulation in Eastern European States

The article is devoted to the study of legislative regulation of incentive measures applied to civil servants in the countries of Eastern Europe. A comparative analysis is conducted of legislative approaches to the legal regulation of incentives for civil servants in Bulgaria, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. The relevance of the research is determined by the ongoing reform of the civil service in Ukraine, aimed at enhancing its efficiency and professionalism, as well as the country’s European integration aspirations, which necessitates the study of the experience of European countries in this area. The study reveals a variety of approaches to the classification and types of incentives. Bulgaria’s legislation is limited to non-material forms of incentives (such as achievement certificates, badges of honour). In contrast, Romania and Poland prioritize material incentives (such as monetary bonuses and awards). A combined approach, incorporating both material and non-material incentives, is observed in the Czech Republic and Moldova. The legislation of Hungary and Slovakia is characterized by more general regulation: the sectoral laws of these countries merely declare the possibility of applying incentives without specifying their types or procedures for implementation. The study concludes that there is no unified approach to the legislative regulation of civil service incentives across Eastern European states. Differences are observed in terminology, classification of incentive types, and the role of material and non-material forms of incentives. In some countries, incentive measures are regulated in detail, while in others, the relevant provisions are of a general nature or not enshrined at all at the level of specialized state (civil, public) service laws. The article emphasizes the importance of taking into account the experience of Eastern European countries in the process of improving Ukraine’s legislation in the field of civil service, particularly with regard to incentives. An analysis of these approaches may contribute to the development of a more effective incentive system that reflects the specific characteristics of civil service in Ukraine.

The National Standard for Assessing the Business Reputation of Business Entities Based on the ECG Rating of Responsible Business and the Direction of its Development

The subject of the research is the business reputation of business entities in relation to the goals of sustainable development. The objectives of the work are to substantiate the selection of key indicators reflecting the level of business reputation and to identify the most effective measures to encourage enterprises to participate in achieving the national development goals of the Russian Federation. The result of the research was the development of a methodology for assessing and forming an ECG rating of responsible business, on the basis of which a national standard was approved regulating the universal assessment of the business reputation of business entities, regardless of their industry affiliation. As an alternative to the ratings based on the Western ESG concept, a sovereign rating is proposed based on public financial data accumulated in government information systems and non-financial reporting by enterprises. The choice of indicators for its calculation in the areas of “Ecology”, “Personnel” and “State” is justified, taking into account the interrelationships between the indicators of the development of economic entities individually and the economy of the country as a whole, the current problems of sustainable development of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that in order to involve enterprises in activities aimed at achieving national development goals, it is necessary to take effective economic incentive measures. In this regard, the most demanded measures of state support for enterprises with high values of the business reputation index have been identified.

Taxes and Subsidies on Agricultural Producers as Elements of Intersectoral Transfer of Resources: Magnitude of the Transfer and Search for Policy Options

Public policies in many diverse fields have implications for the transfer of resources between sectors. Administered agricultural prices, taxes, subsidies, an overvalued currency and protection provided to producers are examples of some of the policies that have been used by many governments in mobilizing resources for development. From the vantage point of assessing the past performance and development prospects of the agricultural sector, it is useful to have an idea about the direction and extent of the resource transfer from this sector. The knowledge of the policy instruments used to bring about the transfer is also important. While the size of the transfer is a measure of the overall incentives being provided, the tools used for the transfer have unique implications for efficiency, equity and growth outcomes. The purpose of the paper is confined to: (i) an estimation of the magnitude of the transfer for the period 1972-73 to 1986-87; and (ii) identification, in broad terms, of the direction that the restructured public policies may take.

Government regulation or market mechanism? A study on the collaborative innovation pathways of the emergency industry based on evolutionary game models.

Promoting collaborative innovation within the emergency industry has become a crucial task, which is of great significance for enhancing emergency response capabilities and ensuring public safety. On the basis of considering the economic attributes of the emergency industry and the uncertainty characteristics of market returns, this study constructs an evolutionary game model for collaborative innovation among emergency enterprises, universities and research institutions (UR), and government departments, which are the main entities considered. It analyzes the evolutionary process of the strategy choices and equilibrium states of different entities, thereby revealing the key factors and intrinsic mechanisms affecting collaborative innovation pathways. The study results indicate that the economic attributes of the emergency industry and the uncertainty of market returns are key factors that constrain the collaborative innovation and development of the emergency industry. The economic attributes of the emergency industry determine the applicable boundaries of government regulation and market mechanisms in the collaborative innovation process of the emergency industry. Due to the "marketization paradox" in the emergency industry with weak economic attributes, and the fact that emergency enterprises and UR are more likely to face the "prisoner's dilemma" in the process of collaborative innovation, collaborative innovation via the government regulation-driven pathway is more feasible; In contrast, for the emergency industry with strong economic attributes, the government can effectively strengthen the market-oriented profit mechanism by enhancing public safety emergency awareness, thereby promoting collaborative innovation driven by market mechanisms in the emergency industry. Based on the analysis of the effects of different regulatory measures, it is found that government procurement is more effective than R&D subsidy policy. R&D subsidies are not only ineffective in avoiding the "prisoner's dilemma" in the collaborative innovation process, but also have a "double-edged sword" effect. Excessive subsidy intensity can actually inhibit the enthusiasm of emergency enterprises and UR for collaborative innovation. When government departments adopt regulatory actions, focusing on balancing incentive and punitive measures, and emergency enterprises and UR focus on establishing a reasonable benefit distribution mechanism, which can more effectively improve the efficiency of collaborative innovation and form a good situation of win-win for all parties. The above findings provide certain decision-making references for the promotion of innovative development in the emergency industry.

Проблеми стимулювання збуту насіння гарбузів

Several scientific papers and research on the problem of sales promotion, particularly pumpkin seeds, have been conducted, making it possible to determine one’s vision of this problem. The purpose. Highlighting the features of the theoretical and practical principles of the formation and development of a system of incentive measures to accelerate the process of buying and selling goods and services in the markets of Ukraine, identifying specifics and trends of its functioning, development of practical recommendations and effective marketing solutions in overcoming contradictions / finding a compromise in the interaction of economic entities and optimal allocation of resources. Results. The system of sales promotion tools in companies of European countries, which will facilitate the marketing activities of Ukrainian enterprises in the pumpkin seed market, is considered. The reasons for the rapid development of the sales promotion sphere are identified. The need to consider the purpose of the promotion, the intensity of competition, and the effectiveness of the invested means of stimulating consumers and trade is emphasized. Originality. Several scientific papers and our research on the problem of sales promotion, particularly pumpkin seeds, have been processed, making it possible to determine our vision of this problem. Growing competition in the domestic market encourages entrepreneurs to improve already used marketing elements and to search for new, practical methods, which in turn leads to a change in the marketing structure of enterprises. Sales promotion is not considered a universal means of increasing sales, like advertising, since its use is episodic or represents the final component of the same advertising. Conclusions. The main task of sales promotion is to establish sales-oriented goals by encouraging buyers to use the product for the first time, accelerating the process of buying and selling goods and services, or maintaining its use on an already established basis. The main goal of sales promotion activities is to motivate your sales staff, sales representatives, and buyers to act, initiating a series of actions that will result in long-term purchasing activity. Keywords: promotion, sales, client, marketing activity, producer, consumer, market, pumpkin seeds.

Improvement of international technology transfer rules in the european union through the prism of sustainable development policy

The object of this study is the compliance of existing regulatory approaches to technology identification with the purpose of the EU sustainable development policy. It has been established that the effectiveness of the European Union's sustainable development policy directly depends on the number of previously implemented technologies. It has been proven that such a dependence is both organizational and economic in nature. It has been determined that existing approaches to technology identification are not unified with the requirements of sustainable development policy. It has been proven that existing regulatory structures for defining technology do not contain restrictive means and therefore cannot be used within the framework of the European Union's sustainable development policy. The feasibility of introducing a special type of key technologies into EU regulations that can be used as a restrictive means to achieve sustainable development goals has been substantiated. A definition of key technology has been formed as one that is capable of contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals in the EU. It has been proposed to give priority to key technologies for use and apply support and incentive measures to them. Proposals have been formulated to amend the provisions of such international treaties and agreements as the TRIPS Agreement, WIPO recommendations, UNCTAD recommendations, and the Horizon Europe Framework Program. The study is aimed at forming general theoretical principles for improving the essence of the methods for identifying technology transfer for the purposes of sustainable development. The practical significance of the study results is that the results could be used in the formation of international regulatory acts, recommendations of international institutions, acts of national legislation, and serve as the basis for further scientific research on these issues

К ВОПРОСУ О СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИИ ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ СОТРУДНИКОВ ОРГАНОВ ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ

The article examines such a category as "disciplinary practice", as well as its importance in ensuring legality and discipline in the official activities of internal affairs bodies, stating that this practice is an integral part of the service. Attention is drawn to the components of disciplinary practice that are in dialectical unity with each other. The article focuses on promising aspects in the formation of disciplinary practice in the field of internal affairs, as well as on the need to improve the components of disciplinary practice, namely, the procedure for applying both disciplinary penalties and incentive measures to employees of internal affairs bodies.

Quantitative Research on China’s PV Industry Policy based on PMC-index Model

Quantitative Research on China’s PV Industry Policy based on PMC-index Model

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТВЕРДЫМИ БЫТОВЫМИ ОТХОДАМИ В АЛМАТЫ С УЧЕТОМ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ОПЫТА

The growth of urbanization and the increase in the volume of solid household waste (MSW) in Almaty require the introduction of an effective waste management system consistent with the principles of sustainable development. This study is aimed at analyzing the foreign experience of solid waste disposal (South Korea, Japan, Great Britain), identifying successful practices and adapting them to the conditions of Almaty. The methodology includes comparative analysis, assessment of economic, environmental and social factors, as well as modeling of a possible waste management system. The study identified key elements of effective waste recycling and disposal strategies, such as digitalization, separate collection, incentive measures, and public-private partnerships. The result of the work is the development of an optimal MSW management model for Almaty, taking into account local conditions, which includes legislative regulation mechanisms, technological innovations and public awareness raising. The implementation of the proposed system will reduce the burden on the environment and increase the efficiency of waste disposal within the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG No. 12).

Addressing pre-harvesting sugarcane burning in Thailand: A quasi-experimental study of monetary incentive.

Addressing pre-harvesting sugarcane burning in Thailand: A quasi-experimental study of monetary incentive.

Local government behavior and green technology innovation under ecological goals incentives.

Local government behavior and green technology innovation under ecological goals incentives.

Improvement Strategies for Discipline Policy Tools Based on Enhancing Teachers' Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy exerts a profound influence on teachers' teaching, research endeavors, and professional development. Policy tools serve as critical guides for shaping teachers' disciplinary behaviors, thereby rendering discipline policy a pivotal factor affecting teachers' self-efficacy. Following the enforcement of the "Double First-Class" initiative in recent years, universities have witnessed both commendable outcomes and areas for enhancement in their policy implementations. Determining the optimal direction for discipline policy refinement has emerged as a matter of considerable importance. By constructing a two-dimensional analytical framework encompassing "disciplinary construction themes and policy tools," we can dissect the structure of policy tools within the policy documents for regional first-class disciplinary construction. This analysis aids in identifying the distribution patterns of policy tools and potential adverse impacts that could undermine teachers' self-efficacy. An unreasonable allocation of discipline policy tools may give rise to issues such as a uniform evaluation system, unequal resource distribution, and decreased teacher engagement. These consequences negatively affect teachers' self-efficacy, impeding the attainment of disciplinary development objectives and governance effectiveness. Addressing the imbalance between policy tool supply and demand necessitates policy optimization. Hence, there is a pressing need to further refine discipline policies and optimize the structure of policy tools across dimensions such as refining the evaluation mechanism, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering teacher participation. Introducing corresponding authoritative tools, capacity-building tools, or incentive measures within disciplinary construction themes lacking sufficient policy tools holds immense significance for bolstering teachers' self-efficacy and advancing high-quality development in higher education.

Влияние потребления рыбной продукции на продовольственную безопасность: основные факторы и роль эксклавного региона

Currently, the issue of ensuring food security in the Russian Federation is being updated. Historically, the fisheries sector has been the backbone of the state in this area, thereby forming a direct dependence of food security on the consumption of aquatic biological resources. Today, the low level of consumption of fish products in the country, especially against the background of rising prices, requires a comprehensive analysis and development of effective incentive measures. The main factors influencing the consumption of fish products for the period 2017-2022 in Russia as a whole and in the exclave region of the country, the Kaliningrad region, are analyzed. A close correlation has been revealed between the increase in consumer prices and a decrease in consumption, especially in the exclave region, despite the developed fishing and economic complex. According to the results of the study, the share of the Kaliningrad region in the total catch and production of fish products in Russia is decreasing, which is due to both the foreign policy situation and internal economic factors. The analysis of the consumption structure revealed the dominance of fresh and frozen products in the diet of the population. To increase the consumption of fish products, a comprehensive impact on the situation is necessary. It is proposed to regulate prices for the most popular types of fish products, in particular by influencing the cost of circulation and pricing of fishery raw materials. The role of active social promotion and popularization of fish products is noted, and the health benefits of fish products are emphasized. The combination of these measures can ensure both an increase in product consumption and the sustainable development of the fisheries sector.

Пределы роста: факторы рекордной золотодобычи 1974 г. на Северо-Востоке СССР

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms behind achieving record-high gold production in the North-East of the USSR in 1974 and its long-term consequences for industry development. Based on archival documents, for the first time, the author comprehensively researches the process of implementing the decision to produce 2 % above-plan gold, made in the course of the USSR Council of Ministers Chairman A. N. Kosygin's visit to Magadan Oblast in March 1974. The study analyzes the Communist party-driven economic management system created to achieve the high record indicators, which included unprecedented control and incentive measures. Special attention is paid to the personnel and management issues: the decreasing qualified processing staff and the contradictions between production and geological exploration organizations. The negative consequences of forced production are examined, including resource base depletion, increased production costs, and technological lag. The study shows that the high record indicators of 1974 were achieved through mobilization of all available resources and intensive exploitation of rich deposits; however, this resulted in the subsequent prolonged decline in the industry. The events of 1974 demonstrate systemic problems of the Soviet economy: contradictions between short-term political goals and sustainable development objectives, inefficiency of centralized management in crisis situations, and inability to provide comprehensive solutions to technological and personnel problems.