In The BIPM.RI Research Articles

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cr-51 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 51Cr to include the 2012 result of the KRISS (Rep. of Korea), the 2022 result of the POLATOM (Poland), and to link the 2022 EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Cr-51 comparison

Main textTwo new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cr-51 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Cr-51 comparison piloted by the POLATOM in 2022, who sent an ampoule from the EURAMET comparison to the International Reference System (SIR). The LNE-LNHB (France) used the EURAMET comparison to update its degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the latest results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cr-51, and the linked EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Cr-51. A graphical presentation is also given.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 131I to include the 2015 results of the BEV (Austria) and the POLATOM (Poland), the 2017 result of the NMISA (South Africa), and to link the CCRI(II)-S6.I-131 comparison

Main textThree new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the CCRI(II)-S6.I-131 comparison piloted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2006, based on the participation of CMI-IIR in both comparisons. One NMI used the S6 comparison to update its degree of equivalence. The results of two NMIs in the CCRI(II)-S6.I-131 comparison were superseded by a more recent APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparison. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the latest results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131, and the linked CCRI(II)-S6.I-131, APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 and EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparisons. A graphical presentation is also given.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-57 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 57Co to include the 2013 result of the POLATOM (Poland), the 2015 result of the NMISA (South Africa), the 2021 result of the CMI (Czech Republic), and to link the CCRI(II)-S6.Co-57 comparison

Main textThree new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-57 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the CCRI(II)-S6.Co-57 comparison piloted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2008 for which one sample of the 57Co radioactive solution was sent to the SIR. Two NMIs used the S6 comparison to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the remaining seven NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-57 comparison and the three eligible participants in the CCRI(II)-S6.Co-57 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 54Mn to include the 2017 result of the PTB (Germany) and the linked results from the CCRI(II)-K2.Mn-54 comparison

This report concerns an updated submission of a 54Mn standard by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) to the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54 comparison. The result has been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the CCRI(II)-K2.Mn-54 comparison held in 2003 by measurement of the K2 54Mn solution in the International Reference System (SIR). The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the KCRV have been calculated for the remaining six NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54 comparison and the fourteen other participants in the CCRI(II)-K2.Mn-54 comparison. A graphical presentation is included.Main textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ge-68 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 68Ge for the LNMRI/IRD, NIST, NIM, IRA-METAS, LNE-LNHB and the TAEK, and the linked 2015 CCRI(II)-K2.Ge-68 comparison

This report summarises the results for the new BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ge-68 comparison. Six metrology institutes have participated, enabling the first value of the key comparison reference value(KCRV) to be determined. The KCRV was calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean and the results. A link has been made to the CCRI(II)-K2.Ge-68 comparison held in 2015 through the NIST, NIM,IRA-METAS and the LNE-LNHB who participated in both comparisons. One NMI used the K2 comparison to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the remaining five NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ge-68 comparison and the 12 other participants in the CCRI(II)-K2.Ge-68 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given.Main textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 59Fe for the PTB (Germany), LNE-LNHB (France) and the NMIJ (Japan), and the linked APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison

Three new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison held in 2014 through the NMIJ who participated in both comparisons. Five NMIs used the K1 or K2 comparison to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the remaining five NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 comparison and the eight other participants in the APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given.Main textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Primary standardisation of technetium-99m by liquid scintillation coincidence counting

Technetium-99m was standardised by the 4π(LS)ce-γ coincidence extrapolation method. Sensitivity of the 4π(LS) channel to two types of radiation, namely conversion electrons and γ-rays, resulted in incorrect activity values being obtained when this was not adequately accounted for. Measurements were more robust when the LS detection efficiency was optimised, and when a γ-window setting was used that monitored the combined LS efficiency for conversion electrons and γ-rays. The primary standard was internationally compared through participation in the BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Tc99m key comparison.

Activity standardization of 99mTc using liquid scintillation counting method

The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) participated in the BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Tc-99 m comparison of activity measurements of 99mTc. We develop the national primary standard for 99mTc solution used during the comparison. We use two primary liquid scintillation counting techniques for the standardization: digital coincidence counting with the 4πβ(LS)-γ(NaI(T1))system and triple-to-double coincidence ratio counting. Both methods give consistent results for the specific activity of a 99mTc solution. Adopting the result from the DCC method as the reference value of the 99mTc measurement, we evaluate the standard uncertainty of 0.856% for the KRISS primary standard of the 99mTc activity. The K4 comparison result shows that the newly-established KRISS primary standard lies within the standard uncertainty with the key comparison reference value defined from other 99mTc measurements.

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Zn-65 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 65Zn for the BARC (India) with linked results for the CCRI(II)-K2.Zn-65 comparison

A new participation in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Zn-65 comparison has been added to the previous results. A link has been made to the CCRI(II)-K2.Zn-65 comparison held in 2003 through the measurement of all ampoules of the K2 comparison in the International Reference System (SIR) at the BIPM before dispatch to the participants. This has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. Six NMIs used the K2 comparison to update their degrees of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the remaining two NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Zn-65 comparison and the 17 other participants in the CCRI(II)-K2.Zn-65 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Participation of the NPL in 2008 in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-56 comparisonof activity measurements of the radionuclide 56Mn

In 2008, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) submitted one sample of known activity of 56Mn to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-56. The value of the activity submitted was about 290 kBq. There is now one result in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-56 comparison. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been evaluated for the first time using the NPL result and a BIPM result dating November 1978. The degree of equivalence between the NPL equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the KCRV has been calculated and is reported.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Eu-152 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 152Eu for the VNIIM (Russia), the LNE–LNHB (France) and the CNEA (Argentina), with linked results for the COOMET.RI(II)-K2.Eu-152 comparison

Three new participants in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Eu-152 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the COOMET.RI(II)-K2.Eu-152 comparison held in 2010 through the VNIIM who participated in both comparisons. Three National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) used the K1 or K2 comparisons to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for four NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Eu-152 comparison, three participants in the COOMET.RI(II)-K2.Eu-152 comparison and the 18 other participants in the previous CCRI(II)-K2.Eu-152 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 131I for the NMIJ (Japan), the NIST (USA) and the LNE-LNHB (France), with linked results for the APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparison

Three new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparison held in 2009 through the NMIJ who participated in both comparisons. Three national metrology institutes (NMIs) used the Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) comparison to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for twelve NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 comparison and five other participants in the APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Final report on COOMET.RI(II)-K2.Eu-152: Measurement of activity concentration of radionuclide Eu-152 in a solution (COOMET project no 423/RU/08)

The COOMET.RI(II)-K2.Eu-152 comparison of measurements of a standardized solution of Eu-152 has enabled the demonstration of the traceability to the SI of the national measurement standards of three national metrology institutes of the COOMET countries: BelGIM, CENTIS-DMR and SMU. The pilot laboratory is the D I Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), which participated in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Eu-152 key comparison and will provide the link to evaluate the degrees of equivalence for these institutes.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-134 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 134Cs to include the 2008 results of the BEV (Austria), the 2009 result of the IRA (Switzerland) and the 2010 results of the NMISA (South Africa)

Since 2008, three national metrology institutes have submitted ampoules for the measurement of 134Cs in the International Reference System (SIR). The values of the activity submitted were between about 0.17 MBq and 2.3 MBq. The primary standardization result for the IRA, Switzerland, replaces their earlier result of 1978 but no change is proposed for the key comparison reference value at the present time. There are now 14 results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-134 comparison.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ce-139 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 139Ce to include the 2008 results of the PTB, Germany and the BEV, Austria

The recent results of activity measurements of the radionuclide 139Ce by the PTB, Germany and the BEV, Austria have been included in the BIPM key comparison database through their participation in the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ce-139 comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The activities were about 4 MBq and 0.5 MBq, respectively. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table and graph, together with those of the previous participants.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI Section II, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Update of the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m comparison of activity measurements for the radionuclide 99mTc to include new results for the LNE–LNHB and the NPL

In 2007 and 2008 respectively, the Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais–Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel (LNE–LNHB), France and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK, submitted ampoules with between 10 MBq and 130 MBq activity of 99mTc to the International Reference System (SIR), to update their results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m comparison. Together with the four other national metrology institutes (NMI) that are participants, thirteen samples have been submitted since 1983. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been recalculated to include the latest primary results of the PTB and the LNE–LNHB as this makes the evaluation more robust. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR are given in the form of a matrix for all six NMIs. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI Section II, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Assurance of the traceability chain for 131I measurement

The paper presents some recent results of the Radionuclide Metrology Laboratory (RML) from IFIN-HH, concerning the assurance of the international traceability for the measurement of 131I solution aimed to continue the national chain for nuclear medicine applications in Romania. The following sequences of the traceability are presented: the absolute standardization of solution by the 4πβ-γ coincidence, efficiency extrapolation method and participation in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 key comparison; and recalibration of the CENTRONIC IG12/20A ionization chamber secondary standard. The participation in the IAEA/SSDL (SSRL) 131I comparison is also presented.

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-134 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 134Cs to include the 2005 results of the BARC (India) and the CNEA (Argentina), the 2006 result of the IFIN-HH (Romania) and the link for the 2005 regional comparison APMP.RI(II)-K2.Cs-134 to include the VNIIM and the INER

In 2005, the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), India, and the Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Argentina, each submitted one sample of known activity of 134Cs to the International Reference System (SIR). This was followed in 2006 by the submission of an ampoule by the Institutul de Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara (IFIN-HH), Romania. The values of the activity submitted were between about 0.7 MBq and 1.3 MBq. The 2005 results replace earlier SIR measurements while the 2006 result of the IFIN-HH replaces a CCRI(II) comparison result of 1978. Consequently, there are now thirteen results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-134 comparison for which the key comparison reference value has been updated.Also, in 2005, the APMP ran a key comparison for the activity of this radionuclide and the results are now linked to the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-134 comparison through the previous submissions of the pilot laboratory, NMIJ (Japan), and of the LNE-LNHB (France). This has enabled the VNIIM (Russian Federation) to update its result from the 1978 CCRI(II)-K2.Cs-134 comparison and the INER (Chinese Taipei) to be linked for the first time. In addition, the remaining eight eligible results from the 1978 CCRI(II) comparison are still linked provisionally to the SIR results.Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI Section II, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ce-139 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 139Ce to include the 2004 NMIJ resultand links for the 2004 regional comparison APMP.RI(II)-K2.Ce-139

Since 1976, ten national metrology institutes (NMIs) and another laboratory have submitted 21 samples of known activity of 139Ce to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ce-139 comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The activities ranged from about 0.5 MBq to 55 MBq. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been recalculated to include the new National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) result. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the new KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for nine NMIs and the BIPM. A graphical presentation is also given. The results of an APMP.RI(II)-K2.Ce-139 comparison held in 2004 have been linked to the SIR results through the submission to the SIR of an ampoule by the pilot laboratory, the NMIJ. This has enabled one NMI to update its 1999 SIR entry and one NMI to update their previously published 1976 CCRI(II) comparison results and three other NMIs to have degrees of equivalence for activity measurements for this radionuclide.Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI(II)), according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).