Improvement Of Safety Systems Research Articles

Забортный теплообменник система пассивного отвода тепла от реакторной установки

After the accident at the Fukushima-1 NPP, the requirements for the safety of reactor facilities became more stringent, which led to the improvement of safety systems due to the transition from active principles of operation to safety systems with passive principles. An example of such a system is a passive heat removal system (hereinafter PHRS), which should transfer heat from the core of a nuclear steam generating unit to the final absorbers (sea water and/or atmospheric air) during normal and emergency cooling down, as well as when operating at low power static modes. without the participation of a steam turbine unit. Moreover, the process of heat removal should be carried out without using additional energy sources. This means that the PHRS must convert part of the removed heat energy into work on moving the coolant in it. Without the cost of electricity, this process can be carried out using natural circulation (EC) and/or steam-water jet devices (PVSA).

Digitalization of Safety in the Field of Labor Protection

Modern enterprise safety technologies affect the life and health of people all over the world, as well as the quality of full, clean functioning of the environmental protection system. According to the authors, from a scientific and practical point of view, the project is aimed at solving one of the vital problems at enterprises – it is the safety and security of citizens (workers) in the workplaces, the warning and prevention of accidents at work, the creation of a digitalized mechanism for regulating occupational safety at the enterprise. The authors of the project proposed and justified the introduction of a new scientific direction (concept) - digitalized safety in the field of labor protection, as well as the need to introduce and develop new digital technologies in the field of labor safety. The study developed a system (consolidation, which is required in the ILO Convention) to establish digitalized platform in each state for violations of labor protection, as well as scientific understanding of the mechanism of interaction between the three components (subjects) for labor safety, for global improvement of safety systems at the enterprises.

Lessons from Chernobyl and Fukushima and Advanced Control Concepts for Severe Accidents

The year 2016 marks the 30th anniversary of the accident in the No. 4 unit of the Chernobyl NPP and the 5th anniversary of the accident at the Fukushima NPP in Japan. The Chernobyl accident substantially changed the public’s attitude toward severe accidents at NPPs, promoting on the one hand modernization and improvement of safety systems and on the other hand a higher safety culture by harmonization of standards and regulations, and adoption of deeply echeloned protection and a scientifically validated approach to the analysis of accidents. The Fukushima accident revealed a new class of accidents – extreme actions caused by naturally occurring cataclysms and/or different external actions, which actually are identical to loss of a large part or all of the means for controlling an accident. The present article examines the main lessons on accidents in terms of understanding the phenomenology of the events occurring during severe accidents and confirms the importance of the deterministic component of the safety concept. At the same time, it emphasizes that special attention must be given to hydrogen safety, systems for prolonged removal of residual heat, emergency readiness, and emergency response under the extreme conditions of severe accidents. The computational means used to develop accident counter-measures must be properly set to take account of the design features of the reactor facility, the containment of the NPP, and the adjoining territories in order to determine the time required to implement the procedures for controlling accidents and mitigating the consequences.