Improved Rice Production Technologies Research Articles

Impact of Varietal Demonstrations on the Productivity and Sustainability in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu, India

Popularization of newly released variety in a new environment was important to increase the productivity and sustainability on a particular location. Keeping this inview, field demonstrations were carried out at farmer’s field by introducing drought tolerant rice variety TKM 15. The variety was released by Rice Research Station, (TNAU), Thirurkuppam, during 2022. A total of ten, field demonstrations were conducted at farmer’s field organized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Villupuram, and Tamil Nadu during Kharif 2023. The farmers cultivating variety ADT 37was used as the check variety (farmer’s practice). An average yield of 4,925kg.ha-1 was recorded from TKM 15 demonstrations which showed 7.75% increase over the farmers cultivating variety (4570kg.ha-1). The farmers have obtained additional revenue of Rs. 10,100ha-1from TKM 15 demonstrations, which may motivate the farmers to adopt TKM 15 variety with the improved rice production technology. The Front-Line Demonstration on new variety introduction, effectively influenced the attitudes, skills, and knowledge related to improved or recommended practices in paddy cultivation, fostering adoption. It also enhanced the relationship between farmers and scientists, fostering mutual confidence.

Effects of Utilization of Improved Rice Production Technologies on Productivity among Smallholder Farmers In Niger State

Effects of Utilization of Improved Rice Production Technologies on Productivity among Smallholder Farmers In Niger State

IMPACT OF ADOPTION OF IMPROVED RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ON YIELD AND INCOME OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES’ FARMERS IN BAUCHI AND GOMBE STATES, NIGERIA

The study was examined the impact of adoption of improved rice production technologies on yield and income of cooperative societies’ farmers in Bauchi and Gombe States, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 524 respondents comprising of 262 members and 262 non-members from both States. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that, the mean age of the respondents was 41years for the members and non-members in Bauchi State, while 41 and 42 years were the mean age in Gombe State for both categories of the respondents respectively, with the mean farming experience of 7 and 12 years in Bauchi State, while 9 and 10 years in Gombe State for both the members and non-members respectively. The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean household size among members and non-members in Bauchi State as the calculated Z-value (2.94) is higher than the tabulated Z-value (1.96). The trend was also similar in Gombe State where there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean household size among members and non-members as the calculated Z-value (2.70) is also higher than the tabulated Z-value (1.96). The results showed no significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean farm size among members and non-members in Bauchi State as the calculated Z-value (0.63) is lower than the tabulated Z-value (1.96). The trend wasn’t similar in Gombe State which showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean farm size among members and non-members as the calculated Z-value (4.80) is higher than the tabulated Z-value (1.96). education level, sex and rice farming experience were found to be positively significant (P<0.001) while extension visit was found to be positively significant (P<0.05) in predisposing adoption improved rice production technologies (IRPTs) among members and non-members of rice cooperative societies in the study area. The results from the Nearest Neighbor Matching (NNM), radius Matching Method (RMM), Stratification Method (SM) and Kernel Matching Method (KMM) indicate that the adoption of IRPTs had significant positive impact on income and yield among members compared to non-members (P˂0.01). It was concluded that the adoption IRPTs have significant impact on yield and income of members of cooperatives societies compared to their counterparts. The study therefore recommends that, farmers should form formidable cooperative societies so as to enjoy economies of scale in pooling their resources to purchase farm inputs.

Evaluation of Rice Varieties under Front Line Demonstrations in the Agro-climatic Zone of the Chhattisgarh Plains of Madhya Pradesh, under Irrigated Condition

Frontline demonstrations were conducted with recommended scientific package and practices at farmer’s fields in the Chhattisgarh plain agro-climatic zone of Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the performance of two rice varieties viz., JR-81 and JRB-1under irrigated conditions during Kharif 2019. The data on yield and economics of demonstrated under FLD, when compared with farmer’s practices on popular rice variety MTU-1010 revealed that both the rice varieties performed superior to MTU-1010. JR-81 and JRB-1with improved production technologies showed increased mean grain yield by 17.17% over existing farmers practice with Rs. 2450 ha-1 extra expenditure on inputs. The mean extension gap (7.80 q ha-1) and mean IBCR (4.78) recorded were sufficiently high, which may motivate the farmers to adopt JR-81 and JRB-1 varieties with the improved rice production technology.

ADOPTION OF IMPROVED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG RICE FARMERS IN WASE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

This study assessed adoption of improved production technologies among rice farmers’ in Wase Local Government Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used in the selection of 160 respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics, four point Likert scale and Logit regression were used to achieve the objectives of the study. Findings from the study revealed the mean age of the farmers to be 40years. Majority (67%) of the respondents were males and 91% of them married. 44% of the respondents had secondary education and a mean farming experience of 8 years. Majority (64%) of the respondents had farming as their major occupation on average farm sizes of 1.6 hectares. The mean annual income of the farmers was N 202,356. Improved rice production technologies such as appropriate time of harvesting (3.44), land preparation by tractors (3.42), recommended time of weeding (3.41), appropriate planting dates (3.25), use of herbicides (3.24), improved seed varieties (3.11), application of recommended fertilizer (3.05), nursery practice and transplanting (2.73) all had high levels of awareness and adoption respectively among the farmers. Age, educational status, farming experience, farm size, extension contact and annual income were significant determinant of adoption of improved rice production technologies. High cost of technology (69%), inadequate extension contact (61%) inadequate credit access (48%) and lack of accessibility of some technologies (28.0) were the major constraints affecting adoption of improved rice production technologies. The study recommended the subsidization of inputs (improved seeds, fertilizers and agro-chemicals) by government to reduce cost of production.

Examining Smallholder Rice Farmers’ Yield Improvement Needs in Asunafo North Municipality of Ghana

Scholars who promoted crop production increase for food security have overlooked the fact that per-hectare yield does not necessarily increase. In Ghana, where food insecurity has become worse in recent years, domestic rice production has not contributed much to domestic rice consumption. The question remains what factors contributed to smallholder rice farmers’ low yield? Also, what do these smallholder rice farmers need to do to improve yield? This study adopted a simple random sampling technique to select 154 rice farmers for a questionnaire survey in October and November 2020. The results are discussed partly by performing a correlation analysis, an independent t-test, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. We found that 58.4% of the respondents cultivated popular high-yield varieties like AGRA and Jasmine, but their yield remained relatively lower than the national average. One of the reasons behind this low yield outcome among the respondents was that improved seed varieties were not timely available (92.8%) and the input cost was high (85.7%). The average annual income from rice farming for these respondents was too low for them to procure a sufficient amount of input. Regarding respondents’ technology needs, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance showed that timely access to improved varieties, irrigation infrastructure, and row planting were among the most important. As to their non-technological needs, the respondents needed timely information about rice production, more access to credit, and more frequent services from extension officers. The correlation analysis revealed that respondents’ experience and off-farm income showed a significant positive and negative association with their yield levels. This paper then discusses recommendations for providing improved rice production technologies to farmers. Keywords: Smallholder farmers, Rice, Yield improvement, Technological/non-technological needs DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/13-8-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2023

Adoption of improved rice technologies in major rice producing areas of Ethiopia: a multivariate probit approach

BackgroundThe need for adopting improved rice technologies and practices has become more important in Ethiopia as the national self-sufficiency gap has increased. This article examines the adoption level and factors governing the adoption of improved rice technology packages and practices using data collected from 594 rice-producing household heads in Ethiopia. A multivariate probit (MVP) model involving a system of five equations was used to assess the determinant for the decision to adopt improved rice technologies and practices.ResultsThe results showed that the adoption levels of improved rice varieties, row planting, recommended rate of urea fertilizer, recommended rate of DAP/NPS fertilizer, and recommended weeding frequency was 24.4%, 23.4%, 40.9%, 38.6%, and 52.4%, respectively. The model results attested that improved rice production technology packages are complementary. This finding implies that farm-level policies that affect the use of one improved agricultural technology can have a positive effect on the other technologies. The various demographic, socioeconomic, and institutional variables were found to influence the decisions to adopt different technologies of improved rice technology packages with different signs.ConclusionsTherefore, the government should devise ways to ease the accessibility of improved seeds and fertilizers along with the introduction of labor-saving technologies to promote row planting and achieve wider adoption of the technologies. Policies and interventions that are informed about such factors are required to accelerate the adoption of improved rice technology packages in Ethiopia to realize green revolution and secure self-sufficiency of rice sustainably.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF FARO-44 RICE FARMERS UNDER FADAMA III ADDITIONAL FINANCE II IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined the socio-economic and constraints analysis of faro-44 rice farmers under fadama III additional finance II in Taraba State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select the respondents. Data collected from 500 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages, mean scores and standard deviation). The results showed that majority (83.80%) of the faro-44 rice farmers were male; 78.80% were married; 58.20% had informal education; 33.80% acquired land through inheritance; about half (52%) had access to extension agents and a few (47.80%) had no access. Frequency of extension agent visits showed that few (28.60%) had fortnightly visits, weekly (18.60%), monthly (20.00%), quarterly (18.00%) and none (14.80%). Some (28.60%) of the respondents revealed that own sources were their main credit. Results showed a mean age of 43 years for the faro-4 rice farmers. The respondents had mean household size of 9 persons per household. The faro-44 rice farmers in Taraba State, Nigeria had a mean farm size of 2.66 ha. Findings also revealed that faro-44 rice farmers had minimum and maximum of 1 year and 25 years experiences, respectively, with an average of 14.02 years farming experience. The major constraints faced by the farmers were pests and diseases (93.80%), inadequacy of information on improved rice production technologies (89.20%), farmer-herder conflicts (78.60%), inadequate capital (76.40%), high cost of farm inputs (70.20%), poor road network/transportation (66.20%), climatic factors, e.g., flood, ground water depletion, drought (66%), high cost of labour (64.60%), poor market outlet (44.20%), scarcity of improved seeds (39.60%), high cost of seedling (26.80%), land fragmentation (21.00%), inadequate extension services or contact (19.20%), price fluctuation (6.20%) and kidnapping/banditry (5.60%). It was concluded that faro-44 rice farmers under fadama III additional finance II in Taraba State, Nigeria is dominated by males and the major constraints faced by the farmers were pests and diseases, inadequate information on improved rice production technologies and farmer-herder conflicts. The study recommended that women farmers in Taraba State should form strong cooperative associations in order to benefit more from such laudable fadama AF-II intervention/supports taking cognizance also of the enormous benefit of the women in agriculture programmes.

An Economic Evaluation of Improved Rice Production Technology in Telangana State, India

The demonstrations on improved rice production technology were organized in the Wanaparthy, Nagarkurnool, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri, and Rangareddy districts of Telangana state of India. These demonstrations were organized under the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan of the Indian Institute of Rice Research during the wet season of 2021. The biofortified varieties assume great significance to achieve nutrition security. Hence, the zinc biofortified rice variety, DRR Dhan 48 was demonstrated on the 142 farmer fields and the economic impact of these demonstrations was assessed with the ‘difference in difference’ approach. The results revealed that the production of rice under demonstration plots was more profitable with a higher benefit-to-cost ratio (B:C; 1.9) compared to that of the control plots (1.4). The independent two-sample t-test revealed that the productivity at the control plots was not statistically different from that of the demonstrations plots (p = 0.112) before the project was implemented, however, with the intervention in the form of the demonstration of improved rice production technology, the productivity differed significantly (p = 0.000) for the control and the demonstration plots for the intervention year. The results of the difference in differences estimator revealed that there was a positive impact of demonstrations on the yield of the beneficiaries. The mean productivity of demonstration plots and control plots were 5.52 t/ha and 4.5 t/ha, respectively. The farmers had an additional yield advantage of 22.6% over the control plots. The results indicated that the adoption of an improved package of practices would enable harnessing higher productivity levels and bridging the yield gaps in similar agroecosystems. Also, the results suggest the practical significance of the popularization of biofortified rice varieties for food and nutritional security.

Farmers’ utilization of improved rice production technologies in ebonyi state, nigeria

The study assessed farmers’ utilization of improved rice production technologies in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Both random and purposive sampling techniques were used in the selection of 140 respondents for the study who were administered with a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean scores, and inferential statistics of principal factor analysis. The study shows that farmers are highly aware of existing improved rice production technologies. The most utilized rice production technologies by farmers in the area include use of improved rice varieties (), fertilizer application (), use of agrochemicals (), modern rice milling equipment () and timely transplanting and use of standard depths and spaces (). The major constraints to farmers’ utilization of improved rice production technologies in the study area are administrative, individual, environmental, financial and technical constraints. The study recommends that extension organisations should rejig their extension delivery system to ensure timely dissemination of information on improved rice production technologies to farmers; and farmers should organize themselves into cooperative organization to enhance their access to credit for procurement of modern rice storage and processing facilities.

Fostering Rice-Based Model Villages in India: Accomplishment & Impediments

ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, India had taken up two tiny villages namely Gurujanga & Guali in Odisha state for developing as model villages and dissemination of improved rice production technologies. Adoption of few land mark rice varieties developed by ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack resulted huge yield advantage over varieties grown earlier. Non-farm income and labour force participation rate were key factors together with other improved traits for adoption of varieties and technologies.

Quantifying the impact of agricultural technology usage on intra-household time allocation: Empirical evidence from rice farmers in Ghana

The use of improved agricultural technologies that lead to improved productivity, income and food security, could also destabilize intra-household time allocation. Using primary data from 917 rice farmers in Ashanti and Upper East Regions of Ghana, this paper employs a two-stage Bourguignon, Fournier, and Gurgand (BFG) selection bias correction model to quantify the impact of improved rice production technologies on intra-household time allocation. The empirical results indicate that farmers who take up improved rice technologies (fertilizer and improved rice seed) tend to increase labour input in farm work by 13.93 h per week. This has implications for the amount of time available for domestic work and leisure, especially for women in typical rice farming household. The design and development of technological innovations in the agricultural sector should take serious account of the domestic workload of women in farming communities to improve intensity and sustainability of use for both men and women.

Technological interventions to enhance rice productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands of Asom

Improved technological interventions are important to sustain production and productivity of rice. A study was conducted by Regional Rainfed Lowland Rice Research Station, ICAR–National Rice Research Institute, Gerua, Kamrup in four districts of lower brahmaputra valley and north bank plains agro-climatic zones of Asom during boro seasons from 2012–13 to 2016–17 to enhance productivity of boro rice through introduction of latest rice varieties and application of improved production technology. Performance of open-pollinated varieties, viz. Naveen, Chandrama and CR Dhan 909, and hybrids, viz. Ajay and Rajalaxmi under application of improved production technology were demonstrated. At all the locations, application of improved technologies showed superior results in terms of growth, yield attributes, productivity and profitability over local checks under farmers’ practice. Rice varieties with application of improved production technologies, increased mean grain yield by an average of 38.8% and extra earning of `18137/ha over existing farmer’s practice with only `3632/ha extra expenditure on inputs. The mean gap indices,viz.extension gap (1.56 t/ha), technology gap (0.96 t/ha), technology index (14.5%) and mean B:C (4.99) clearly indicated the superiority of technological demonstrations over farmers’ practices. The study also lays emphasis on the framing intensive technology transfer programmes like technological demonstrations on field to motivate the farmers for higher adoption rate of improved rice production technology.

Adoption level of improved rice production technologies among rural women rice producers in ayamelum local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria

Adoption level of improved rice production technologies among rural women rice producers in ayamelum local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria

Adoption of improved agricultural technologies among rice farmers in Ghana: a multivariate probit approach

The need for practising modern techniques in rice production has become increasingly important in Ghana as the per capita cultivable land continues to shrink. This study employed a multivariate probit model to estimate the determinants of adoption of improved agricultural technologies using household data collected from 543 rice farmers in the Upper East and Northern region of Ghana. There was complementarity among all the improved rice production technologies (i.e. nursery establishment, harrowing, line planting, spacing, urea briquette, irrigation, and bunding). Among the socio-economic variables, education, household size, experience, farm size, sex, and age of the farmer play significant roles, with differing signs across technologies. Among the institutional factors, membership of farmer-based organisation, access to research service, training and credit were significant with differing signs across the improved technologies. Location also had significant and differing influence on adoption. Also, demonstration, TV, radio, video, mobile phones, and household extension methods had significant and differing influence on the adoption of improved technologies, providing significant justification for the review of the agricultural extension methods and approaches of Ghana to include new ICT and mass media approaches. To improve the output of rice, farmers are advised to jointly adopt the identified improved rice production technologies. Keywords: Adoption, Agricultural Technologies, Multivariate Probit, Rice Farmers, Northern Ghana

Perceived Benefits of Adoption of Improved Rice Production Technologies Among Small–Scale Farmers in Kogi state, Nigeria.

The study examined the benefits of adoption of improved rice technologies among small – scale rice farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; describe the socio – economic characteristics of the rice farmers, assessed farmers' level of adoption of improved rice technologies, identify the rice farmers’ sources of agricultural information and source of information preferred, identify the benefits derived from adoption and identify the constraints to rice production in the area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire from 212 rice farmers. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results show that 59.9% of the respondents were male, and within the ages of 40 – 49 years. The majority (58.0%) of the respondents were married and 60.8% of the farmers depend on extension agents for agricultural information. The improved technologies disseminated; rice production facilities, rice farming inputs, field preparation were adopted with adoption index of 0.70, 0.71 and 0.77 respectively indicating high adoption level, while processing technologies had low adoption level with adoption index of 0.37. Increased output (98.6%), acquisition of skills (91.5%), increase in income (85.5%) and expansion of farm land (72.2%) were the major benefits derived by the farmers from adoption of the technologies. The study concluded that the major benefits derived from adoption of the technologies were increased farm size, increased output andincome, and the major constraints to rice production were inadequate finance and credit facilities and poor soil fertility. Extension agents should encourage the farmers to re-invest their income for more output and income. Government and financial institutions should also provide the farmers with production credit in form of loan at low interest rate, so that they can afford some of the technologies Keywords : Adoption, benefit derived, improved rice technologies

DRIVERS OF ADOPTION INTENSITY OF IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AMONG RICE FARMERS: EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN GHANA

Improved rice production techniques are being promoted in Ghana as a way of enhancing sustainable productivity among farmers. Despite the important role that the adoption of improved rice production technologies plays in improving output, very few studies, especially in the context of Northern Ghana, have been conducted to analyse the factors influencing their intensive adoption. In this study, we compared the results of negative binomial, Poisson and zero inflated Poisson (ZIP) models to analyse the determinants of intensity of adoption of improved rice production techniques, using primary data collected from 543 rice farmers in the Upper East and Northern regions of Ghana. Based on model diagnostics, we accept the results of the ZIP model. The empirical results confirm the relevance of technology demonstration fields, farmers’ experience, training, and sex of the farmer in enhancing and sustaining the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. Household extension method, research and extension, and farm size should also be considered in promoting the adoption of improved practices among rice farmers since these covariates had significant relationship with the intensity of adopting improved agricultural technologies.

English

In Imo State, an increasing number of improved rice production technologies and management techniques have been introduced to rice farmers across the State. Despite the introduction of the rice production technologies, rice production continues to be low. This study therefore analyzed factors associated with adoption of improved rice production technologies in Imo State of Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used in selecting one hundred and thirty (135) rice farmers from the communities where rice is produced in the State. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit regression. The result obtained shows that 73.33, 67.41, 78.52, 86.67 and 45.4% of the rice farmers adopted improved rice varieties, use of agrochemicals, fertilizer application, optimum seed rate, and mechanical harvesting, respectively. Farmers’ socioeconomic factors such as age, income, cooperative membership, household size, level of education, farm size and number of contacts with extension agents affected adoption. These key factors need to be taken into consideration when expanded program on technology adoption is to be considered. Key words: Adoption, rice production technologies, farmers, socioeconomic determinants, Imo State, Nigeria.

Association between selected personal variables of the respondents with their level of adoption of improved rice production technology by the farmers in Dungarpur district of Rajasthan

India is the second leading producer of rice in the entire world, preceded by China. Rice remains a staple food for the majority of the world's population. More than two-thirds of the world relies on the nutritional benefits of rice. Rice is naturally fat, cholesterol and sodium free. It is a complex carbohydrate containing only 103 calories per one half- cup serving. Rice is primarily a high energy or high calorie food. It contains less protein than wheat. The protein content of rice is usually 6 to 7 per cent. In Rajasthan rice is grown on an area of 131126 Lakh hectares with a production of 265545 lakh tones (Anonymous, 2010-11). The major rice growing districts in Rajasthan are Banswara, Dungarpur, Kota, Bundi, Sriganganagar and Hanumangarh. The present study was conducted in Dungarpur district of Southern Rajasthan. There are total four tehsils in Dungarpur district of Rajasthan, out of which two tehsil namely Simalwara and Dungarpur have been selected on the basis of maximum area under cultivation of rice. Five villages from each identified tehsil were selected on the basis of maximum area under rice cultivation. Thus, in all 10 villages were selected for present investigation. For selection of respondents total 120 rice growers (60 small and 60 marginal farmers) were selected on the basis of random sampling method from the identified villages for the present study. It was found that personal characteristics viz., age, education, family income, size of land holding, extension contacts, cosmopolitan outlook and economic motivation were not significantly associated with adoption of improved rice production technology. It means that there was no effect of these personal variables on adoption of improved rice production technology.

Yield gap, adoption level and constraints of improved rice production technology on tribal farms in District U.S. Nagar of Uttrakhand

Yield gap, adoption level and constraints of improved rice production technology on tribal farms in District U.S. Nagar of Uttrakhand