Improve Sports Performance Research Articles

Possible Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Physical Performance Through Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Antioxidant Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Athletes often seek to use dietary supplements to increase performance during exercise. Among various supplements, much attention has been paid to beetroot in recent years. Beetroot is a source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins; also, it is a natural source of nitrate and associated with improved sports performance. Nitrates can the modification of skeletal muscle contractile proteins or calcium handling after translation. The time to reach the peak plasma nitrate is between 1 and 3 h after consumption of a single dose of nitrate. Nitrate is metabolized by conversion to nitrite and subsequently nitric oxide. Beetroot can have various effects on athletic performance through nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is an intracellular and extracellular messenger for regulating certain cellular functions and causes vasodilation of blood vessels and increases blood flow. Nitric oxide seems to be effective in improving athletic performance by increasing oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients for better muscle fueling. Nitric oxide plays the main role in anabolic hormones, modulates the release of several neurotransmitters and the major mediators of stress involved in the acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to exercise. Beetroot is an important source of compounds such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, betaline, and highly active phenolics and has high antioxidant properties. Beetroot supplement provides an important source of dietary polyphenols and due to the many health benefits. Phytochemicals of Beetroot through signaling pathways inhibit inflammatory diseases. In this study, the mechanisms responsible for these effects were examined and the research in this regard was reviewed.

Renal Alterations Induced by Chronic Testosterone Therapy in Adult Female Rats

Testosterone esters are used in clinical conditions such as male hypogonadism. Additionally, it has been used to improve sports performance, increasing muscle mass in both genders, and to affirm gender identity by transgender men. However, few experimental studies have been carried out to evaluate the repercussion of testosterone on female rodents on renal function and blood pressure. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the blood pressure and renal function in female rats subjected chronically to testosterone therapy. Adult female Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were randomly assigned to receive testosterone (T) or vehicle (control group - C). Group T received testosterone cypionate (3.0 mg/kg, i.m.) and C received vehicle oil every 10 days for 4 months. Renal function and blood pressure were evaluated at 6 months of age. Urine was collected in metabolic cages for 24 h. Plasma and urine concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, osmolality, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. The kidneys were weighed, paraffin-embedded, and histological sections were prepared to evaluate the glomerular area. When compared to C, the group T had higher values of BP [C: 119±1.0; T: 131±1.4; mmHg], lower GFR [C: 0.78±0.02; T: 0.67±0.03; ml/min/g kidney weight], increased proteinuria [C: 2.9±0.2; T: 6.2±0.9 mg/24 h], increased kidney weight [C: 1.8±0.04; T: 2.2±0.06; g] and glomerular hypertrophy [C: 7884±112.8; T: 8917±152.4; µm2]. Urinary osmolality and sodium and potassium excretion were similar in both groups. Testosterone therapy in female rats increased blood pressure and induced renal changes that may be related to adaptations caused by the hormonal treatment that carried female rats close to male physiological conditions.

An Analysis of Junior Weight Vest Development to Improve Physical Abilities of Junior Athletes

Background: Increasing the athlete's physical element is the foundation for improving sports performance. One way to improve physical abilities is through weight training. Junior Weight Vest is one way to exercise weight for junior athletes. This study aims to analyze the development of the Junior Weight Vest to obtain accurate and complete information about the needs, benefits, urgency, form and specifications of the Junior Weight Vest in an effort to improve the physical abilities of junior athletes. Method: This research is a descriptive qualitative study with interviews (Focus Group Discussion), questionnaires and literature studies as the data collection methods. The subjects of this study are 20 people consisting of 15 sports coaches and 5 sports training experts. Results: The results showed that 1) weight training for junior athletes is needed for physical improvement of athletes, 2) the existence of Junior Weight Vest is not widely known by trainers and sports training experts, 3) the need for Junior Weight Vest is needed, 4) the benefits of Junior Weight Vest are believed to be able to improve junior athlete physical abilities, especially speed, endurance and strength. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the development of Junior Weight Vest is greatly needed by coach and sports experts with all the benefits it causes, so that junior athletes can gradually improve their physical abilities in accordance with the rules of sports training.

Comparison of Postural Stability and Regulation among Female Athletes from Different Sports

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postural regulation of female athletes who participate in different sports under normal and high-demand conditions. Fifty-nine female athletes were classified into four specific groups based on their individual sport, which included basketball (n = 16), gymnastics (n = 10), ski jumping (n = 13), diving (n = 8), and one group of recreational athletes (n = 12). These groups were then compared using several posturographic tests under four bipedal conditions: eyes open or closed and on a stable surface or foam pad. While there were some differences between groups standing in the less demanding positions (stable surface), the higher demanding positions (unstable surface-foam pads) showed significant differences between the technical sports (ski jumping, diving, and gymnastics) and basketball and recreational athletes. Most (50%, 6/12) of significant differences were provided by sports. In contrast, the predictors age, weight, and height played only a minor role within the covariance analysis. The largest effect by sports was detected for the anterior-posterior weight distribution standing on foam pads with closed eyes (p = 0.015, ηp2 = 0.211). Ski jumping and recreational athletes showed the largest (p = 0.011) partial difference by sports for this parameter and test position. According to the parameters, the weight distribution index (WDI) was the variable with the most significant effects (50%, 6/12). These results provide coaches and athletes with a more sport specific view on postural regulation and potentially assist in identifying deficits to improve sports performance and reduce the risk of injury.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on two different performance indicators in sports: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

[Purpose]Sodium bicarbonate shows ergogenic potential in physical exercise and sports activities, although there is no strong evidence which performance markers show the greatest benefit from this supplement. This study evaluated the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on time trial performance and time to exhaustion in athletes and sports practitioners.[Methods]A systematic review was conducted using three databases, including 17 clinical trials. Among these clinical trials, 11 were considered eligible for the meta-analysis according to the criteria for the assessment of methodological quality using the PEDro Scale. Time to exhaustion was assessed in six studies, while time trial performance was evaluated in five studies.[Results]A significant beneficial effect of supplementation on time to exhaustion was found in a random effects model (1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 2.48). There was no significant effect of supplementation on time trial performance in a fixed effects model (slope = −0.75; 95% CI, −2.04 to 0.55) relative to a placebo group.[Conclusion]Sodium bicarbonate has the potential to improve sports performance in general, especially in terms of time to exhaustion.

A Systematic Review of Goal Setting Interventions to Improve Sports Performance

"ABSTRACT. Introduction. Goal setting theory (Locke & Latham, 1990) was initially developed for the field of organizational psychology, and since then it was used as a motivational technique in a variety of areas, including sports performance. Considering the multiple factors influencing sports performance and the fact that goal setting has become an increasingly popular subject, we consider it appropriate to summarize the recent results regarding this topic. Objective. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on goal setting interventions to enhance sports performance. Methods. A comprehensive literature search of Scopus, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals, ERIC, Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index, and APA PsycArticles databases was conducted in October 2020 and included journal articles published since 2000. Results. A total of 1520 results were identified, of which 27 studies met eligibility criteria and were fully reviewed. Conclusions. This systematic review highlights that goal setting is an effective behavior modification procedure that can improve athletes’ performance. Discussions focus on practical implications and future research directions."

Effect of Acupuncture on the Timeliness of Explosive Forces Generated by the Male Shoulder Joint.

Athletes aim to improve muscle strength to optimize sports performance and gain a competitive edge. Although modern sports medicine includes rehabilitation treatment methods for improving the explosive force of athletes, including acupuncture, a common alternative therapy, research on the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving the timeliness of explosive forces is limited. There is uncertainty regarding how long the effects of acupuncture treatment persist after treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of acupuncture on the timeliness of explosive forces generated by the male shoulder joint. Eighteen healthy men underwent tests of shoulder adduction/abduction (Add/Abd) and flexion/extension (Flex/Ext) through an isokinetic measurement system. Acupuncture was used to stimulate LU1 (Zhongfu), LU3 (Tianfu), LU4 (Xiabai), LI14 (Binao), SJ13 (Naohui), SJ14 (Jianliao), and SJ12 (Xiaoluo), and the isokinetic parameters were recorded before and after acupuncture. After acupuncture, isokinetic muscle force parameters including the maximum (Max) torque, the average power, the average peak power, the average work, and the total work increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the average max torque Abd/Flex did not. Additionally, the preintervention values of the shoulder joints for Add/Abd and Flex/Ext were significantly greater than those at post 1 and post 2 (P < 0.05). The isokinetic results suggest that acupuncture can increase the explosive force of the male shoulder joint Add/Abd and Flex/Ext. Muscle cannot be fully activated when calcium saturation is below the maximal level. In this case, the postactivation potentiation (PAP) may enhance voluntary muscle force production. The effect of acupuncture is time-dependent, that is, the effects of acupuncture gradually weaken and disappear by approximately 10 minutes after acupuncture. Therefore, we suggest that acupuncture is used as an alternative therapy in sports competitions to increase the explosive forces of the shoulder joint, thereby improving sports performance.

PUSAT OLAHRAGA UNTUK DIFABEL BANJARBARU

Sports Center for Diffable is a facility for people with special needs (diffable) in improving sports performance. Sports center for people with disabilities also represents an answer to the issues for people with special needs for their rights in livelihood and life including in terms of sport. The architectural problem raised in this report is how to design a Sports Center that can fulfill the building size and capacity of the National standard (Type A) for a competition, by paying attention to the accessibility of the building. The accessibility design is used as the main concept to solve the problem of the Sports Center for people with disabilities. Accessibility is the convenience provided for everyone to manifest an equal opportunity in every aspect of life especially the facilities that cover all activities related to sport for people with special needs.

PUSAT OLAHRAGA UNTUK DIFABEL BANJARBARU

Sports Center for Diffable is a facility for people with special needs (diffable) in improving sports performance. Sports center for people with disabilities also represents an answer to the issues for people with special needs for their rights in livelihood and life including in terms of sport. The architectural problem raised in this report is how to design a Sports Center that can fulfill the building size and capacity of the National standard (Type A) for a competition, by paying attention to the accessibility of the building. The accessibility design is used as the main concept to solve the problem of the Sports Center for people with disabilities. Accessibility is the convenience provided for everyone to manifest an equal opportunity in every aspect of life especially the facilities that cover all activities related to sport for people with special needs.

The effect of six weeks CoBAgi training on coordination, dynamic balance &amp; agility of adolescent handball players

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects CoBAgi Training which apply neuromuscular training, sport specific movements that couple with perturbation variation on coordination, dynamic balance and agility among adolescent handball players.&#x0D; Material and Methods. Quantitative randomized controlled trials quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest evaluation used for this study. A total of 30 adolescent handball players (aged: 14.00 ± 0.83 years) were recruited as participants. Purposive sampling methods were used for these purposes. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups i.e. control group (CG: n=15) and experimental group (EG: n=15). EG undergone six weeks CoBAgi training while CG followed their usual training routine with supervision of the researcher, there times a week for 6 weeks. In order to measure the effect of these training on coordination, dynamic balance and agility, participants have performed Carioca Test, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and L-Run Test during pre-training and post-training session. The data were analyzed through Independent Samples t-test with p&lt;0.05 “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” (SPSS) program.&#x0D; Result. After completed the six weeks training duration, there were significant difference identified in coordination (t=-2.290, P=0.030*), dynamic balance (t= 4.802, P=0.000*) and agility (t=-3.202, P= 0.003*) between EG and CG.&#x0D; Conclusion. Therefore, this study revealed that CoBAgi training could improve abilities performance of coordination, dynamic balance and agility, and this suggesting that CoBAgi training may be use as rehabilitation and pre-rehabilitation training strategies in order for injury prevention plan as well as improve sports performance especially among the adolescent handball players.

Inhibitory Control Across Athletic Expertise and Its Relationship With Sport Performance.

Inhibitory control may be vital in elite sport. The authors examined the link between athletic expertise, inhibitory control, and sport performance in a two-part quasi experiment. Inhibitory control was indexed using the Stop-Signal Task, athlete expertise was categorized on literary recommendations, and sport performance was assessed using athlete and coach ratings. Study 1 examined cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of inhibitory control across athletic expertise. Study 2 investigated whether the inhibitory control-sport performance relationship was moderated by expertise. Study 1 showed that expertise was linked to greater inhibitory control cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Study 2 revealed that expertise was related to superior performance on the Stop-Signal Task and athlete and coach performance ratings, and this relationship was moderated by athletic expertise. Inhibitory control relates to sport performance, increases with greater athlete expertise, and develops longitudinally. Long-term participation in sport may bring about changes in inhibitory control, which may lead to improved sport performance.

Sports Injury Prevention and Functional Training: A Literature Review

OBJECTIVES The aim of this review study was to proposes a new paradigm of functional injury prevention(FIP) based on analysis of the effects of sports injury prevention(SIP) and functional training(FT).METHODS The literature used in the study is based on the electronic database and international papers published from 2014 to 2021 related to functional training were searched, screened and evaluated by using the follow keywords: &lt;i&gt;functional training, sports injury, rehabilitation, and prevention&lt;/i&gt;.RESULTS FT was divided into the concept of training both improving the sports performance and restoring physical function in the field of rehabilitation. In two areas, FT and SIP are somewhat different in approach method, object and environment, but they are highly correlated that both the activation of proprioceptive sensation and integrated neuromuscular function are reflected in training program. Especially, intrinsic injury factors such as reduced physical ability, skills and conditioning are associated with reduction of sports performance and increased sports injury. In addition, decreased proprioceptive sensation and neuromuscular function is a typical symptom of reduction of sports performance and injury. Therefore, FIP is needed as a training program that not only to prevent sports injury but also to improve sports performance.CONCLUSIONS In this review study, FIP is propose as a new paradigm combining SIP and FT. The follow-up study of FIP should be reviewed on athletes, club members and the general public for the development of programs to prevent sports injury and improve sports performance and the effects by sports events, body parts and age.

Nitric oxide and its role in exercise physiology.

Nitric oxide (NO) is quite an essential molecule for human metabolism since it plays an active role in body functions. In the past 20 years, nitric oxide has become a milestone in terms of both athlete physiology and pharmacology studies. The most known and remarkable function of NO is its role in controlling vasodilatation, blood rate, and mitochondrial respiration and thus enhance performance. Therefore, it can be argued that exercise and NO have a positive relationship. In the scientific literature search related to this review, the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) used MEDLINE and SportDiscus data and the terms "NO," "physical exercise," "vasodilatation," and "performance enhancement." The relevant literature took its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data studies. It was observed that there is a relationship between physical activity and nitric oxide, and it is demonstrated that physical activity enhances NO production. NO is supposed to improve sports performance, promote recovery, and benefit the athlete's health with its physiological support in vasodilatation, blood flow, and mitochondrial respiration. Physical activity and nitric oxide resulted to be related. There is a concrete evidence that physical activity enhances NO production. Exercise should be recommended for increasing the level of NO for athletes and for patients with cardiovascular disorders for therapy.

Resting energy expenditure in elite athletes: development of new predictive equations based on anthropometric variables and bioelectrical impedance analysis derived phase angle

BackgroundAn accurate estimation of athletes’ energy needs is crucial in diet planning to improve sport performance and to maintain an appropriate body composition. This study aimed to develop and validate in elite athletes new equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) based on anthropometric parameters as well as bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-derived raw variables and to validate the accuracy of selected predictive equations.MethodsAdult elite athletes aged 18–40 yrs were studied. Anthropometry, indirect calorimetry and BIA were performed in all subjects. The new predictive equations were generated using different regression models. The accuracy of the new equations was assessed at the group level (bias) and at the individual level (precision accuracy), and then compared with the one of five equations used in the general population or three athletes-specific formulas.ResultsOne-hundred and twenty-six male athletes (age 26.9 ± 9.1 yrs; weight 71.3 ± 10.9 kg; BMI 22.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2) from different sport specialties were randomly assigned to the calibration (n = 75) or validation group (n = 51). REE was directly correlated with individual characteristics, except for age, and raw BIA variables. Most of the equations from the literature were reasonably accurate at the population level (bias within ±5%). The new equations showed a mean bias −0.3% (Eq. A based on anthropometric parameters) and −0.6% (Eq. B based on BIA-derived raw variables). Precision accuracy (individual predicted-measured differences within ±5%) was ~75% in six out of eight of the selected equations and even higher for Eq. A (82.4%) and Eq. B (92.2%).ConclusionIn elite athletes, BIA-derived phase angle is a significant predictor of REE. The new equations have a very good prediction accuracy at both group and individual levels. The use of phase angle as predictor of REE requires further research with respect to different sport specialties, training programs and training level.

Important Visual Skills in Sports and Introduction to Sports Vision

Sport can be defined as a physical activity involving large muscle groups, requiring strategic methods, physical training and mental preparations and whose outcome is determined within in a rule, and by skill, not by chance. Specific sports demand specific visual skills as per its requirements and present new challenges under different conditions. Aiming and Anticipation are the basic vision requirements of every individual sports but these two skills can share different proportion according to different sports. The two factors that plays an important role in improved sports performance are Visual acuity and Contrast sensitivity.

Data Analysis of Athletes’ Physiological Indexes in Training and Competition Based on Wireless Sensor Network

The application of physiological and biochemical indicators in athlete training and competition has become a hot research topic in related fields at home and abroad. Both coaches and scientific researchers hope to use quantitative physiological and biochemical indicators to study the load, fatigue, and recovery of athletes in training competitions and use them to scientifically guide athletes in training competitions, improve sports performance, and reduce injuries. This article introduces in detail the development status of wireless sensor network technology, energy consumption detection system, and ZigBee technology. On this basis, the focus is on the design of the detection terminal (coordinator and router node), the routing protocol of the ZigBee network, and the algorithm for the detection of human energy consumption. This subject proposes a design plan for the human exercise energy consumption detection system and researches and designs the wireless sensor network coordinator, router node, and host computer monitoring system. The microprocessors of the two types of network nodes use the single‐chip microcomputer. Among them, the router node is composed of sensor modules, data transmission modules, and power modules; the software part is transplanted to ZigBee protocol Z‐Stack, combined with the routing algorithm, and we add the corresponding node function code to achieve them. Based on the introduction of the development status and development points of the single‐chip‐based motion wireless sensor, this article focuses on the analysis of the single‐chip‐based motion wireless sensor network products. The common features of the single‐chip microcomputer are wireless, huge low power consumption, and simple development. Engineering practice shows that the designed system is relatively good in terms of reliability and stability of data transmission; even in the case of severe noise interference and electromagnetic interference, the probability of network nodes malfunctioning is still very small. The router node processes and analyzes the collected motion data, calculates the energy consumption and motion state of human motion based on the acceleration value of each axis and extracts data characteristics, and transmits the obtained results to the coordinator for real‐time display.

The effect of stakeholder's commitment and government regulations on dry port firm performance

The dry port (or land port) is an inland area or an intermodal port directly connected to a seaport. Cikarang Dry Port, as one of the best performing dry ports among other dry ports in Indonesia, only contributes 18% of the loading and unloading volume at Tanjung Priok port. This study examines the effect of supply chain collaboration and service stakeholder engagement on Dry Port Company's performance. The data collected from a questionnaire. The 55 responses from employees of Cikarang dry port and a logistics company in Jakarta. The hypothesis was tested by multiple regression. This study confirms that government regulation and Stakeholder Commitment positively impact the performance of port companies. The study inspires managers to recognize the positive results of government regulation practice among stakeholder engagement organizations to improve port performance in port supply chains.

ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА У ВЫКОКОКВАЛИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ СПОРТМЕНОВ-ОРИЕНТИРОВЩИКОВ ПРИ РЕШЕНИИ СЛОЖНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАДАЧ

Currently, the problem of improving the quality of the training process in both professional and novice athletes is a priority for experts in the medical and biological support of sports all over the world. For these purposes, various biofeedback procedures, including the method of solving specialized motor-cognitive tasks on the stabilometric platform [1], have been actively used in recent years as extra-training means to improve sports performance. At the same time, we should note that one of the most informative biological signals that allow to judge about the change in the functional state of the body of the tested athletes in the process of sports training is the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) [2]. HRV analysis is widely used as a non-invasive and reliable tool for assessment of vegetative control of human cardiovascular system [3]. Numerous literature sources confirm the prospect of using this method for the purposes of sports physiology [4] However, changes in HRV in highly qualified athletes when solving complex motor and cognitive tasks, as of today, still remain unstudied. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in heart rate variability in highly qualified orienteering athletes when solving complex coordination tasks on biocontrol of a virtual object using a stabilometric platform ST-150. Seven days training with biofeedback control on the stabilometric platform resulted in a significant increase of such HRV temporal indices as SDNN – by 8,9 % (p&lt;0,01), RMSSD – by 42,3 % (p&lt;0,05), pNN50 – by 77, 1 % (p&lt;0.05), CV – by 25.3 % (p&lt;0.01), as well as heart rate reduction by 10.5 % (p&lt;0.05), which indicates an increase in functional capabilities of the athletes’ bodies, strengthening vagus effects on cardiac rhythm. The results of geometrical analysis have shown that biofeedback according to reference reaction leads to reliable increase of values of index of mode of cardiointervals by 9,7 % and increase of variation range of histogram of cardiointervals by 21,4 % as well as decrease of values of mode amplitude by 19,2 % and tension index of regulatory systems of the body by 29,6 % (p&lt;0,05), which testifies to improvement of adaptation possibilities of the body of tested sportsmen under the influence of this type of biocontrol. Analysis of spectral components of heart rhythm in orientation athletes after 7-day training with biofeedback control has shown significant increase in TP by 36 %, LF – by 37,7 %, HF – by 88,2 % as well as decrease in LF/HF by 28,2 % (p&lt;0,05), which testify to increase in general variability of heart rhythm, activation of parasympathetic regulation circuit, increase in functional capabilities and reserves of tested athletes organism.

The Role Of The Trainer In Developing The Skill Of Mental Perception Among High School Students And Its Effect On Improving Sports Performance Results

The Role Of The Trainer In Developing The Skill Of Mental Perception Among High School Students And Its Effect On Improving Sports Performance Results

The influence of uv radiation on health and professional activities of athletes

Currently, the problem of improving sports performance and increasing professional longevity is relevant, which is directly related to the indicators of physical performance and the prevention of diseases, including those of the musculoskeletal system that are common in athletes. Intense loads and muscle fatigue lead to a constant overstrain and increase the risk of injury and the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system in this professional group. The balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body is essential for ensuring the normal structure and function of the musculoskeletal system, and vitamin D plays a primary role in maintaining this balance. Recent studies aimed at researching the availability of vitamin D for athletes often reveal insufficiency and defi ciency of this vitamin. It is known that the main source of vitamin D is its formation in the skin by ultraviolet radiation; it is proved that even with prolonged and intense sunlight there is no overproduction, and therefore, no toxic eff ects associated with hypervitaminosis D. However, the effect of UV rays on the human body can lead to the development of skin malignancies, therefore, the use of sunscreens is necessary during insolation.