Improve Food Intake Research Articles

Akkermansia muciniphila ONE effectively ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Akermansia muciniphila shows promise as a next-generation probiotic, however, its beneficial regulatory effects on mice ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been extensively investigated. We used an Akkermansia muciniphila strain (AKK ONE) isolated from healthy human feces to study its effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Our results demonstrate that AKK ONE supplementation significantly improves food intake, weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) score, organ index, and tissue damage of colitis mice. AKK ONE notably improved intestinal barrier integrity by significantly enhancing expression of occludin and claudin-1. Additionally, AKK ONE reduced inflammation by down-regulating IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and up-regulating IL-10. In addition to reducing excessive inflammation, AKK ONE also increased the abundance of Akkermansia and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides. Furthermore, the AKK ONE intervention markedly increased SCFAs in cecal contents. AKK ONE may be a potential therapeutic agent for improving UC, based on the findings of this study.

Associations between food intake and psychosomatic symptoms in 16-year-old adolescents.

An increase in psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents has recently been reported. Few studies have examined the relation between food intake and psychosomatic symptoms. The aim was to study the association between food intake and overall psychosomatic burden and separate psychosomatic symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, we used data from 6248 girls and 7153 boys in south-east Sweden who turned 16 years of age during the academic years 2009/2010 to 2015/2016 and responded to a health questionnaire at the school health services. The association between overall healthy food intake and a low psychosomatic burden was calculated as odds ratios (95% confidence interval) and stratified for other lifestyle habits and gender. Sixty-nine per cent of the boys and 35% of the girls had a low psychosomatic burden. There was a positive association between an overall healthy food intake and a low psychosomatic burden (P<0.0001), regardless of other lifestyle habits and gender. An overall healthy food intake was also positively associated with a lower frequency of the separate psychosomatic symptoms of concentration difficulties, sleep difficulties, a poor appetite or dizziness (P<0.0001). A healthy food intake seems to be associated with a low psychosomatic burden among adolescents. Further knowledge is needed to explore whether an improved food intake can reduce psychosomatic symptoms and enhance mental health.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera indica Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Focus on Glycemic Control and Cholesterol Regulation

Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae family) is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties, encompassing antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study delves into the insulin-releasing and glucose-lowering potential of the ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica (EEMI) leaves in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (STZ-T2D) rats, concurrently investigating its phytoconstituents. EEMI’s effects on insulin secretion were measured using BRIN BD11 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Its enzymatic inhibitory properties on carbohydrate digestion, and absorption, and free radicals were investigated using in vitro methods. In vivo parameters including the lipid profile and liver glycogen content were assessed in STZ-T2D rats. EEMI exhibited a dose-dependent increase in insulin secretion from clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. EEMI inhibited starch digestion, glucose diffusion over time, and DPPH activity in vitro. In acute in vivo studies, EEMI improved food intake and oral glucose tolerance. Moreover, following 28 days of treatment with EEMI, a remarkable amelioration in body weight, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, liver glycogen content, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and HDL levels was observed. Further phytochemical analysis with EEMI identified the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and flavonoids. The synergistic effects of EEMI, potentially attributable to naturally occurring phytoconstituents, hold promise for the development of enriched antidiabetic therapies, offering a promising avenue for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Hubungan Status Gizi dan Asupan Mineral Kalsium terhadap Kejadian Dismenore pada Siswi MAN 3 Tulungagung

Dysmenorrhea is a health disorder in the form of pain that often occurs in women. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea according to WHO is 90%. Based on previous research, there are several factors that cause dysmenorrhea such as nutritional status and calcium mineral intake level. MAN 3 Tulungagung is an educational institution in Tanen village, precisely on Supriyadi Street, Tanen village, Kec. Rejotangan, Kab. Tulungagung, East Java. Based on a survey that was conducted, 57 female students (67%) experienced dysmenorrhea. Through this study, researcher wanted to know the relationship between nutritional status and calcium mineral intake with the incidence of dysmenorrhea in female students of MAN 3 Tulungagung. This study uses a case control design. Subjects who participated in this study were 40 female students with 20 female students in each group. Data analysis used the chi square test. Result based on the analysis that has been done, there is a significant relationship with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in female students of MAN 3 Tulungagung with a p-value = 0.034 or &lt;0.05, OR=7.364; CI:1.337-40.548. Then, there is a significant relationship between the level of calcium consumption and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in female students of MAN 3 Tulungagung with a p-value of 0.028* or &lt;0.05, OR=6.000; CI:1.082-33.274. Adolescents should improve food intake and physical activity to improve nutritional status and calcium intake. This is important so that dysmenorrhea can be avoided and a better quality of life.

Two plants improve stress response of a subterranean herbivore by downregulating amphetamine addiction pathways.

Captivity serves as the primary method for enhancing animal survival and productivity. However, the stress induced by confinement can hinder animal growth and reproduction. The administration of drugs to captive animals can effectively regulate their stress response and can also be used inartificial breeding, reproduction, and experimental animalization of wild species. The plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), a subterranean herbivore, experiences significant stress during the captive process owing to its unique habitat. In our study, we utilized Radix astragali (RA) and Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) extracts to intervene in the stress response of plateau zokors. Our findings demonstrated that RA and AS treatment considerably improved food intake and reduced weight loss, stress-related behavior, and stress hormone levels in plateau zokors. Furthermore, the excitatory pathway of amphetamine addition in the hypothalamus was suppressed by RA and AS treatment, acting through the Grin and Prkc gene families. Notably, after RA treatment, the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway, enriched by the Col1a1/3a1/1a2/6a1 gene, was significantly upregulated, potentially enhancing the immune function of captive plateau zokors. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that RA and AS treatment can effectively alleviate the stress response of plateau zokors in captive environments. The downregulation of the excitation pathway and upregulation of the immune pathway offer valuable insights into the response and potential mechanisms of plant-based drugs in mitigating animal stress.

An educative nutritional intervention supporting older hospital patients to eat sufficiently using eHealth: a mixed methods feasibility and pilot study

BackgroundInsufficient food intake is common in older hospital patients and increases the risk of readmission, mortality, and decline in functional status. To improve food intake in older patients, an eHealth solution (Food’n’Go) enabling them to participate in their own nutritional care was implemented in a hospital unit. We developed an educative nutritional intervention (ENI) to support hospitalized older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) to participate in their own nutritional care using Food’n’Go. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of the ENI and its potential to improve nutritional intake.MethodsFeasibility was evaluated using process evaluation, and nutritional intake was examined by using a pre- and post-test design. Assessment of feasibility: Contextual factors (availability of Food’n’Go and prevalence of counseling by a dietitian); Intervention fidelity (whether patients were informed of nutrition and Food’n’Go, and whether their needs for support were assessed); and Mechanism of impact (patients’ knowledge and skills related to nutrition and the use of Food’n’Go and their acceptance of the ENI). Assessment of nutritional intake: Patients’ intake of protein and energy based on one-day observations before implementation of the ENI (pre-test; n = 65) and after a three-month intervention (post-test; n = 65).ResultsFeasibility: Food’n’Go was available for more patients after the intervention (85 vs. 64%, p = .004). Most patients managed the use of Food’n’Go and were involved in ordering their food, but only a few monitored their food intake. Information on nutrition was not provided sufficiently to all patients. In general, the ENI had high acceptability among the patients. Nutritional intake: Compared to patients in the pre-test, patients in the post-test had a higher daily mean intake of energy (kJ) (6712 (SD: 2964) vs. 5660 (SD: 2432); difference 1052 (95% CI 111–1993)), and of protein (g) (60 (SD: 28) vs. 43 (SD: 19); difference 17 (95% CI 9–26)). Likewise, there was an increase in the mean attainment of protein requirements: 73% (SD: 34) vs. 59% (SD: 29) (p = .013).ConclusionThe ENI is feasible for supporting hospitalized older adults to participate in their own nutrition using eHealth and preliminary results indicate that it may lead to an increasing energy and protein intake.

A 43 year old male with Jaundice

Malnutrition and liver cirrhosis go hand in hand due to poor metabolic and detoxifying capacity of liver. Due to impaired liver function, patient is anorexic, portal hypertensive, altered mental state, nausea, jaundice, ascitis. These symptoms associated with liver diseases are enough to lead to malnutrition by poor food intake, maldigestion, malabsorption and impaired detoxification process. Present case was a 43 year old male suffering diagnosed with D-CLD with jaundice, ascitis, hepatic encephalopathy with comorbidities of type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism. He was grossly investigated for extent of liver function in terms of Child Turcotte Pugh and MELDna scores. Accordingly his medications were started. Simultaneously, the patient was assessed for his nutritional status, in which he was found moderately malnourished as evidenced by SGA rating B. Patient was motivated to improve food intake and given a lot of varieties in diet. Consequently his condition was improved drastically although permanent treatment was liver transplant for which workup has been started.

Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Alhagi honey and its protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis

The Alhagi honey polysaccharide (AHP) exhibits notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, positioning it as a promising candidate in traditional Chinese medicine. In this investigation, we successfully isolated and purified a neutral AHP, designated AHPN50-1a, subsequently elucidating its structural attributes. AHPN50-1a was found to have a molecular weight of 1.756 × 106 Da, featuring a structural motif characterized by a recurring (1→6)-α-GlcP linker. To comprehensively evaluate its therapeutic potential, we explored the protective effects of AHPN50-1 in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Administration of AHPN50-1 at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day resulted in improved food intake, increased body weight, and increased colon length in mice with acute colitis. Simultaneously, a reduction in the disease activity index and histological scores was observed. AHPN50-1 effectively mitigated colon tissue damage, down-regulated the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in colon tissue, restored intestinal microbiota diversity, and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of gut microbiota metabolites, thus alleviating intestinal inflammation in mice. In summary, our findings underscore the promise of AHPN50-1 as a valuable nutritional or dietary supplement for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory bowel disease.

L-Theanine alleviates heat stress through modulation of gut microbiota and immunity.

Heat stress (HS) damages the intestines, disrupting gut microbiota and immune balance. l-Theanine (LTA), found in tea, alleviates oxidative stress and cell apoptosis under HS; however, its effects on gut microbiota and immunity under HS remain unclear. To investigate this, we administered LTA doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 to C57BL/6J mice. On day 44, the model group and LTA intervention group were subjected to continuous 7-day HS treatment for 2 h per day. The results demonstrated that LTA intervention improved food intake, body weight, and intestinal epithelium, and reduced the water intake of heat-stressed mice. It increased the abundance of Turicibacter, Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium, and norank_f_Muribaculaceae, while reducing that of Lachnoclostridium and Desulfovibrio. LTA intervention also increased the concentrations of amino acid and lipid metabolites, regulated macrophage differentiation stimulated by gut microbiota and metabolites, reduced the antigen presentation by macrophages to the specific immune system, promoted B-cell differentiation and sIgA secretion, inhibited pro-inflammatory factors, and enhanced intestinal defense. Mechanistically, LTA downregulated heat shock protein 70 expression and the TLR4/NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, restoring gut microbiota and immune balance. We suggest that LTA can alleviate HS by modulating gut microbiota, metabolites, and immunity, indicating its potential as a natural active ingredient for anti-HS food products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Managing Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis by Dental Stem Cell Secretome

The potential therapeutic role of the Dental Pulp Stem Cells Secretome (SECR) in a rat model of experimentally induced Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Osteoarthritis (OA) was evaluated. Proteomic profiling of the human SECR under specific oxygen tension (5% O2) and stimulation with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) was performed. SECR and respective cell lysates (CL) samples were collected and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The identified proteins were analyzed with Bioinformatic tools. The anti-inflammatory properties of SECR were assessed via an in vitro murine macrophages model, and were further validated in vivo, in a rat model of chemically-induced TMJ-OA by weekly recording of the head withdrawal threshold, the food intake, and the weight change, and radiographically and histologically at 4- and 8-weeks post-treatment. SECR analysis revealed the presence of 50 proteins that were enriched and/or statistically significantly upregulated compared to CL, while many of those proteins were involved in pathways related to “extracellular matrix organization” and “immune system”. SECR application in vitro led to a significant downregulation on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (MMP-13, MMP-9, MMP-3 and MCP-1), while maintaining an increased expression of IL-10 and IL-6. SECR application in vivo had a significant positive effect on all the clinical parameters, resulting in improved food intake, weight, and pain suppression. Radiographically, SECR application had a significant positive effect on trabecular bone thickness and bone density compared to the saline-treated group. Histological analysis indicated that SECR administration reduced inflammation, enhanced ECM and subchondral bone repair and regeneration, thus alleviating TMJ degeneration.Graphical

Dietary supplementation of Patchouli oil increases the resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae infection in GIFT tilapia as revealed by transcriptome and 16s amplicon profiling

Large-scale disease outbreaks that caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (SA) infection have dramatically affected tilapia production worldwide. Patchouli oil (PO) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine in treating gastrointestinal symptoms and is considered to be a safe and efficient candidate to treat SA infection in tilapia. In this study, we first investigated the changes of intestinal microbiota and host responses in GIFT tilapia after a 28-day dietary supplementation of different concentrations of PO (basic diet, 5 μL PO/g diet, or 15 μL PO/g diet) and followed by SA infection using an integrative analysis of transcriptome and 16 S amplicon profiling. We observed that dietary supplementation of 5 μL PO/g diet improved food intake and growth in tilapia. Histopathological observation confirmed there were increased surface area of intestinal villi and generally decreased ROS as revealed by the MAD, GSH-PX, and T-SOD activities in the tilapia intestines in response to dietary PO supplementation. The intestinal microbial diversities and community structures were significantly affected, and the colonization of probiotics (e.g., Cetobacterium and clostridium_ sensu_stricto_1) in the mucosa was improved in the dietary PO groups. The relative abundance of Streptococcus (0.033%) in the 15 μL PO/g dietary group was much lower than that in the control group (basic diet; 0.86%). A large number of DEGs were enriched in the immune-related pathways, e.g., lysosomal lumen, MHC protein complex, and toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggested that dietary supplementation of PO enhanced intestinal physical barriers, increased the colonization of probiotic bacteria and improved intestinal immunity in tilapia. This provides novel knowledge on PO as a dietary supplement to improve intestinal health against SA invasion in tilapia.

Malnutrition in cancer patients: Causes, consequences and treatment options

Cancer patients are at a high risk of malnutrition and disease-associated catabolic derangements. It is important to differentiate between ‘simple’ – voluntary or involuntary - caloric restriction with protein-sparing ketogenic metabolic adaptation and cachexia, characterized by the combination of weight loss and dysmetabolism, most prominently systemic inflammation. While both conditions result in the sacrifice of fat and protein stores and thus impact on treatment tolerance, complication rates and survival, the presence of metabolic derangements is especially dangerous by straining multiple organ functions. To avoid underdiagnosing and undertreating malnutrition, all cancer patients should be routinely screened for nutritional risk. At-risk patients require comprehensive assessment for contributing and treatable causes and, if available, multi-professional efforts to improve food intake, support anabolism, alleviate distress and antagonize pro-inflammatory processes. In curative settings, anabolic support should accompany or even precede anticancer treatments. Prehabilitation before major surgery, has been studied extensively, including muscle training as well as nutritional and/or psychological support. Recent meta-analyses report a consistent benefit on functional capacity and possible improvement in postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. In palliative settings, prevailing catabolic derangements require careful assessment of the individual constellation of disturbed functions and an empathic evaluation of benefits and risks of nutritional interventions. This is of special relevance in patients with an expected survival of less than a few months. Due to the complex interactions of mechanical, metabolic and psychological factors, multi-professional teams should be involved.

Preclinical evidence evaluation of Xiaoyao san in treating chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression based on meta-analysis

BackgroundIn view of the current challenges in the treatment of depression, in order to improve the efficacy and avoid adverse reactions, people pay attention to the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Xiaoyao san is a classic prescription commonly used in the treatment of depression, with the role of harmonizing liver and spleen, and shows great potential in the treatment of depression. PurposeThe purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and specific mechanism of Xiaoyao san in the treatment of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression through systematic evaluation and meta-analysis, so as to provide strong preclinical evidence for the clinical treatment of Xiaoyao san and provide a new strategy for the development of antidepressants. MethodsThe preclinical literature published before March 2023 was searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CNKI, VMIS, Wan-Fang, and CBM and other database systems. Stata15 was used for overall effect analysis and subgroup analysis, and summarized the potential mechanism of action. ResultsA total of 25 studies were included, involving 569 animals. The average score of methodological quality was 7.48/10. Meta-analysis shows that Xiaoyao san can effectively improve food intake and body weight, restore sucrose consumption, reduce the immobility time in forced swimming, and increase the total exercise distance, grid crossing and upright times in the open field experiment. Its therapeutic effect is closely related to improving the abnormal activation of Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inhibiting the expression of glutamate. ConclusionTo sum up, in CUMS animal model, Xiaoyao san can significantly improve the symptoms of depression, restore the lost pleasure behavior and curiosity about the new environment, relieve tension and anxiety, and improve the occurrence of depression in many ways, which may be a new treatment strategy for CUMS model of depression.

Muscle transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the growth gap between fast- and slow-growing Sinocyclocheilus grahami.

Sinocyclocheilus grahami is an economically valuable and famous fish in Yunnan Province, China. However, given its slow growth (40g/2 years) and large growth differences among individuals, its growth performance needs to be improved for sustainable future use, in which molecular breeding technology can play an important role. In the current study, we conducted muscle transcriptomic analysis to investigate the growth gaps among individuals and the mechanism underlying growth within 14 fast- and 14 slow-growth S. grahami. In total, 1,647 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, including 947 up-regulated and 700 down-regulated DEGs in fast-growth group. Most DEGs were significantly enriched in ECM-receptor interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, amino acids biosynthesis and metabolism, peroxisome, and PPAR signaling pathway. Some genes related to glycogen degradation, glucose transport, and glycolysis (e.g., adipoq, prkag1, slc2a1, agl, pygm, pgm1, pfkm, gapdh, aldoa, pgk1, pgam2, bpgm, and eno3) were up-regulated, while some genes related to fatty acid degradation and transport (e.g., acox1, acaa1, fabp1b.1, slc27a1, and slc27a2) and amino acid metabolism (e.g., agxt, shmt1, glula, and cth) were down-regulated in the fast-growth group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified col1a1, col1a2, col5a1, col6a2, col10a1, col26a1, bglap, and krt15 as crucial genes for S. grahami growth. Several genes related to bone and muscle growth (e.g., bmp2, bmp3, tgfb1, tgfb2, gdf10, and myog) were also up-regulated in the fast-growth group. These results suggest that fast-growth fish may uptake adequate energy (e.g., glucose, fatty acid, and amino acids) from fodder, with excess energy substances used to synthesize collagen to accelerate bone and muscle growth after normal life activities are maintained. Moreover, energy uptake may be the root cause, while collagen synthesis may be the direct reason for the growth gap between fast- and slow-growth fish. Hence, improving food intake and collagen synthesis may be crucial for accelerating S. grahami growth, and further research is required to fully understand and confirm these associations.

Health Education Program for Improving of Food Intake of Breakfast and Vegetables Consumption: A Quasi Experiment among Elementary School Students in Indonesia

Objective - Undernutrition among elementary school students is too high in Indonesia. Elementary students in the Indonesian context have many problems in daily breakfast and vegetable consumption. Therefore, health education programs to improve their nutritional status should be conducted in context. Further, this study sought to examine a health education program using a SIMON Comic with an emic Papua approach for improving food intake of breakfast and vegetables among elementary school students in Indonesia.Method - A quasi-experimental study design with a pre-test-post-test control group was performed on 60 elementary school students (30 in the intervention and 30 in the control group). The intervention group received the comic for one month. Meanwhile, the control group received a leaflet. Food intake of breakfast and vegetable were measured using a self-administred questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Data were analysed using the independent T-Test.Results - The SIMON comic with an emic Papua approach significantly increased students’ knowledge about improving breakfast and vegetable consumption, P-value = 0.001). However, there was no significant attitude and practice change between comic and leaflet groups in breakfast and vegetables consumption (P-value&gt;0.05).Conclusion - The SIMON Comic with an emic Papua approach improved knowledge of students about breakfast and vegetable consumption. Therefore, health education for elementary students using this comic should be implemented in the school curriculum.

Loganin improves chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and neurochemical dysfunction.

Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., is a valuable herb commonly used in Chinese medicine clinics. Loganin is a major iridoid glycoside obtained from the traditional Chinese herb Corni Fructus. Loganin, which has been shown to improve depression-like behavior in mice exposed to acute stress, is probably a potential antidepressant candidate. Loganin was evaluated for its effect on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depressive-like mice, and its action mechanisms were explored. ICR mice were subjected to the CUMS stimulation method to induce depression. The therapeutic effect of loganin on depressive-like behavior was evaluated by a series of behavioral tests such as sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open-field test (OFT). In addition, the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were measured using ELISA. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus were measured using western blot analysis. The results showed that CUMS induced depressive-like behaviors in mice, as indicated by behavioral tests. Administration of loganin increased the sucrose preference in SPT, as well as decreased the immobility time in FST and TST. Loganin could also improve food intake, and increased crossing times in the OFT. In mechanism, loganin restored the secretion of monoamine neurotransmitters, ACTH and CORT to normal levels. In addition, loganin elevated the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. In conclusion, loganin exerts antidepressant-like effects in CUMS model mice through modulating monoamine neurotransmitters, ACTH, CORT and BDNF. Loganin effectively ameliorated depressive-like symptoms in CUMS-exposed mice by increasing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels, alleviating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, and increasing BDNF expression. In conclusion, the findings of the current study extensive evidence for the application of loganin in stress-associated disorders, specifically targeting depression.

Anandamide improves food intake and orexinergic neuronal activity in the chronic sleep deprivation induction model in rats by modulating the expression of the CB1 receptor in the lateral hypothalamus

Sleep deprivation alters orexinergic neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which is the main regulator of sleep-wake, arousal, appetite, and energy regulation processes. Cannabinoid receptor (CBR) expression in this area is involved in modulating the function of orexin neurons. In this study, we investigated the effects of endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) administration on improving food intake and appetite by modulating the activity of orexin neurons and CB1R expression after chronic sleep deprivation. Adult male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into three groups: control + vehicle (Control), chronic sleep deprivation + vehicle (SD), and chronic sleep deprivation +20 mg/kg AEA (SD + A). For SD induction, the rats were kept in a sleep deprivation device for 18 h (7 a.m. to 1 a.m.) daily for 21 days. Weight gain, food intake, the electrical power of orexin neurons, CB1R mRNA expression in hypothalamus, CB1R protein expression in the LH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 levels and antioxidant activity in hypothalamus were measured after SD induction. Our results showed that AEA administration significantly improved food intake (p < 0.01), Electrical activity of orexin neurons (p < 0.05), CB1R expression in the hypothalamus (p < 0.05), and IL-4 levels (p < 0.05). AEA also reduced mRNA expression of OX1R and OX2R (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively), also IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01) and MDA level (p < 0.05) in hypothalamic tissue. As a consequence, AEA modulates orexinergic system function and improves food intake by regulating the expression of the CB1 receptor in the LH in sleep deprived rats.

Abstract 1162: Ketogenic diet promotes tumor ferroptosis but induces relative corticosterone deficiency that accelerates cachexia

Abstract The dependency of cancer cells on glucose can be targeted with high-fat low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD). However, hepatic ketogenesis is suppressed in IL-6 producing cancers, which prevents the utilization of this nutrient source as energy for the organism. In two IL-6 associated murine models of cancer cachexia we describe delayed tumor growth but accelerated onset of cancer cachexia and shortened survival when mice are fed KD. Mechanistically, we find this uncoupling is a consequence of the biochemical interaction of two simultaneously occurring NADPH-dependent pathways. Within the tumor, increased production of lipid peroxidation products (LPPs) and, consequently, saturation of the glutathione (GSH) system leads to ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Systemically, redox imbalance and NADPH depletion impairs the biosynthesis of corticosterone, the main regulator of metabolic stress, in the adrenal glands. Administration of dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid, improves food intake, normalizes glucose homeostasis and utilization of nutritional substrates, delays onset of cancer cachexia and extends survival of tumor-bearing mice fed KD, while preserving reduced tumor growth. Our study highlights that the outcome of systemic interventions cannot necessarily be extrapolated from the effect on the tumor alone, but that they have to be investigated for anti-cancer and host effects. These findings may be relevant to clinical research efforts that investigate nutritional interventions such as KD in patients with cancer. Citation Format: Miriam Ferrer, Nicholas Mourikis, Emma E. Davidson, Sam O. Kleeman, Marta Zaccaria, Jill Habel, Rachel Rubino, Thomas R. Flint, Claire M. Connell, Michael J. Lukey, Eileen P. White, Anthony P. Coll, Ashok R. Venkitaraman, Tobias Janowitz. Ketogenic diet promotes tumor ferroptosis but induces relative corticosterone deficiency that accelerates cachexia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1162.

The Food4Years Ageing Network: Improving foods and diets as a strategy for supporting quality of life, independence and healthspan in older adults.

By 2050, it is predicted that one in four people in the United Kingdom will be aged 65 years and over. Increases in lifespan are not always translated into years spent in good health. Incidence rates for chronic diseases are increasing, with treatments allowing people to live longer with their disease. There is good evidence to support changes to lifestyle to maintain or improve body composition, cognitive health, musculoskeletal health, immune function and vascular health in older adults. Much research has been done in this area, which has produced significant support for foods and nutrients that contribute to improved healthspan. Yet two major barriers remain: firstly, older adult consumers are not meeting current UK recommendations for macro- and micronutrients that could benefit health and quality of life and secondly, the UK-specific recommendations may not be sufficient to support the ageing population, particularly for nutrients with key physiological roles. More work is needed to improve intakes of specific foods, diets and nutrients by older adults, through a variety of mechanisms including (i) development of specific food products; (ii) improved clarity of information and (iii) appropriate marketing, and policy changes to enable incentives. The Food4Years Ageing Network aims to build a wide-reaching and multidisciplinary community that is committed to the development, integration and communication of healthy, affordable foods and specific diets for all older adults across the UK food landscape. The Network will identify evidence-based strategies for improving food intake and nutrition in older adults, paving the way to "living well while living longer."

PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION OF STUNTING IN INDONESIA: A SCOPING REVIEW

Introduction. Stunting manifests chronic nutritional deficiency that can begin in the baby in the womb and after birth. This study identifies and describes various stunting prevention and management efforts reported in the literature in Indonesia. This study was to obtain an overview of the prevention and efforts to treat stunting; it is hoped that it will produce the best efficacy information and can be scientifically accounted for so that it can be applied as a national policy in Indonesia. Methods. We reviewed Indonesian and English articles published between 2018 and 2022 through ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar search data engines. The search generated 2,454 articles. All selected studies were systematically evaluated and screened based on title, open access, and full text related to the research objectives. Finally, 10 articles were included in the learning. Stunting prevention and intervention efforts are identified from the selected articles and presented in the extraction table. The final conclusion is made based on the types of intervention from the articles obtained. Results. The results showed that there were 2 types of interventions to overcome stunting in toddlers, namely preventive and curative. Preventive intervention is carried out by conducting health education, mentoring and counselling for families, mothers, and caregivers of stunting toddlers, while curative interventions are provided by improving food intake and adding nutrients. Conclusion. This study describes a variety of stunting prevention and interventions that have been reported in the literature. Further research on the management of stunting with comorbidities is needed because stunting children are a population at risk for complications.