Important Stakeholders Research Articles

“I don’t watch that anymore”: an analysis of online comments by German soccer fans on their relationship to their favored clubs

IntroductionSoccer fans are important stakeholders of their favored clubs; yet, although there is manifold literature on this subject, there are still open questions concerning supporters’ relationship and loyalty to those clubs, such as potential fan exits, where supporters turn away from their preferred team. Existing literature describes diverging evidence as to whether an exit is possible and whether fans’ loyalty prevents that response. Against this background, it is important to examine how the relationship between fans and soccer clubs presents itself from the fans’ perspective. This study focuses on German soccer fans because an increasing number of media reports note problems for the fans in this regard, reporting eroded loyalty, increasing alienation, or turning away.MethodsBy means of a qualitative and explorative approach (thematic analysis), this study analyzes online fan comments associated with the mentioned reports. A purposive sample of 17 media reports with 10,902 associated comments written/published between 2020 and 2023 was included in this study.ResultsThe thematic analysis show that fans reflect their relationship to favored clubs in three ways: negative changes in the emotional relationship, negative behavioral changes in the relationship, and no or positive changes in the relationship. A wide continuum of negative emotional and behavioral changes is identified, ranging from a deterioration of the inner bond with the favored club to different levels of ceasing soccer-related consumption. As explanations for the (potential) dynamics and changes in the relationship, fans reflect a broad and diverse field of developments in the context of German soccer. The differentiated developments are systemized within four categories: commercialization, governance, attractiveness, and the COVID-19 pandemic.DiscussionThe results are discussed and contextualized referring to the Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Framework and thematically relevant literature. Particularly far-reaching is the finding that there are indeed fans in the field of soccer who are capable of permanently abandoning (exiting) formerly supported clubs. The article concludes with theoretical and managerial implications emerging from the results, as well as limitations and areas of interest for further research.

Sustainable performance among power companies in Uganda: role of stakeholder orientation, human capital, regulatory governance, and management control systems

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the connections between the regulatory governance, human capital, stakeholder orientation, management control systems (MCSs) and sustainable performance (SP) of power companies. The authors especially looked at how much regulatory governance, human capital, stakeholder orientation and MCSs affect the SP across power companies in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachThis is a cross-sectional and correlational study. Data were collected from 105 power companies using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS.FindingsStakeholder orientation, MCSs, human capital and regulatory governance significantly predict variances in the SP of power providers in Uganda. Stakeholder orientation is the most important predictor of SP of power companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe absence of validation from important stakeholders and the major reliance on company-provided data in existing research on SP raises the possibility of self-desirability bias. To evaluate and verify the information supplied by firms with external stakeholders, further studies might consider using an explanatory mixed methods technique, in which quantitative data are initially gathered from the managers of power companies and analysed and then validated by interviews with important stakeholders.Originality/valueUsing stakeholder, legitimacy and resource-based theories has provided a better explanation for SP which is a multi-dimensional notion. Moreover, the study adds to the body of perception-based research that offers direct management incentives for SP. The perspectives of managers have been gathered through the use of self-administered questionnaires to gather impressions of managers of businesses, which has helped to tap into all aspects of SP. The study’s results offer, probably for the first time to the best of the authors’ knowledge, evidence of the contextual elements that affect SP in African nations like Uganda particularly in the power sector.

Impact of emerging sustainable aircraft technologies on the existing operating ecosystem

Emerging sustainable aircraft technologies—such as sustainable aviation fuel, electric and hydrogen propulsion—are expected to play a major role in the decarbonization of the aviation sector. Nevertheless, at present, the exact impact that their deployment will have on the existing operating ecosystem is not yet clear. To shed some light on this area, this paper adopts an exploratory research approach based on the collection of impact assessments through semi-structured interviews with domain experts. In particular, we involve 22 individuals affiliated with the most important stakeholders in the European and American aviation industries, including airlines, airports, aircraft and engine manufacturers, fuel producers, government agencies, universities and research centers, and aviation industry experts. Our results, that are presented in the form of spider charts and tables, provide an exhaustive and comprehensive picture of all the impacts that the examined technologies are expected to have on airline operations, airport operations, and airside airport infrastructure. What emerges is that SAF, even if used in high percentages, is anticipated to have a fairly marginal effect. In contrast, electric and hydrogen aircraft propulsion are foreseen to be much more disruptive, having a similar medium-to-high impact on many operations and parts of the airport infrastructure. In light of this finding, we propose the development of multi-technology airport infrastructural assets as a solution not only for the possible onset of lock-in effects but also for the chicken and egg dilemma currently affecting the sector.

EVALUATING PROGRAMS WITH OLDER ADULTS AND CAREGIVERS AS PARTNERS IN PATIENT EDUCATION

Abstract The Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program at the University of North Texas Health Science Center has several programs where patients, older adults, caregivers and healthcare stakeholders are incorporated directly into the educational experience or provide feedback to inform the design of educational programs. In addition to the program design, there are evaluation considerations related to incorporating these important stakeholders to best capture the impact of this group. The goal of evaluation research has become more and more important in program design, especially with interdisciplinary programs and programs involving multiple stakeholder groups. Evaluation research is the assessment of outcomes and information that will inform future decision making. These stakeholders are important partners and have an important impact on program design and research outcomes, which is something that should be measured along the way. The University of North Texas Health Science Center Community Advisory Council, Infection Control Advocate and Resident Education (ICARE), Dementia Education, and Seniors Assisting in Geriatric Education are programs that will be included in this evaluation discussion. For these projects, we included evaluation components to keep the patient’s voice at the center of education planning, delivery, and improvement. This presentation will discuss the evaluation of impact in these programs, discuss barriers to measurement, and report early results. One key finding is the lack of systematic measurement tools available and the need for additional tools that can be used across settings where patients are part of the education program design.

THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF MUZARA’AH IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: A FEASIBILITY STUDY AMONG YOUTHS

Covid-19 without doubt has tested the resilience of many sectors including the food sector. Shortage of food supply during the pandemic due to logistics has heightened measures and awareness of governments across the globe. One of the many mitigation proposed by the government of Brunei Darussalam was to kick start the involvement of more local entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector. Several efforts were made by the government including the pilot programme whereby potential individuals were given plot of lands, up to 7,000 hectares of gazetted land for agricultural development (Wasil, 2019). The allocation of lands was also timely to pick up the rising rate of unemployment in Brunei at the rate of 7.4% in 2022 alone after and during the onset of Covid-19 (CSPS, 2022). However, criteria for the pilot programme available for example having a successful registered business with a steady stream of cashflow and having the expertise in agriculture may hinder both the progress of the sector and youth’s employability prospects, as well as wastage of the allocated lands. This study investigates the potential application of muzara’ah, a traditional Islamic contract used in agriculture to be used in Brunei Darussalam among youths. The study aims at investigating the feasibility through documentation analysis as well as semi-structures interviews with youths as one of the important stakeholders for the improvement of the agricultural sector. The study projects a positive acceptance of muzara’ah among the youths as they see bigger opportunities in using the contract if coupled with the pilot scheme for agriculture development. The research suggests further collaboration between government and institutional agencies involved with local agripreneurs to better understand and open further opportunities using the muzara’ah contract for application.

Risk perception as a barrier to renewable energy finance – a study of debt investors in the Indian context

PurposeThis study aims to explore the perceptions of investors regarding the risks associated with funding renewable energy projects in India, as well as the various factors that influence these perceptions. The investigation is limited to debt providers and seeks to pinpoint the primary risks that bankers perceive and the drivers that shape these perceptions.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on interviews and surveys of Indian bank executives, investigating how finance providers perceive risks in the Indian context and the factors driving such perceptions. Qualitative interviews have been used for operationalizing “risk perception” within the renewable energy domain, followed by a quantitative survey and exploratory factor analysis.FindingsThe authors find that experience and capacity are the most important factors that account for 30% of the overall variance. The second factor, which accounts for 15% of the variance, includes the perceived risks in funding renewable energy projects as compared to infrastructure projects. Among individual risks, the authors find that bankers perceive technological risk to be the lowest (5%) and contractual and regulatory risks as the highest (66%) in renewable energy projects.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contextualizes risk perception toward renewable energy investments in the Indian context by drawing from the risk perception literature and qualitative interviews with senior bankers. It presents empirical evidence on the decision-making behavior of bankers, who are important stakeholders of the renewable energy ecosystem. The main limitation of the study is the relatively small sample, and generalizing the results to the broader population might require a larger sample. This will facilitate the use of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, which can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of risk perceptions in renewables financing.Originality/valueInsights gained can be used to provide policy recommendations for improving the financing ecosystem of renewable energy projects. The research significantly contributes to the extant literature within the renewable energy financing domain for emerging economies.

Just transition away from coal: Vulnerability analysis of coal districts in India

India as an important stakeholder in climate action, indicates a rapid transition in its energy system and phasing out of coal. However, coal being a critical component in its energy basket for energy security and energy poverty, phasing out will have multiple socio-economic implications at local level. Inclusion of justice in transition away from coal needs to account for the vulnerability of coal-dependent regions and identify trade-offs and synergies between developmental policies and climate change mitigation. The study attempts to understand how the burden of coal phase out is distributed across districts through vulnerability index. The analysis of socio-economic indicators gives a comprehensive picture of the vulnerability and the capacity of the district to adapt to the transition. The results shows that the vulnerability to coal phase out is highly regional and concentrated to the top 10 districts on the vulnerability index. The micro analysis of the indicators shows that, while coal revenue contributes positively to the national economy and state economy, at the local (district) level fiscal dependency of coal is limited to high coal dependent districts. The study contributes to developmental policies and framing of India's just coal transition policy. The study suggests that coal phased out also presents an opportunity to rebuild the vulnerable districts.

Crisis leadership in Sigmoid Group: proactiveness for business continuity

Learning outcomes After completion of the case study, students will be able to describe the crisis types and the various phases in mapping a crisis and outline appropriate actions during each phase; identify stakeholders in the context of change management initiatives and map them through their power, influence and interest needs; identify the needs and resistance present in change management initiatives through the systems-thinking perspective; recognize the leadership competencies for an effective crisis management approach; and identify the way to conduct challenging conversations with important stakeholders whose support and influence are required. Case overview/synopsis Stella Fernandez, the vice president of human resources management in a family-managed business organization, was disturbed by the media reports on rising number of cases of COVID-19 infection in India during the first week of March 2020. She thought that a continued rise in the number of infection cases could affect the business continuity as well as the safety of the employees. In her opinion, a faster introduction of a work-from-home policy could help to reduce the impact of the potential crisis. Fernandez understood that without the senior management team’s consent, she could not drive the information technology team to implement the work-from-home measure. However, she felt that there could be challenges in convincing the senior management team, who did not treat this outbreak to be of grave importance. Anticipating the unfavourable reaction, Fernandez planned her approach carefully by identifying and convincing influential members to support this change management initiative; nevertheless, to her dismay, her meticulous plan failed to convince the powerful members of the team, who continued to resist the change proposed by her. Disappointed and surprised by their reaction, Fernandez wondered what she could have done to make the senior management team to accept her proposal. Complexity academic level This case study is designed for use in undergraduate- or graduate-level programmes. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.

The Role of the University of Rijeka Library in the Promotion of Open Science

This paper analyses the concept of open science and the role of the University of Rijeka Library in the context of preconditions to implement open science in practice, raising awareness, and conducting scientific research in an open and collaborative way.
 Promoting advances in science and the dissemination of knowledge for the benefit of society, with development and focus based on relevant national and European Union documents, and strongly supporting the view that scientific information and research data produced in the course of publicly funded scientific activities must have open access, the University of Rijeka adopted the Open Science Policy of the University of Rijeka in September 2021. In order to get actively involved in the implementation of the Open Science Policy, the University of Rijeka Library has established the Centre for Open Science and Management of Scientific Information. The Open Science Centre continuously works on raising awareness and strengthening the knowledge of the University’s research stakeholders about the significance of open scientific information and research data as the key research outcome.
 Based on a case study of the University of Rijeka Library, the objective of this paper is to present the role of an academic library as an important stakeholder in providing support to open up the entire research process and implementation of open science practices. The article gives a comprehensive overview of the activities carried out by the University of Rijeka Library together with the University of Rijeka to achieve openness of scientific research through the active inclusion of all research stakeholders.
 This kind of presentation of good practice may serve other academic and university libraries as an example of different ways in which they can foster open science in the environment in which they are active.

A study of pre-analytical errors in a public hospital biochemistry laboratory according to their causes and units

The clinical laboratory is an important stakeholder in the patient management process with a direct impact on patient care by providing evidence and data for diagnosis and treatment. Identifying reliable quality indicators in clinical laboratories is an important step in enabling users to measure the quality of laboratory service. Any error in the pre-analytical process affects other processes and jeopardizes patient safety. This study aimed to examine the number of specimen rejections in clinical laboratories, their reasons, and their range according to the departments. The study was a descriptive retrospective study. The population of the study consisted of samples rejected from the Biochemistry Laboratory of a teaching and research hospital in 2021. Data were analyzed using percentage and frequency analysis. The study recommends that practices to minimize errors in the pre-analytical process should be carried out urgently by the management and a training plan for sample collection should established. Keywords: Clot; hemolysis; patient safety; pre-analytical process; sample rejection.

Accounting as a means to legitimacy: the case of internally generated intangibles

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the norms that underlie and condition the decisions made by preparers of financial reports. Design/methodology/approach This interview-based study illustrates how financial report preparers engage in behaviors linked to the perception of recognition and measurement of internally generated intangible assets by important stakeholders. All of the companies included in the study adhere to International Financial Reporting Standards when creating their consolidated financial statements. The participants selected for the study are involved in accounting decisions related to research and development in accordance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38. Findings The authors identify the normative assumptions underlying the recognition and measurement of internally generated intangibles, which are based on concerns of consistency, credibility and reasonableness. The authors find that the normative basis for legitimacy in financial accounting is primarily related to cognitive legitimacy and is not of a moral or pragmatic nature. Originality/value The study reveals that recognition and measurement of internally generated intangibles in financial accounting relate to legitimacy. The authors identify specific norms that form the basis of this legitimacy, namely, consistency, credibility and reasonableness. These identified norms serve as constraints, mitigating the risk of judgment misuse within the IAS 38 framework for earnings management.

Human-centred artificial intelligence in the banking sector

Changes in technology have shaped how corporate and retail businesses have evolved, alongside the customers’ preferences. The advent of smart digital devices and social media has shaped how consumers interact and transact with their financial institutions over the past two decades. With the rapid evolution of new technologies and customers’ growing preference for digital engagement with financial institutions, organisations need to adopt and align with emerging technologies that support speed, accuracy, efficiency and security in a user-friendly manner. Today, consumers want hyper-personalised interactions that are more frequent and proactive. Moreover, financial institutions have a growing need to cater to consumers’ new demands. Financial institutions, such as banks, continuously adapt to the latest technologies to keep pace with evolving customer behaviours, needs and experiences. One such emerging technology is artificial intelligence (AI). Many organisations realise the potential of AI. A human-centred AI system, however, must be capable of understanding human characteristics and making decisions like humans. This paper aims to help banks understand the importance of deriving and processing customer emotions from the unstructured data captured from various omnichannels to develop full-fledged human-centred AI-enabled products and services, with emphasis on practising a co-development mindset between the important stakeholders (banks, IT vendors and focus groups). In addition, the paper proposes a framework for banks to adopt and stay competent on the digital transformation journey.

The Brand Value of Earnings: An Event Study of Consumer Responses to Earnings Announcements

ABSTRACT We provide evidence from the first short-window event study of consumers’ perceptual responses to earnings announcements using daily consumer perception data. We document a positive association between the change in consumers’ overall perceptions of a brand at the time of the earnings announcement and the earnings surprise—that is, a positive consumer earnings response coefficient (CERC). CERC is larger when there is greater traditional news or social media activity, indicating that news dissemination is an important channel for consumers to respond to earnings news. Moreover, CERC varies based on brand and consumer characteristics. Changes in consumer perceptions at the time of the earnings announcement are positively associated with changes in purchase consideration and intent and with changes in realized future sales growth. To maximize identification, we document a positive and statistically significant CERC in a controlled experiment. Our findings demonstrate the importance of earnings to an important stakeholder. Data Availability: Data are available from the sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: M31; M41; G14.

US Inflation Analysis and Forecast Based on US-China Trade Perspective

Since the US initiated the trade war and sought the decoupling of trade between China and the US, the US economic and financial situation has taken a sharp turn and inflation has remained high. So, this article studied the inflation analysis of the United States from the perspective of Sino-US trade and made a forecast. This paper constructs an ARIMAX model to empirically analyze the relationship between US-China trade and US inflation. The study shows that there is a significant positive correlation between China's export price index and the US CPI, which shows that China and the US are important stakeholders of each other. Because the United States is one of the largest economies, its economic development is of great significance to the world economic pattern and affects the whole world. Through the economic and trade cooperation between China and the United States, the inflation rate of the United States will be reduced, and the economic growth of the United States will be promoted.

Review and discussion of recent publications on underwater noise from shipping

The IMO is currently deliberating on revisions to the Guidelines for the reduction of underwater noise from commercial shipping. To shed light on the knowledge base that these deliberations are based on, and the views of important stakeholders, state-of-the-art papers on the issue of underwater shipping noise and mitigation of impacts on marine life through design, engineering and operational measures were reviewed in this project. These are the same publications that have been selected by the IMO to guide their deliberations in the latest round. This paper summarizes the current progress at the IMO, including the revised guidelines and proposed revisions by Japan, and puts it into context with the reviewed publications. Thirty-six papers on mitigation methods, modeling, measurement techniques and ecosystem impacts were reviewed. It is concluded that the most appropriate guidelines for many stakeholders would consist of: 1) clear procedures and instructions for setting and adhering to target noise level, 2) identifying measurement procedures, 3) numerical modeling, and 4) monitoring plan to achieve the goal. Based on the results of the paper review, we discuss future research approaches to establish useful guidelines.

Career course, coach, and cohort framework: A design thinking approach to enhance career self-efficacy

Prior studies show students' career self-efficacy (CSE) significantly impacts their employability. This study utilized a design thinking approach to identify various stakeholders and perceived self-efficacy enablers and barriers among MBA students in India. Six student groups participated in the design thinking workshop and collected responses from 125 students. The most important stakeholders, barriers, and enablers of career self-efficacy in different MBA student segments were identified. The 3C (Career Course, Coach, and Cohort) framework of intervention strategies was proposed under the context of the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). It was conceptualized that these intervention strategies would mediate the association between the learning experience and self-efficacy expectations. This paper has practical implications for management instructors and administrators who can implement the intervention techniques suggested in the study to enhance the CSE of MBA students in their colleges.

Period Poverty from a Public Health and Legislative Perspective

Period poverty is a global issue that needs to be addressed as a public health crisis. It is directly related to Sustainable Health Goals three, four, five, six, and eight. Period poverty adversely affects the health of anyone capable of menstruating, which is nearly half of the world population, at the physiological, emotional, and psychosocial level. Biases, cultural beliefs, ethical reproductive justice issues, social stigma, and systemic factors contribute to period poverty. Every month, certain menstruators are disproportionately impacted by period poverty and struggle to access basic hygienic necessities. Important stakeholders include not only the individual who experiences menses but also educators and school systems, healthcare professionals, policymakers, public health officials, and researchers. Everyone has a role in addressing period poverty by voting for officials that proactively support legislation, policy, and programs at all levels to effectively advocate for menstrual equity and address barriers contributing to period poverty. This includes policies that increase access to menstrual hygiene products, safe menstrual management methods, and reproductive and women’s health education. Programs globally that focus on capacity building and sustainability strategies can be used as models to reduce period poverty, thereby fostering a sense of empowerment and menstruators’ sense of autonomy, dignity, and equality.

Disseminating health research to public health policy-makers and practitioners: a survey of source, message content and delivery modality preferences

BackgroundUnderstanding the views of policy-makers and practitioners regarding how best to communicate research evidence is important to support research use in their decision-making.AimTo quantify and describe public health policy-makers and practitioners’ views regarding the source, content and form of messages describing public health research findings to inform their decision-making. We also sought to examine differences in preferences between public health policy-makers and practitioners.MethodsA cross sectional, value-weighting survey of policy-makers and practitioners was conducted. Participants were asked to allocate a proportion of 100 points across different (i) sources of research evidence, (ii) message content and (iii) the form in which evidence is presented. Points were allocated based on their rating of influence, usefulness and preference when making decisions about health policy or practice.ResultsA total of 186 survey responses were received from 90 policy-makers and 96 practitioners. Researchers and government department agencies were the most influential source of research evidence based on mean allocation of points, followed by knowledge brokers, professional peers and associations. Mean point allocation for perceived usefulness of message content was highest for simple summary of key findings and implications, and then evidence-based recommendations and data and statistical summaries. Finally, based on mean scores, policy-makers and practitioners preferred to receive research evidence in the form of peer-reviewed publications, reports, evidence briefs and plain language summaries. There were few differences in scores between policy-makers and practitioners across source, message content or form assessments or those with experience in different behavioural areas.ConclusionsThe findings should provide a basis for the future development and optimization of dissemination strategies to this important stakeholder group.

Nursing Professionals' Awareness of Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance in an Institute of National Importance in India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Globally, there is a growing concern about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as they can lead to increased hospital admissions and healthcare expenses, lower patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes, and even fatalities. Pharmacovigilance is crucial for minimizing the risks associated with drug therapy, but underreporting of ADRs is a prevalent issue. Nursing professionals are an important stakeholder in ADR reporting, as they are often the first point of contact for patients to identify and report adverse drug reactions. Objectives The objectives of the study were to evaluate the knowledge and practices of nursing professionals regarding ADR reporting in a tertiary care teaching institute and the factors influencing their knowledge of ADR reporting. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study involving 275 nursing officers at AIIMS Raebareli, who gave their informed consent and completed a questionnaire on demographics, knowledge, and practice domains. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to compare independent variables' influences on knowledge scores. SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Results The study revealed that the mean knowledge score was 6.378 (total score of 13), with a standard deviation of 2.299 (95% CI 6.10-6.65). About 50.18% of the participants had a knowledge score below 6.5. Multiple regression analysis revealed that working experience, female gender, working in an emergency department, and previous training on ADR reporting significantly influenced the knowledge scores. Conclusion The study found that nursing professionals had limited awareness about ADR reporting, even though they worked at an Institute of National Importance. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there is a need for improved education and training on ADR reporting and to address barriers to reporting, such as a lack of awareness about reporting procedures, and alleviate the fear of legal consequences.

Sustaining lean changes: the influence and significance of different change sustainability factors in maturing lean change programmes

PurposePrevious research has identified factors that enable lean change to be sustained. What remains unknown is how the interaction effects amongst these factors vary as lean change programmes mature. When are particular factors at their most influential?Design/methodology/approachUsing a data and investigator triangulated qualitative research strategy, this paper tests an a priori model of change sustainability factors. In phase one, the research reveals the influence and significance of the model's change sustainability factors within 13 manufacturers. In phase two, four factors (Leadership, Political, Individual and Managerial) were selected for in-depth case study analyses in three manufacturers.FindingsThese point to when in the lean change, certain factors have the most influence on its sustainability. The Leadership factor and political factor are essential at the beginning and remain influential throughout. Employees' individual commitment (Individual factor) is significant in sustaining the change but it is at its most influential in the later stages. The Managerial factor (management approach) is influential in the mature stages of the programme.Practical implicationsRecognising where to put maximum focus during a lean change programme as it matures is crucial for management.Originality/valueSustaining lean change has not been studied from the perspective of what factors need to be emphasised at different stages in the programme for successful maturity to occur. Through empirical validation, this study helps address this knowledge gap.Quick value overviewInteresting because – Researchers have found that the majority of lean implementations fail – changes to structures and working practices are made only to see the gains dissipate. Previous research has suggested that multiple factors including leadership, culture and politics influence the change towards a lean organisation. While studies have shown that such factors play a role, what has not been studied is the time, that is, when the factors influence the change process. This study investigated when 11 factors have the most influence on lean implementation. Theoretical value – The study extends the state-of-the-art understanding of implementation of lean in organisations by adding a time element. It is found that in order to have a change that is sustainable, that is, lasting at least 18 months, factors that indicate the importance to the organisation are influential during the entire implementation process. This includes how central the change is to the organisation, the influence of leadership that sets vision and goals, and the implementation methods. Factors that can set things in motion such as the influence of important stakeholders are important at the beginning of the implementation process but then decline in influence over time. While factors that seem to have to do more with how companies operate have less influence at the start but become more influential over time. These include employees' commitment, the managerial style and approach, the organisational policies and structure, and the organisational culture. Practical value – Introducing lean into an organisation and gaining its sustained benefits is often not successful. While factors have previously been identified that influence the success of lean implementation, this study provides additional practical insight. It helps manufacturers be more effective by pinpointing which factors should be focused on during the various stages of the implementation process.