Health Implications Research Articles

The impact of neuroinflammation on neuronal integrity.

Neuroinflammation, characterized by a complex interplay among innate and adaptive immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), is crucial in responding to infections, injuries, and disease pathologies. However, the dysregulation of the neuroinflammatory response could significantly affect neurons in terms of function and structure, leading to profound health implications. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the relationship between neuroinflammatory processes and alterations in neuronal integrity, the specific implications concerning both structure and function have not been extensively covered, with the exception of perspectives on glial activation and neurodegeneration. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted interactions among neurons and key inflammatory players, exploring mechanisms through which inflammation influences neuronal functionality and structural integrity in the CNS. Further, it will discuss how these inflammatory mechanisms lead to impairment in neuronal functions and architecture and highlight the consequences caused by dysregulated neuronal functions, such as cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders. By integrating insights from recent research findings, this review will enhance our understanding of the neuroinflammatory landscape and set the stage for future interventions that could transform current approaches to preserve neuronal integrity and function in CNS-related inflammatory conditions.

Water-use Efficiency with Machine Learning: A Global Perspective

Water scarcity is a pressing social, economic, and environmental issue with significant corporate sustainability and planetary health implications. Therefore, improving the efficiency of water resources use is an important research issue. With the rapid development of machine learning technology, relying on the learning ability of learning algorithms and the support of computer computing power, it is possible to optimize the global allocation of water resources through machine learning technology. This paper investigates the progress made by machine learning methods in water use efficiency. Specifically, this paper introduces the basic principle of the machine learning method for evaluating water resources efficiency, including classification and regression tasks. Then, several mainstream evaluation indexes of water resource utilization efficiency are introduced. Finally, this paper analyzes the main challenges and future development direction of machine learning to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization. This paper aims to provide a complete research view for researchers using machine learning methods to improve water efficiency.

Exploring the Frontiers of Cell Temperature Measurement and Thermogenesis.

The precise measurement of cell temperature and an in-depth understanding of thermogenic processes are critical in unraveling the complexities of cellular metabolism and its implications for health and disease. This review focuses on the mechanisms of local temperature generation within cells and the array of methods developed for accurate temperature assessment. The contact and noncontact techniques are introduced, including infrared thermography, fluorescence thermometry, and other innovative approaches to localized temperature measurement. The role of thermogenesis in cellular metabolism, highlighting the integral function of temperature regulation in cellular processes, environmental adaptation, and the implications of thermogenic dysregulation in diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer are further discussed. The challenges and limitations in this field are critically analyzed while technological advancements and future directions are proposed to overcome these barriers. This review aims to provide a consolidated resource for current methodologies, stimulate discussion on the limitations and challenges, and inspire future innovations in the study of cellular thermodynamics.

Diet Impact Assessment model: an interactive tool for analysing the health, environmental and affordability implications of diets

Abstract Global diets, environmental factors, and health require a holistic approach in public health discourse that takes into account the well-being of both humans and planetary health. Modeling tools have demonstrated being useful to estimate priorities and differences between countries and gain insight into future paths that depend on predetermined priorities. Modeling efforts that include environmental goals indicate the possibility of reducing environmental impacts while both improving food quality and overall health outcomes, especially in high-income settings. The aforementioned forecasts highlight the effectiveness of giving priority to dietary recommendations that lead to better, balanced patterns as the most effective approach to reducing mortality risks and environmental implications. The presentation will introduce the Diet Impact Assessment (DIA) model - a new interactive modelling tool for analysing the health, environmental and affordability implications of diets and dietary change. The tool enables countries to analyse user-specific scenarios of dietary change, and to estimate the health, environmental and cost burden of each scenario in terms of diet costs, avoidable deaths, changes in resource use and compatibility with global environmental targets, including those associated with food-related greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use and fertilizer application. The tool was commissioned by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and is based on analytical frameworks developed by Marco Springmann and colleagues.

8.F. Scientific session: Promoting Public Health with healthy smart buildings

Abstract The Workshop titled “Promoting Public Health with healthy smart buildings” - proposed and developed by the three EUPHA Section: Urban Public Health (URB), Public Mental Health (MEN) and Environmental Health (ENV) - is aimed to foster the dialogue between designers (architects and urban planners), Public Health experts (operators, professionals and epidemiologists), policy/decision makers and buildings’ users, to establish a multidisciplinary approach for understanding together how to create and manage healthy living indoor environments (both housing and complex constructions/public buildings). According to the main Conference topic “Sailing the waves of European public health: exploring a sea of innovation”, the workshop mainly addresses both the “Climate emergency/Environment and health/Urban health” and the “Mental health” EPH24 conference topics. The workshop purpose is to explore the effects of the housing conditions, according to “umbrella” exposure of the quality of the buildings, stressing topics like emissions, qualities, functional features, accessibility, supportive, Indoor Environmental Quality, Indoor Air Quality, and health implications on users’ well-being. In fact, time spent at home and in the indoor environment increased due to the COVID-19 experience, and social-sanitary emergencies are expected to grow due to the urbanization phenomenon. Thus, the role of the physical environment in which we live, study, and work, has become of crucial importance, as the literature has recently highlighted. The workshop program includes inputs which they argue current experiences, emerging practices and scientific outcomes related to the healthy Buildings, coming from four different European countries. From Sustainable Development Goals, in “Healthy air for healthy minds”, to Indoor Environmental Quality implications, in “How to promote health in indoor living and working spaces: quali-quantitative analysis to evaluate the indoor air quality through users’ perception and low-cost sensors”. From experience-based works related to specific functions, in “Leveraging digital platforms to improve Public Health in hospital smart buildings”, to other specific public buildings’ experiences, in “Novi Sad cultural stations as healthy buildings for wellbeing concept”. Key messages • explore the relationship between housing conditions, Indoor Environmental Quality, and the implications on users’ well-being, like “umbrella” exposure of the quality of the buildings. • establish a multidisciplinary approach for understanding together how to create and manage healthy living indoor environments, at private and public scale.

Long COVID in the UAE: symptomatology, gender gaps, and health implications among COVID-19 survivors

Abstract Background A growing number of COVID-19 survivors are experiencing symptoms post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID. It is a new multisystem condition and understanding its associated factors and its impact on individuals is crucial. This study aims to characterize long COVID in previously hospitalized patients in the UAE, identifying associated factors and assessing its impact on patients’ daily lives. Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in hospitals in Dubai and Sharjah from January 29, 2020 to October 14, 2021, involving RT-PCR confirmed cases. Clinical, epidemiologic, and long COVID data were collected via hospital records and phone interviews. Results Long COVID affected 48.7% of 533 patients, with 46.6% prevalence persisting over a year. A total of 43 symptoms across 11 organ systems were reported. Females had 1.83 times higher odds of long COVID (95% CI [1.22, 2.74], p = 0.003). Each additional initial symptom (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI [1.05, 1.40], p = 0.008), ICU admission (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.06, 2.98], p = 0.030), and ≥ 2 comorbidities (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.09, 4.40], p = 0.027) increased the odds of long COVID. Long COVID significantly impacted daily life, with poorer health ratings (AOR = 5.576, 95% CI [3.029, 10.265], p < .001), worse health status (AOR = 7.842, 95% CI [4.954, 12.415], p < .001), and work limitations due to physical (AOR = 4.808, 95% CI [3.229, 7.158], p < .001) and emotional issues (AOR = 3.149, 95% CI [2.01, 4.933], p < .001). This impact persisted beyond 12 months post-infection. Conclusions Long COVID presents prolonged multisystem involvement and substantial disability among survivors, necessitating further research to understand its lasting effects and intervention development to mitigate its impact Key messages • Long COVID poses a substantial challenge to public health in the UAE, affecting almost half of hospitalized survivors and extending its impact beyond 12 months post-infection. • Risk factors like gender initial symptoms, ICU stay, and comorbidities increase the risk of long COVID, warranting the need for tailored interventions and support strategies for vulnerable populations.

Exploring the mental health impact of asylum-seeking of sexual minority men: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Sexual minority individuals, often called LGBTQ+, encounter significant danger and violence in some countries worldwide. This forces many to seek asylum in a range of European countries. The study aimed to explore the experiences of seeking asylum and its implications for the mental health of sexual minority forced migrant men in Sweden. Methods An exploratory qualitative approach was used, and 15 adult gay and bisexual cisgender men were interviewed individually. Participants were recruited through a combination of purposeful, convenience, and snowball sampling. Systematic text condensation was used to analyze data. The analysis was conducted in close collaboration with three migrants with lived experience. Results The asylum-seeking process proved emotionally challenging, involving procedures with negative impacts on mental health. Challenges included disclosing intimate information during asylum interviews and enduring long periods of uncertainty with limited information on asylum case progress. Fundamental to participants’ experiences were the behaviors and attitudes of the professionals involved in legal procedures. Disrespectful and homophobic conduct during asylum interviews, enacted by interpreters and caseworkers, had been experienced by participants. The accuracy of interpretation emerged as crucial, possibly influencing the outcome of asylum claims as well as participants’ comfort in sharing information. Conclusions Sexual minority men seeking asylum in Sweden find themselves in an unfamiliar and emotionally challenging position. The challenges highlighted in this study implicates that the stressful asylum process may lead to health burdens among this population. The study emphasizes the critical role of a safe, affirming and supportive environment for asylum seekers. Further research is needed to develop effective support methods to ensure the health and well-being of sexual minority forced migrant populations during the asylum process. Key messages • The stressful asylum process may lead to health burdens among forced migrant sexual minority men. • There is a need for public health action to develop effective support methods addressing the mental health challenges faced by sexual minority forced migrants during their asylum process.

The impacts of UK coronavirus virus job retention (furlough) scheme on mental health

Abstract Background In March 2020, the UK government introduced the pandemic-induced job retention scheme, known as furlough. The scheme provided grants to employers, to retain their workforce by subsidizing up to 80% of wages. While the scheme was aimed at preventing unemployment during lockdowns, it also came with wage loss, with implications for mental health for affected workers, although evidence is limited. Therefore, we aimed to explore the impact of the furlough scheme on mental health in the UK Methods We explored longitudinal data from the UK’s Understanding Society Survey between 2019 and 2021, including nine COVID waves. We matched a sample of furloughed and non-furloughed workers using various covariates. Mental health was measured using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12, scored 0-36). We estimated difference-in-differences models to explore the heterogeneous causal effects on mental health of workers participation and exit from the furlough scheme. We further considered the effects of being furloughed contrasted with becoming unemployed during the pandemic Results The estimated average treatment effect (-0.53 [95% CI: -0.91 - -0.16]) suggests that being furloughed had significant positive impact on mental health, while exiting from furlough due to changes requiring workers to work minimum hours increased the incidence of poor mental health 0.41 [95% CI: -0.11 - 0.92]. However, compared to becoming unemployed, being furloughed improved mental health by around -0.42 [95% CI: -0.75 - -0.09] GHQ points. Conclusions Policies that mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic also had psychological effects on the population. Even though there were mixed effects of coronavirus-induced social restrictions and lockdowns. Furlough reduced the psychological risks associated with the pandemic job loss, while exiting the scheme increased the incidence of poor mental health. This could be explained by substantial decline in the generosity of the scheme by up to 40%. Key messages • Job loss during the pandemic had deteriorating mental health effects. • Government contribution to furloughed workers’ wages minimizes the incidence of mental health distress.

Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK report 2023

Abstract The fourth Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK report (HECC) was published by the UK Health Security Agency in 2023. The report brings together 15 independent chapters written by 90 experts from UK and international academic and research institutions and UKHSA. It provides an authoritative summary of the scientific evidence on the health effects of climate change in the UK, potential implications for public health and gaps in evidence. Chapters include a combination of new empirical analyses (using the most updated climate data - UKCP18 projections) and synthesis of new evidence. Topics covered include future UK climate, temperature effects on mortality, flooding, outdoor and indoor air quality, aeroallergens, infectious diseases, vector-borne diseases, food supply, wildfires, drought, human exposure to chemicals, solar radiation, health impacts of net zero and indicators for climate change and public health tracking.

Association of contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of arterial thrombosis

Abstract Background While contemporary hormonal contraception is effective in preventing unwanted pregnancies, its potential link to an increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction raises safety concerns. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of contemporary hormonal contraception and the occurrence of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Methods A nationwide prospective cohort study was conducted, comprising of all Danish women aged 15-49 years without a history of arterial and venous thrombosis, thrombophilia, and cancer from 1996 to 2021. Data on hormonal contraception use, stroke and myocardial infarction diagnoses, and potential confounders were collected from nationwide registers. A Poisson regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, education level, calendar year, hypertension, statin use, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. Results The study followed 2,205,794 women over 23,700,659 person-years. Weighted median age was 33 (interquartile range (IQR): 24-41) for non-users and 25 (20-34) for users. A total of 5,346 ischemic strokes (22.6 per 100,000 person-years) and 2,351 myocardial infarctions (9.9 per 100,000 person-years) occurred during the study period. When compared to no use, oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol at a dose of 30 to 40 μg was associated with the following adjusted incidence rate ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, according to progestin type: levonorgestrel, 1.9 (1.7 to 2.2) and 2.0 (1.7 to 2.4); norgestimate, 1.9 (1.5 to 2.3) and 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6); desogestrel, 2.4 (2.0 to 2.9) and 2.2 (1.6 to 3.0); gestodene, 1.9 (1.7 to 2.2) and 1.9 (1.5 to 2.2); drospirenone, 2.0 (1.6 to 2.5) and 1.8 (1.1 to 2.8); cyproterone acetate, 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) and 2.1 (1.3 to 3.4), respectively. At a dose of 20 μg of ethinyl estradiol, the incidence rate ratios for ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction varied based on the type of progestin as follows: desogestrel, 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) and 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9); gestodene, 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) and 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4); drospirenone, 1.4 (0.7 to 2.6) and 1.1 (0.3 to 4.4); For transdermal patch, the incidence rate ratio was 3.4 (1.4 to 8.2) and 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0); for vaginal ring, 2.2 (1.4 to 3.3) and 3.2 (1.7 to 6.3); for intrauterine device, 1.1 (0.9 to 1.2) and 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3); for implant, 2.0 (1.2 to 3.5) and 1.3 (0.4 to 3.9); for injection, 1.9 (0.9 to 3.8) and 0.6 (0.1 to 4.0). Conclusion Use of contemporary hormonal contraception appeared to be associated with ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction when compared to non-users. The incidence rate ratios varied across type of hormonal contraception, estrogen dose, progestin type and route of administration. The findings underscore the importance of informed decision-making when considering contraceptive options, with implications for public health and individual health choices.FlowchartAdjusted incidence rate ratios

10.I. Scientific session: A National E-Infrastructure for Aging Research to Improve Public Health

Abstract Global life expectancy gains over the last half-century are remarkable. Yet the resulting demographic shift towards an older population poses substantial public health challenges, particularly in healthcare. To address these challenges, a profound and scientifically-based understanding of older adults’ health and care requirements is needed. Recognizing the need for a better understanding of the aging process and public health challenges, the National E-infrastructure for Aging Research (NEAR) was founded in 2018. NEAR seeks to promote and support aging research by facilitating longitudinal population-based data usage from 15 well-known Swedish cohort studies on aging and health. It is based on a collaboration between eight Swedish universities and includes 15 databases with individual assessments. NEAR comprises a broad range of biomedical, clinical, social, and psychological health data from more than 90,000 adults who are 50+ years old. These individuals have been followed between 12 and 52 years. The objective of this workshop is to give an overview of the NEAR infrastructure, present results from three ongoing NEAR projects, and their implications for public health: 1) Temporal trends in dementia incidence in Sweden; 2) Personality and biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease in Swedish older adults, and 3) Characterizing risk profiles and transitions across living and care settings in Sweden. Infrastructures such as NEAR offer high-quality epidemiological data for achieving broad, interdisciplinary research goals that single databases often cannot provide. Moreover, the value added to these kinds of data includes enhanced sample sizes, variations, representativeness, and generalizability. In turn, this can address an aging society’s public and clinical health demands. Eventually, this could lead to sustainable intervention strategies for improving older persons’ health in the coming decades. Key messages • Discover new avenues in public health aging research: Gain insights into cutting-edge aging research opportunities in Sweden, exploring key NEAR projects. • Recognize the value of national infrastructures using high-quality epidemiological data in fostering collaborative and nationally representative public health research.

Associations between neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio level and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease-cause mortality in general population: evidence from nhanes 1999-2010

Abstract Introduction Chronic inflammation is a recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), highlighting the need for reliable inflammatory indicators to predict CVD(1). As an inflammatory indicator which has been proved to have predictive value for the prognosis of CVDs, neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) has obtained increasing attention(2,3), but further research is needed to confirm the relationship with mortality in general population. Purpose To explore whether NPAR can serve as a predictive inflammatory indicator for CVD-cause and all-cause mortality in general population. Methods This prospective cohort study included 21317 individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2010. The baseline NPAR level was calculated as Neutrophil percentage (%) * 100/Albumin (g/dl). Data for CVD and all-cause mortality were acquired by linking the cohort database with the National Death Index through December 31, 2019.Weighted Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests were conducted to access cumulative survival differences across different NPAR results. Restricted cubic spline analyses were employed to examine the nonlinear association. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios and 95% CIs. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare predictive value of NPAR with systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and neutrophils percent. Results In this cohort study, during 270014 person-years of follow-up, 4074 all-cause deaths and 1116 CVD-cause deaths were documented. We found significant associations between elevated NPAR and both CVD-cause and all-cause mortality in Kaplan–Meier curves (both P for log-rank test<0.001). Restricted cubic splines revealed non-linear associations between NPAR level and both CVD-cause (P=0.018 for nonlinearity) and all-cause mortality (P<0.001 for nonlinearity) (Figure 1A and 1B). After adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the highest NPAR tertile had a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.33-1.61) and CVD-cause mortality (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.32-1.80) compared to those in the lowest tertile, while no association was detected for individuals in the middle tertile (Figure 2). The effect of NPAR was consistent across most subgroups, with no significant interaction with most covariates except for high cholesterol (CVD-cause mortality: P=0.014, all-cause mortality: P=0.022). Further ROC analysis confirmed that NPAR had higher predictive value than neutrophil percent and SII. Conclusions Elevated NPAR level was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD-cause mortality in general population.Given its easy-to-calculate nature and high predictive value, NPAR index, with implications in public health, deserves greater attention in inflammatory assessment and cardiovascular prevention.Figure 1 Nonlinear associationFigure 2 Cox regression table

5.K. Scientific session: Health literacy in Ireland: A participatory action approach with Sláintecare Healthy Communities

Abstract This workshop offers a comprehensive exploration of the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities surrounding health literacy in Ireland. In 2023, Dublin City University and Sláintecare Healthy Communities, driven by a commitment to foster equitable healthcare access and outcomes, embarked on a research project aimed at deciphering the intricacies of health literacy and its implications for public health in Ireland. The series of interactive presentations will transparently share learnings from the process and outcomes of this project, which can be applied across different sectors, contexts, and countries. The workshop will begin with an overview of the rationale underpinning Sláintecare Healthy Communities’ engagement in this research project. This is one of the first pilot programmes of its kind. By transparently exploring the driving forces and strategic approaches of this organisation, participants will gain insight into the imperative of addressing health literacy from the perspective of a cross-government and multi-discipline initiative. Following from this, a series of presentations will detail the rigorous scientific approaches undertaken. This includes an umbrella review of international conceptualisations of health literacy and a systematic review of health literacy research conducted on the island of Ireland in the last decade. Findings from these reviews highlight the evolving challenges and emerging trends shaping health literacy practices nationally and internationally. It is also recognised that responsive health literacy development requires thoughtful involvement of diverse local communities. Programmes and actions that ‘leave people behind’ can exacerbate health inequalities. As a result, meaningful community based participatory research, including innovative design thinking approaches, were utilised throughout this project. The Sláintecare Healthy Communities Programme identified two contrasting areas to participate in this work, presenting both an urban and rural context. The health literacy strengths, needs and issues encountered in these communities will be presented in the community members own words. This workshop will close with the presentation of a series of co-designed, and crucially actionable, recommendations for evidence-based best practices in health literacy promotion in Ireland. Leveraging the synthesis of research findings and stakeholder insights, a number of actions aimed at enhancing health literacy proficiency and fostering health equity will be detailed. This presentation in particular will be interactive, and will challenge participants to identify health literacy promoting actions that may be suitable for their own contexts. This workshop offers a timely and pragmatic exploration of health literacy promotion in Ireland. By fostering dialogue, knowledge exchange, and collaboration, the workshop serves as a catalyst for transformative change, paving the way towards more inclusive, equitable, and health-literate societies, both in Ireland and beyond. Key messages • This workshop offers a timely and pragmatic exploration of health literacy promotion in Ireland. • Presenters from both practice and research will detail how the needs analysis was conducted, and how we suggest these co-designed recommendations can be actioned.

Climate Change, Air Pollution, African Dust Impacts on Public Health and Sustainability in Europe

Abstract Climate change poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability and public health, leading to extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and biodiversity loss. Research on air pollution from African dust adversely associated with climate change highlights its significant role in trapping heat in the atmosphere and causing heat-related illnesses, cardiovascular disorders, and respiratory ailments. Smog, dust, acid rain, and ozone depletion also negatively impact ecosystems. The methods of the study also include the dynamics of climate change-induced air pollution. The implications for public health and environmental sustainability through GWR modeling and MODIS-NDVI analysis of controlling air pollution are crucial for reducing the climate crisis, safeguarding public health, and maintaining ecosystem sustainability. Results from particulate matter (PM 2.5-10), which consists of tiny particles with varying diameters, can enter the respiratory system through inhalation. This can lead to a diameter of less than 10 μm (PM 2.5-10). According to the relevant legislation, the limit value refers to the daily average value and must not exceed 50 μg/m3. While ozone in the stratosphere serves a protective function against ultraviolet radiation, excessive levels at ground level can be harmful and have been recorded in atmospheric samples ranging from 146.6 μg/m3 up to 702.3 μg/m3. impacting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Policy leaders, businesses, and individuals need to be proactive in reducing air pollution, adopting clean energy technology, and implementing stricter pollution rules. Stricter pollution rules, environmentally friendly transportation choices, and the adoption of clean energy technology. The sustainability of the ecosystem and public health are significantly impacted by climate change linked to air pollution. To solve these global problems and move toward a healthier, cleaner future for future generations, we must act now on climate justice. Key messages • Examine the impact of African dust air pollution on public health and its significant impacts from climate change, provide solutions to mitigate its effects on environmental sustainability in Europe. • Public health workers, Policymakers and stakeholders must prioritize reducing emissions and enforcing strict air quality laws to mitigate the negative impact of African dust on European populations.

Trends in maternal body mass index, macrosomia and caesarean section in first-time mothers during the pandemic: a multicentre retrospective cohort study of 12 Melbourne public hospitals.

To compare specific perinatal outcomes in nulliparas with a singleton infant in cephalic presentation at term, with and without exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic during pregnancy. We hypothesised that the pandemic conditions in Melbourne may have been an independent contributor to trends in maternal Body Mass Index ≥ 25kg/m2, macrosomia and caesarean section. Multi-centre retrospective cohort study and interrupted time-series analysis. Metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria. Singleton infants ≥ 20 weeks gestational age born between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2022. Rates of maternal Body Mass Index ≥ 25kg/m2, macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4000g) and caesarean section. 25 897 individuals gave birth for the first time to a singleton infant in cephalic presentation at term in the pre-pandemic cohort, and 25 298 in the pandemic-exposed cohort. Interrupted time-series analysis demonstrated no significant additional effect of the pandemic on pre-existing upward trends in maternal Body Mass Index ≥ 25kg/m2, caesarean section or macrosomia. The rate of maternal Body Mass Index ≥ 25kg/m2 was higher in the pandemic-exposed cohort compared with the pre-pandemic cohort, (45.82% vs. 44.58% respectively, p = 0.041) as was the overall rate of caesarean section(33.09% vs. 30.80%, p < 0.001). However, this increase in caesarean section was confined to individuals who had either an induction of labour or no labour. There was also a nonsignificant trend to higher rates of macrosomia in the pandemic-exposed cohort compared with the pre-pandemic cohort (8.55% vs. 7.99% respectively, p = 0.124). While rates of Body Mass Index ≥ 25kg/m2, pre-labour caesarean section, and caesarean section following induction of labour were higher among pandemic-exposed nulliparas, these findings represented a continuation of pre-existing upward trends, with no significant independent contribution from the pandemic. These trends are forecast to continue, with long term implications for population health.

Evaluating the impact of gadolinium contamination on the marine bivalve Donax trunculus: Implications for environmental health

Gadolinium (Gd), commonly used in contrast agents for medical imaging, has been detected in hospital wastewater and aquatic environments, raising environmental concerns. This study examined the accumulation and cellular impacts of Gd in the clam species Donax trunculus, commonly used as bioindicator of contamination. Gadolinium accumulation in clams increased with exposure and over time. Biological responses varied with Gd levels: low concentrations (10 and 50 µg/L) led to low metabolic activity and glycogen content, but high antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation levels (LPO); high concentrations (250 and 500 µg/L) resulted in increased metabolic activity, while antioxidant enzyme activity was inhibited and LPO levels were the lowest. Metabolic activity decreased after two weeks, suggesting limited long-term metabolic resilience. The study underscores D. trunculus as an effective early warning species for Gd pollution and highlights the ecological risks of rising Gd levels, emphasizing the need for environmental monitoring and regulation.

Involuntary singlehood, gender equality and mental health in contemporary Sweden

Abstract In recent years, acts of violence against women have been tied to online communities of men who self-identify as involuntary celibates or ‘incels’. These men experience an inability to enter intimate relationships with women, attributing the issue to a gynocentric order in which women hold power and men are victims. This is while evidence suggests that in contemporary societies at large, growing numbers of men live without, or face difficulties in forming, intimate relationships with women, and while many men in Sweden, particularly young ones, report loneliness. At the same time, in Sweden we see a growing polarization between men and women regarding views on gender equality, especially among youth, as young men express gender conservative values and the notion that feminism is to blame for some men’s feelings of societal marginalization. Increased knowledge about these issues, and how they may be connected, is of strong importance for public mental health. In an ongoing research project, we take the incels phenomenon as our starting-point and as one area of attention, while also directing focus toward involuntary singlehood and celibacy among men and women in Sweden more broadly. The latter is investigated through a survey, which is the focus of this presentation. The survey explores the prevalence of short- and long-term experiences of involuntary singlehood and celibacy among men and women in the general population (n = 5000), and how such experiences are made sense of. Any correlations between such experiences and self-rated mental health and satisfaction with life, and attitudes towards gender equality and violence against women, are investigated, including any noteworthy differences along lines of gender, age and socioeconomic background. Experienced loneliness, irrespective of relationship status, is also assessed. The presentation will discuss preliminary results of the survey study and discuss their implications for public mental health. Key messages • Involuntary singlehood among men is a public health issue warranting further investigation. • Correlations between involuntary singlehood and mental health as well as attitudes towards gender equality will be discussed.

Influencers as a new source of health information: Insights from an Austrian youth survey

Abstract Background Social media influencers (SMIs) have become the dominant source of health information for youth. While some SMIs may share valuable content, critics raise concerns that they lack expertise, have commercial motives, or hold personal biases. Yet, little is known about the epidemiology of the health influencer phenomenon. This study offers first insights into the reach of SMIs among Austrian youth, informing public health strategies to promote positive health behaviors in young populations. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 1003 Austrian adolescents and young adults aged 15-25. Key research questions focus on the epidemiology of health influencers, engagement with SMIs, prevalent health topics, advertising, and perceived impact of SMIs on health. Preliminary results Participants estimate that over 51% of social media posts they see are from SMIs, and 75.37% follow at least one SMI. Additionally, 37.19% follow SMIs who specifically share health content, and 30.91% have purchased health products recommended by them (e.g., foods, supplements, beauty products). Moreover, 40.27% trust their followed SMIs for health information, similar to trust in traditional media (43.47%). Finally, over a third find SMI content beneficial for health (32.34%), while 29.20% find it harmful, and 33.83% neither. Conclusions The study provides first insights into the epidemiology of health influencers, revealing their extensive reach and positive reception among young people. Despite concerns about conflicts of interest or expertise, SMIs are perceived as trusted sources for health information and product purchases. This research enhances our understanding of influencers’ impact and informs public health strategies aimed at promoting positive health behaviors among youth. The insights from Austrian youth can inform future studies across Europe, deepening our understanding of the health influencer phenomenon and its implications for public health. Key messages • This cross-sectional study shows the high reach of social media influencers among youth and their important role as emerging sources of health information. • The study breaks new ground by investigating adolescents’ engagement with health influencers, offering insights for public health to promote positive health outcomes among young populations.

Social prescribing for healthy ageing: insights from older people referral and uptake in Portugal

Abstract The population ageing presents multifaceted challenges for health systems, with implications for healthcare delivery and health and well-being outcomes. Innovative integrated-care approaches are needed to promote healthy aging and the quality of life of older people. Social Prescribing (SP) has emerged as a promising strategy to address the complex health and social needs of populations, including those older, offering non-medical interventions that encompass social, cultural, and community-based activities. SP has been implemented in Portugal since 2018 and currently target different subgroups, including elderly. This study aims to examine referral and uptake of older people to SP in Portugal. This cross-sectional study analysed sociodemographic, health condition, referral and uptake-related data from older patients (≥65 years) engaged in SP, collected through a survey and registries at primary healthcare units in Lisbon between 2018-2023. Of the 1060 patients referred to SP, 43.9% (n = 465) were aged 65 years or older. Within this age group, 38.1% were 71-80 years old and 36.1% were 81-90 years old; 67.5% were female. Around 48% were referred to SP for social isolation, 40% for social and financial support, and 32.5% for functional dependency. Two thirds had two or more chronic conditions, with cardiovascular disease (59,1%), mental health disorders (29,2%), and obesity (27,1%) being the most frequent. The SP consultations uptake rate was 59.1%, and patients were referred to a range of activities provided by third-sector organisations, as psychosocial support, home care, senior university classes, arts activities, and support in medicine management. The elderly population accounts for a large proportion of SP referrals. Further efforts are needed to identify the factors that influence patients’ acceptability and adherence and to promote the sustainability of SP and the well-being of the population. Key messages • Older people referred to SP initiative in Portugal have complex health-social needs, which reinforces the relevance of adopting a holistic centred-care approach to respond to the aging challenges. • Through SP older people have been integrated in community-based activities that promote their health and wellbeing, thus it is needed to develop tailored strategies to improve patient uptake.

Krill oil supplementation in vivo promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in cultured human skeletal muscle cells

IntroductionKrill oil is a dietary supplement derived from Antarctic krill; a small crustacean found in the ocean. Krill oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as the antioxidant astaxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of krill oil supplementation, compared to placebo oil (high oleic sunflower oil added astaxanthin), in vivo on energy metabolism and substrate turnover in human skeletal muscle cells.MethodsSkeletal muscle cells (myotubes) were obtained before and after a 7-week krill oil or placebo oil intervention, and glucose and oleic acid metabolism and leucine accumulation, as well as effects of different stimuli in vitro, were studied in the myotubes. The functional data were combined with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.ResultsIn vivo intervention with krill oil increased oleic acid oxidation and leucine accumulation in skeletal muscle cells, however no effects were observed on glucose metabolism. The krill oil-intervention-induced increase in oleic acid oxidation correlated negatively with changes in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. In addition, myotubes were also exposed to krill oil in vitro. The in vitro study revealed that 24 h of krill oil treatment increased both glucose and oleic acid metabolism in myotubes, enhancing energy substrate utilization. Transcriptomic analysis comparing myotubes obtained before and after krill oil supplementation identified differentially expressed genes associated with e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, metabolic pathways and calcium signaling pathway, while proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of e.g., LDL-receptor in myotubes obtained after the krill oil intervention.ConclusionThese findings suggest that krill oil intervention promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells, with potential implications for metabolic health.