Implications For Cardiovascular Health Research Articles

GRK2 and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a family of membrane proteins that regulate several cellular processes. Among the GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) regulate downstream signaling pathways and receptor desensitization. GRK2 has gained significant interest due to its cardiovascular physiology and pathological involvement. GRK2’s presence in cardiac tissue and its influence on cardiac function, β-adrenergic signaling, and myocardial remodeling underlies its involvement in cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and ischemia. GRK2’s canonical role is receptor desensitization, but emerging evidence suggests its involvement in mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, influencing processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis. Moreover, GRK2’s localization within mitochondria suggests a direct role in regulating mitochondrial health and function. Notably, while GRK2 inhibition seems to be a therapeutic approach to heart failure, its precise role in mitochondrial dynamics and pathology needs further investigation. This review explores the complex relationship between mitochondrial function and GRK2 and clarifies the implications for cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular medicine might greatly benefit from future studies that focus on understanding the processes behind GRK2–mitochondrial crosstalk to develop personalized therapies

Exploring the Connection: Moyamoya Disease and Its Implications for Cardiovascular Health.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a vascular disorder characterized by steno-occlusive alterations in cerebral arteries, often resulting in ischemic or hemorrhagic events predominantly affecting the female population and more common in Asian populations. Despite its predominantly neurological manifestations, recent research suggests a potential association between MMD and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). MMD involves various genetic and environmental factors, with mutations in the RNF213 gene being strongly implicated in disease susceptibility, with histopathological findings revealing intimal lesions and smooth muscle proliferation, contributing to vascular occlusion as well as dysregulation of circulating endothelial and smooth muscle progenitor cells further complicating MMD's pathogenesis. However, the exact nature of the relationship between MMD and CVD remains incompletely understood, and emerging evidence suggests a potential interplay between these pathologies. In this study, we discuss the potential link between MMD and CVD, exploring genetic factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and studies highlighting cardiac manifestations in MMD patients.

The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in South Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: In South India, there's limited research on dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, despite the global burden of T2DM. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of elevated lipid profiles in Type 2 diabetic patients from Coimbatore, South India. The scope of dyslipidemia in this population and its potential implications for cardiovascular health can be better understood by assessing the lipid profiles of these patients. Methods: To address this knowledge gap, a comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting essential patient information, including the following: age, sex, diagnosis, disease duration, fasting blood sugar levels (BSL), post-breakfast BSL, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglyceride levels, and any relevant notes or observations. Conducting a cross-sectional study in Tamil Nadu with 100 T2DM patients, we found a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. Results: Elevated lipid levels indicate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the T2DM patients in Coimbatore. This emphasizes the need for effective management to reduce cardiovascular risks in T2DM. Conclusion: Our findings call for a comprehensive approach, including vigilant lipid profile monitoring alongside glycemic control, to improve patient outcomes. Addressing dyslipidemia alongside glycemic control can substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. This study contributes crucial data for region-specific guidelines and interventions in South India. Main Points • Novel Demographic Representation: This study offers new insights into the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes patients from a hospital associated with a public charitable trust in Coimbatore, South India. This setting provides a unique perspective due to its diverse range of patients from various socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds, which enhances the generalizability of the findings. • Gap in Existing Research: There is limited research on dyslipidemia in rural South Indian populations. This study addresses this critical gap by focusing on a previously underrepresented demographic group, rural South Indians, thereby contributing valuable data to the existing body of knowledge on the prevalence and management of dyslipidemia in this region. • High Prevalence of Dyslipidemia: This study reveals a significant prevalence of dyslipidemia among the Type 2 diabetic patients in Coimbatore, highlighting the urgency of integrating effective lipid management strategies alongside diabetes care to mitigate cardiovascular risks and improve patient health outcomes. • Implications for Regional Guidelines: The findings call for tailored regional guidelines and interventions in rural South Indian patients. The data highlights the need for comprehensive lipid profile monitoring in addition to glycemic control to address cardiovascular risks effectively in this specific population.

CEACAM1 in vascular homeostasis and inflammation.

The glycoprotein Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1), also known as CD66a, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed in a variety of tissues including epithelial, immune, as well as endothelial cells, and is crucial to diverse physiological and pathological mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of CEACAM1's multifaceted roles in vascular biology and inflammatory processes. Directed literature research was conducted using databases, such as PubMed, and relevant studies were categorized based on the physiological effects of CEACAM1. CEACAM1 plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, particularly influencing the formation, maturation, and aging of blood vessels, as well as the endothelial barrier function. It supports endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitric oxide formation, thus promoting vascular integrity and regulating blood pressure. Additionally, CEACAM1 is of emerging importance to vascular inflammation and its potential clinical consequences. CEACAM1 is a crucial regulator of vascular homeostasis and inflammation with significant implications for cardiovascular health. Despite the lack of understanding of tissue-specific modulation and isoform-dependent mechanisms, CEACAM1 could be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the future.

Lipid profile alterations in Young Adults using Smokeless Tobacco: A prospective observational study from an urban center in Pakistan.

Background: Smokeless tobacco (ST) use is a prevalent health concern in South Asia, with increasing consumption among young adults. While the association between smoking and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is well-documented, the impact of ST on lipid profiles and related cardiovascular risks remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the lipid parameters in young adult ST users to evaluate potential dyslipidemia and its implications for cardiovascular health. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at Sindh Government Hospital Liaquatabad from November 2021 to April 2022. A total of 100 participants aged 18-30 years, who self-reported regular use of ST for at least 12 months and were non-smokers, were included. Lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were measured after an overnight fast. Patients on lipid-altering medications or with significant comorbidities were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The cohort predominantly consisted of young men (87%), with a mean age of 21.72 ± 3.66 years. Most participants were students (57%) and from low socioeconomic backgrounds (89%). Overall, lipid levels were generally within normal ranges, with the exception of low levels of HDL-C, which were particularly pronounced in women. In detail, the mean HDL-C for men was 41.55 ± 6.94 mg/dL, whereas women exhibited significantly lower HDL-C levels at 30.09 ± 5.94 mg/dL (p < 0.01). Other lipid parameters, including LDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, did not show significant elevations. Specifically, the mean LDL-C was 147.16 ± 3.60 mg/dL for men and 136.36 ± 9.96 mg/dL for women (p < 0.01), while total cholesterol levels averaged 125.70 ± 23.81 mg/dL for men and 124.55 ± 27.52 mg/dL for women (p = 0.882). Triglycerides were comparable between genders, with men at 131.21 ± 17.14 mg/dL and women at 131.91 ± 20.70 mg/dL (p = 0.902). Conclusion: This study found that while overall lipid levels were normal, female participants exhibited significantly low levels of HDL-C, indicating potential gender-specific cardiovascular risks.

Abstract 4128962: Medicaid Work Requirements and Changes in Insurance Coverage, Employment, Access to Care, and Health Status Overall and Among People with Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Medicaid work requirements have been at the forefront of health policy debate. Proponents argue that these policies increase employment, reduce poverty, and improve health. Critics have raised concerns that work requirements lead to loss of coverage and impede access to care. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that Medicaid work requirement implementation would be associated with decreased insurance coverage and healthcare access without impacting employment. Methods: We used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (a nationally representative survey administered by the CDC) to estimate the impact of Medicaid work requirements on insurance coverage, employment, access to care, and self-reported health. We used a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to compare changes in outcomes in Arkansas (where work requirements were implemented) versus control states. Outcomes were self-reported and included: 1) insurance coverage, 2) employment, 3) presence of a personal healthcare provider, 4) inability to see a doctor due to cost, and 5) self-reported health. The analysis was conducted among all respondents and among respondents with cardiovascular disease, who were hypothesized to be particularly vulnerable to negative sequelae of insurance loss. Results: The implementation of Medicaid work requirements in Arkansas was associated with decreased insurance coverage compared with control states (adjusted DID estimate -4.3%, CI -8.4%, -0.1%), but no increase in employment rates (-2.2% CI -7.0%, 2.6%). There was a trend toward decreased likelihood of having a personal healthcare provider (-4.7% CI -9.9%, 0.5%). There was no change in inability to see a doctor due to cost or self-reported good health. When this analysis was repeated among participants with cardiovascular disease, work requirement implementation was not associated with changes in any of the outcome variables. Conclusions: The implementation of Medicaid work requirements in Arkansas was associated with decreased insurance coverage and no change in employment. Our findings are particularly relevant given national policy debate about work requirement expansion and the recent implementation of Medicaid work requirements in Georgia. Despite the null findings among respondents with cardiovascular disease (likely the result of a small sample size), this study has important implications for cardiovascular health given the close association between insurance coverage and cardiovascular outcomes.

Clearing the Air to Address Pollution's Cardiovascular Health Crisis.

Air pollution is a critical global health issue that significantly impacts cardiovascular health. The air pollutant PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less) has been positioned as a leading environmental risk factor for morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Using data from the World Health Organization (WHO), Global Health Observatory, and the United Nations Environment Programme, we explored global trends in air pollution, with a focus on PM2.5 levels, the implications for cardiovascular health, and the policy measures aimed at reducing their impact. Despite progress in reducing pollution levels in high-income countries, global trends show a limited annual reduction in PM2.5 concentration. The analysis highlights disparities between regions, with low- and middle-income countries bearing the brunt of air pollution-related CVDs. In 2019 alone, ambient air pollution was responsible for approximately 4.2 million deaths worldwide. Of these, 70% were caused by CVDs, with approximately 1.9 million deaths from ischemic heart disease and 900,000 deaths from stroke. Policy gaps remain a challenge, with many countries lacking adequate legally binding air quality standards. We recommend the adoption of WHO air quality guidelines, enhanced monitoring of air pollution levels, and increased investment in interdisciplinary research to understand the full scope of air pollution's effects on cardiovascular health. Addressing the global cardiovascular crisis linked to air pollution will require coordinated efforts from policymakers, healthcare systems, and global health organisations.

The underestimated risk of prediabetes on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure with reduced left ventricular function

Abstract Background The global prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes is increasing, highlighting an urgent public health challenge. While the cardiovascular (CV) risk of diabetes is well studied, profound data on the CV risk of prediabetes in patients with heart failure (HF) remain scarce in current literature. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship of prediabetes and diabetes with common HF associated events such as all-cause, CV death and hospitalization for HF (HHF) in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods Patients with HFrEF who were admitted to a tertiary academic center between 01/2005 and 07/2019 were included in the present analysis and then stratified according to their glycemic state. Prediabetes was defined as an HbA1c value between 5.7% and 6.4% and the absence of diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome was a composite of CV death and HHF. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcome and all-cause death. We used cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, chronic kidney disease, body mass index, prior myocardial infarction, hypertension, CRP, and LDL-C. Results In total, 1,777 patients (median age 69 years, 24.3% female) were included in the present analysis and followed over a median of 4 years. Among them, 35.2% were diabetic, 18.7% prediabetic, and 46.1% showed non-impaired glucose metabolism. NT-proBNP levels were comparable between all glycemic groups. Both prediabetes and diabetes were found to significantly increase the risk of CV-death or HHF compared to those with normal glucose metabolism, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.41 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.05-1.89) and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.17-1.97), respectively. This elevated risk applied to both components of the primary outcome, as illustrated in Figure 1. Notably, the increased risk of all-cause mortality was statistically significant only among diabetic patients (adj. HR 1.75; 95%CI: 1.30-2.36), with prediabetic patients showing a trend towards increased risk but not reaching statistical significance (adj. HR 1.40; 95%CI: 0.99-1.97). Conclusion The findings of this study underscores the independent associations between both prediabetes and diabetes with increased risks of cv-death and HHF in patients diagnosed with HFrEF. This emphasizes the critical role of glycemic status in the prognostication and management of HFrEF. The associations suggest that prediabetes is not merely a transient or benign state but has significant implications for cardiovascular health, particularly in the context of HF. In light of these findings, screening of prediabetes in patients with HFrEF might help to identify patients at risk who are susceptible for the development of HF related adverse events.Forest plot for all study endpointsKaplan-Meier curves for CV-death/HHF

The interplay of climate change and physical activity: Implications for cardiovascular health

The interplay of climate change and physical activity: Implications for cardiovascular health

A potential marker for increased LDL and hypertriglyceridemia risk

Background and objectives. Serum uric acid (SUA), traditionally associated with gout, is increasingly recognized for its potential role in cardiometabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia. Elevated SUA levels may influence lipid metabolism, thus enhancing cardiovascular disease risk. This study aims to explore the association between SUA levels, dyslipidemia, and related risk factors in a cohort of patients, contributing to a better understanding of their interplay and implications for cardiovascular health. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective case series involving 30 participants selected from the outpatient Department of General Medicine. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design and use of de-identified data. Participants were aged 18 or older with available data on SUA, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, excluding those with a history of gout, renal impairment, or current use of urate-lowering medications. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance set at p <0.05. Results. The study population had a mean age of 54.7 ± 6.3 years and a mean BMI of 28.4 ± 2.4 kg/m². The mean SUA level was 6.9 ± 0.8 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol was 138 ± 13 mg/dL, and triglycerides were 162 ± 25 mg/dL. Dyslipidemia was present in 60% of the participants. Significant associations were found between hyperuricemia and dietary habits, family history of gout, CVD, and dyslipidemia, as well as the duration of hyperuricemia. Conclusion. Elevated SUA levels are significantly associated with dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors. The findings suggest the importance of managing SUA levels and lipid profiles concurrently to reduce cardiovascular risks. Further research is needed to explore the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of persistent hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia.

The Importance of Dermatological Detection of Xanthomas and Xanthelsemas in Pediatric Patients: A Summary of Case Reports

Diseases such as sitosterolemias, familial hyperlipidemias, and familial hypercholesterolemias are characterized by unique dermatological manifestations, including eruptive xanthomas and xanthelasmas. Although these conditions are relatively rare in dermatology, they hold significant implications for cardiovascular health, potentially leading to fatal outcomes such as atherosclerotic disease, acute coronary syndrome or hypertensive encephalopathy if untreated. These diseases are particularly notable in pediatric populations and effective preventative treatment can be administered if these lipid-related disorders are detected early. This case series summary highlights various case reports to underscore the critical qualitative dermatological findings associated with these lipid disorders in children. By identifying these signs early through comprehensive dermatological examinations, it is possible to initiate preventative treatments that mitigate the risk of severe cardiovascular disease and other systemic diseases later in adulthood. The aim of this case series is to highlight these dermatological indicators clearly, providing dermatologists with a reliable reference for early diagnosis and intervention, thus highlighting the importance of dermatological assessment in preventing serious health outcomes associated with pediatric lipid disorders.

Rethinking Mitral Annular Calcification and Its Clinical Significance: From Passive Process to Active Pathology.

Mitral annulus calcification is a chronic degenerative condition affecting the fibrous base of the mitral valve. Historically viewed as an age-related phenomenon, recent studies suggest it is driven by active mechanisms involving systemic inflammation, hemodynamic stress, abnormal calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and lipid accumulation. Despite often being asymptomatic and incidentally detected, its clinical relevance stems from its strong association with increased cardiovascular disease risk, higher cardiovascular mortality, and elevated overall mortality. This article investigates the complexities and controversies surrounding mitral annular calcification as a potential embolic source, focusing on its diagnosis, its relationship with systemic inflammation, and its links to metabolic and chronic disorders. The findings highlight that mitral annular calcification is not merely a passive marker of aging but an active indicator of atherosclerotic burden with significant implications for cardiovascular health. Mitral annulus calcification should be recognized as an important factor in cardiovascular risk assessment, offering insight into systemic inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation.

Unveiling the role of exercise in modulating plasma heat shock protein 27 levels: insights for exercise immunology and cardiovascular health.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, primarily driven by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition contributing significantly to fatalities. Various biological determinants affecting cardiovascular health across different age and sex groups have been identified. In this context, recent attention has focused on the potential therapeutic and preventive role of increasing circulating levels of heat shock protein 27 (plasma HSP27) in combating atherosclerosis. Plasma HSP27 is recognized for its protective function in inflammatory atherogenesis, offering promising avenues for intervention and management strategies against this prevalent cardiovascular ailment. Exercise has emerged as a pivotal strategy in preventing and managing cardiovascular disease, with literature indicating an increase in plasma HSP27 levels post-exercise. However, there is limited understanding of the impact of exercise on the release of HSP27 into circulation. Clarifying these aspects is crucial for understanding the role of exercise in modulating plasma HSP27 levels and its potential implications for cardiovascular health across diverse populations. Therefore, this review aims to establish a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between plasma HSP27 and exercise.

Tracking the Prevalence of Obesity in Portuguese School-Aged Children: What Future to Expect?

Childhood obesity presents a significant public health concern globally, with implications for cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome. In Portugal, approximately 31.6% of children are affected, highlighting the urgency for intervention strategies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese school-aged children, with a focus on sex and age differences. Anthropometric measurements were conducted on 1564 children aged 6-10 years, including weight, height, and skinfold thickness. Body Mass Index (BMI) and the percentage of body fat were calculated using established methods. The results revealed significant differences in BMI (≤0.001) and body fat percentage (≤0.001) among different BMI categories, with a notable prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among boys. A total of 37% of the studied population is overweight or obese, among which 40.1% and 33.9% are boys and girls, respectively. This study highlights statistically significant differences in BMI and body fat percentage for both sexes in different BMI categories. A large proportion of the population is overweight or obese, with a greater prevalence in boys. In short, childhood obesity has a negative impact on body composition and is associated with significant differences in anthropometric parameters, emphasizing the importance of preventative and intervention strategies to address this health problem.

The risk of premature cardiac contractions (PAC/PVC) related to caffeine consumption among healthcare workers: A comprehensive review.

Premature atrial contractions (PACs) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are ectopic heart rhythm disorders with implications for cardiovascular health. This study explores the relationship between caffeine consumption and the risk of PACs and PVCs, with a focus on healthcare workers, such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and midwives, who often rely on caffeine to combat fatigue, especially during night shifts. A thorough review was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, utilizing a combination of MeSH terms and keywords. Studies examining the link between caffeine consumption and PACs and PVCs, particularly in healthcare workers, were included. We found that caffeine shows various effects based on dosage and can impact arrhythmia risk. Individuals working long shifts, including healthcare professionals, are prone to increased caffeine intake, leading to higher cardiovascular risk. To mitigate these risks, tailored guidelines for caffeine consumption, flexible shift scheduling, and mental health support services are recommended. Promoting caffeine alternatives within healthcare institutions can be beneficial. Although caffeine may have potential benefits, its drawbacks, particularly concerning cardiovascular health, may surpass its advantages, especially when consumed in high doses. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for healthcare workers' well-being and quality of patient care. Further research is required to refine and support these recommendations.

Exploring gender-specific lipid profile patterns in metabolic syndrome: Implications for cardiovascular health in a rural Nigerian community

Exploring gender-specific lipid profile patterns in metabolic syndrome: Implications for cardiovascular health in a rural Nigerian community

Far-infrared irradiation increases the uptake of LDL cholesterol by downregulating PCSK9 through the activation of TRPV4 calcium channels in HepG2 cells

Far-infrared irradiation increases the uptake of LDL cholesterol by downregulating PCSK9 through the activation of TRPV4 calcium channels in HepG2 cells

Cardiovascular Dynamics in HIV: The Influence of Adrenal Function and Nutritional Status.

This interdisciplinary review explores the intricate nexus between HIV infection, nutrition, adrenal gland function, and cardiovascular health, highlighting a critical aspect of HIV management often overlooked in current literature. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the life expectancy of people living with HIV has dramatically improved, transforming HIV into a manageable chronic condition. However, this success brings forth new challenges, notably an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases among people living with HIV. We examine the normal physiology of the adrenal gland, including its role in mineral metabolism, a crucial facet of nutrition. We discuss the evolution of knowledge tying adrenal pathology to cardiovascular disease. We explore the impact of HIV on adrenal gland findings from a gross pathology perspective, as well as the clinical impact of adrenal insufficiency in HIV. The review further elucidates the role of nutrition in this context, considering the double burden of undernutrition and obesity prevalent in regions heavily affected by HIV. By aggregating findings from longitudinal studies and recent clinical trials, the review presents compelling evidence of increased cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV compared with people without HIV. It highlights the critical role of the adrenal glands in regulating nutrient metabolism and its implications for cardiovascular health, drawing attention to the potential for dietary interventions and targeted therapies to mitigate these risks. This review urges a paradigm shift in the management of HIV, advocating for a holistic approach that incorporates nutritional assessment and interventions into routine HIV care to address the complex interplay between HIV, adrenal function, and cardiovascular health. Through this lens, we offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV, contributing to the ongoing efforts to enhance the quality of life and longevity in this population.

Cardiac Remodeling and Ventricular Pacing: From Genes to Mechanics.

Cardiac remodeling and ventricular pacing represent intertwined phenomena with profound implications for cardiovascular health and therapeutic interventions. This review explores the intricate relationship between cardiac remodeling and ventricular pacing, spanning from the molecular underpinnings to biomechanical alterations. Beginning with an examination of genetic predispositions and cellular signaling pathways, we delve into the mechanisms driving myocardial structural changes and electrical remodeling in response to pacing stimuli. Insights into the dynamic interplay between pacing strategies and adaptive or maladaptive remodeling processes are synthesized, shedding light on the clinical implications for patients with various cardiovascular pathologies. By bridging the gap between basic science discoveries and clinical translation, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cardiac remodeling in the context of ventricular pacing, paving the way for future advancements in cardiovascular care.

Omega-3 Index as a Sport Biomarker: Implications for Cardiovascular Health, Injury Prevention, and Athletic Performance.

The composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cell membrane plays a crucial role in cell signaling and function. Physical activity can induce shifts in PUFA metabolism, potentially altering their membrane composition. Given the multifaceted regulatory and structural roles of PUFA, training-related fluctuations in PUFA concentrations may impact health and athletic performance in both elite and non-elite athletes, highlighting the critical role of these fatty acids' nutritional intake. The ω-3 index (O3I), a biomarker reflecting the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, is considered a marker of cardiovascular risk, gaining increasing interest in sports medicine. Dietary interventions aimed at maintaining an optimal O3I may offer several benefits for elite and non-elite athletes, including cardiovascular health performance optimization, recovery, and injury prevention. Here, we discuss emerging evidence on the application of O3I in sports and physical exercise, highlighting its promising role as a biomarker in a wide range of sports practices.