Implementation Of Sustainable Practices Research Articles

Green Accounting Practice Model for Tourism Villages in Support of Sustainable Tourism in Bali

Tourism is currently in the spotlight because the massive use of natural resources is rumored to damage the order of life in the future. Various efforts are made for tourism business actors to maintain sustainability so that this nature remains sustainable. Information on sustainability activities is very important to be known by all parties to legitimize the implementation of sustainability. This research provides information on the implementation of sustainability practices in tourist villages with the main objective of designing a financial transaction model based on green accounting practices that have not been widely practiced in a tourist destination in the village. A qualitative approach was used to dig deeper into the data from five informants of tourist village managers who have implemented sustainability. The results of the study explain that transactions related to the environment are recorded, recognition of costs incurred, measurement, recording to accounts, then presented and detailed disclosure of environmental costs. In addition, it was found that environmental prevention costs, environmental detection costs and internal failure costs in strengthening sustainable tourism. The results of the study contribute to accounting science in revealing an environmental cost aimed at supporting sustainable tourism. This condition is a new way of maintaining sustainability oriented on financial transactions. This research can be developed quantitatively in strengthening the green accounting model associated with sustainable tourism.

A systematic review of sustainability practices in plastic surgery.

There is an urgent need to mitigate the environmental impact of surgery, with surgery representing a major contributor to carbon emissions. This study explores literature detailing current sustainability practices and initiatives in plastic surgery and evaluates methods used to facilitate the attainment of net zero targets. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases (PROSPERO registration number CRD42023446104). Studies pertaining to sustainability practices in plastic surgery were included. An initial search yielded 1083 studies, of which 15 met inclusion criteria. The studies were analysed for data on waste, carbon footprint and cost reduction. Hand surgery was the leading subspecialty with initiatives to tackle waste, such as using procedure-specific surgical packs of the Wide-Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet technique, while also considering surgeons' preferences. Other initiatives were implemented in craniofacial, skin cancer and breast surgery. Successful recycling initiatives were reported with a monthly average of 39.6 tonnes of waste redirected to be recycled per month. Five studies, from skin and hand surgery, demonstrated a simultaneous benefit through reduction in cost by individualising sustainability practices for specific procedures. The average carbon footprint per procedure, of the included studies reporting emissions, was 22.7 kgCO2-eq. This systematic review demonstrated the necessity of an agile approach towards implementing sustainability practices, tailoring sustainability strategies to the requirements of each surgical procedure. The development of standardised outcome sets to evaluate the best practices in sustainability was emphasised.

The Challenges Of Integrating Sustainable Practices In Hotels And Lodges: A Case Study Of Victoria Falls

This study investigates the challenges associated with integrating sustainable practices in the accommodation sector of Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. Despite the growing recognition of green tourism as vital for all tourist destinations, hotels in developing countries, including Zimbabwe, often struggle to implement effective environmental measures. This research examines the barriers to adopting sustainable operating strategies within the hotels and lodges of Victoria Falls. Using a mixed methods approach, data were gathered from hotel employees and managers. Qualitative insights were obtained through interviews with fifteen purposively selected key informants, while quantitative data were collected via questionnaires distributed to 150 participants using stratified random sampling. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the qualitative data, and quantitative results were analyzed using Excel and manual calculations. Findings indicate that the hotel sector primarily adopts simple and cost-effective green practices focused on energy management, water conservation, and waste management. However, significant challenges hinder the effective implementation of these initiatives, including the high costs of acquiring green technology, insufficient stakeholder support, and limited financial resources. Additional barriers identified include a lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and weak regulatory frameworks. This research highlights the intricate relationship between internal and external factors that influence the adoption of green strategies. It emphasizes the importance of organizational culture, leadership commitment, stakeholder engagement, and industry collaboration in overcoming these challenges. The study concludes by recommending the development of a stronger green tourism policy, enhanced guest education, and active stakeholder engagement to promote the implementation of sustainable practices in Zimbabwe's hotel sector.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Policy Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review

Sustainable tourism development is increasingly recognized as vital for balancing economic growth with environmental conservation, particularly in regions like Indonesia, where tourism is a crucial driver of the economy. However, the effectiveness of current public policies in promoting sustainable tourism remains to be determined. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies on sustainable tourism development in Indonesia through a comprehensive systematic literature review. A rigorous selection of studies was conducted using the PICOC (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Context) framework, analyzing successful and underperforming policies. The review identifies significant gaps, including poor policy coordination, stakeholder conflicts, and resource limitations, which hinder the successful implementation of sustainable practices. The findings suggest that enhancing policy integration, increasing stakeholder engagement, and incorporating advanced technologies for better resource management are critical for achieving sustainability goals. The study provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers to improve Indonesia’s tourism policies’ efficiency and adaptability. These insights are essential for aligning public policies with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), ensuring long-term sustainability in the rapidly expanding tourism sector.

The Horeca Supply Chain: An analysis of the Food and Loss Waste Management literature characteristics

In this paper, a literature review about Food and Loss Waste Management in Horeca Supply Chain is developed. Some trends and characteristics of that research line are presented. Three research questions are proposed: 1) What journals and authors have published papers Food and Loss Waste Management in Horeca Supply Chain? 2) Which are the methodological characteristics of the papers on Food and Loss Waste Management in Horeca Supply Chain?and 3) What knowledge areas have been analysed? A descriptive analysis is made to identify the relevant journals and authors and the methodological characteristics (type of study, analytical techniques and sources of information). Finally, knowledge areas and the-ories are described. The general literature on supply chain in hospitality about food and loss waste is quite extensive and interdisciplinary. However, specifically on Horeca sector, it is rather scarce. The results confirm the need for further literature on the Horeca sector and its Supply Chain, due to its implications for food waste. The interest is mainly due to the large social and practical implications that can be derived in the extension of the research, moving towards the implementation of sustainable practices involving the reduction of food waste and loss.

Implementation of Green Accounting and Environmentally Friendly Work Culture in Increasing the Competitiveness of Local MSMEs

Global changes towards sustainability encourage Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adopt environmentally friendly business practices. Green Accounting and environmentally friendly work culture emerged as a strategy that can increase the competitiveness of MSMEs by integrating environmental aspects in business operations. This study aims to analyze the application of Green Accounting and environmentally friendly work culture in local MSMEs, as well as identify their impact on business competitiveness. The study also explores the supporting factors and constraints in the implementation of sustainability practices. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with observation methods, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data was collected from a number of MSMEs in Grogol District, Cilegon, who have begun to adopt the concept of sustainability in their businesses. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns and relationships between Green Accounting, environmentally friendly work culture, and business competitiveness. The study found that the implementation of Green Accounting is still in its infancy, with a focus on energy efficiency and waste reduction. An eco-friendly work culture is beginning to be implemented, although it is still limited to basic aspects such as plastic reduction and energy savings. The positive impact of this practice includes increased operational efficiency, better business image, and increased customer loyalty. However, challenges such as lack of understanding, technological limitations, and lack of supporting policies are still the main obstacles to implementation.

Sustainable practices in the hospitality industry: A case study of green initiatives in Thailand

This research paper extensively investigates the adoption and implementation of sustainable practices within the thriving hospitality industry in the beautiful country of Thailand. The study is primarily focused on highlighting the significance of green initiatives that aim to effectively mitigate the potentially harmful environmental impact caused by the rapidly growing tourism sector in this mesmerizing destination. Undoubtedly, it emphasizes the critical and urgent need for hotels, resorts, and other accommodation providers to comprehensively integrate and incorporate eco-friendly practices into their day-to-day operations. This forward-thinking approach is deemed essential due to the substantial socio-economic contributions made by the tourism industry to the remarkable country of Thailand. Comprehensive study delves into various dimensions and aspects of sustainable practices within the hospitable world. It delves into the exploration of innovative and energy-efficient technologies that can be effectively adopted to minimize the consumption of valuable resources. Additionally, the research investigates waste management systems which play a pivotal role in ensuring the preservation and conservation of the environment, while also reducing the ecological footprint associated with hospitality operations. Moreover, the study encompasses singly explores sustainable food and beverage operations, embracing the idea of utilizing locally sourced ingredients and promoting responsible consumption practices, ultimately leading to a healthier ecosystem. While analyzing the implementation process of these eco-friendly initiatives, the research also wholeheartedly acknowledges the barriers and challenges that hotel operators and managers face. These hurdles might include financial constraints, lack of knowledge and awareness, and difficulties in balancing the immediate costs with the long-term benefits. By acknowledging and addressing these obstacles, the research aims to provide valuable insights and potential solutions, ultimately promoting and facilitating a smooth transition towards sustainable hospitality practices. Through thoroughly examined case studies of successful and exemplary green practices within the hospitality industry, this research extensively highlights and emphasizes the vast array of potential benefits that can be derived from adopting sustainability measures. These positive outcomes include substantial cost savings, improved brand reputation, enhanced guest loyalty, and the creation of a unique selling proposition that sets the establishment apart from competitors. Furthermore, the findings of this study strongly advocate and call for a collaborative and cooperative approach among multiple stakeholders. It emphasizes the importance of active involvement and engagement between and among government policymakers, esteemed industry leaders, hotel operators, and the local communities. By fostering this culture of shared responsibility, it becomes possible to effectively foster and promote a proactive inclination towards environmental sustainability within the hospitality sector in Thailand. Ultimately, this enlightening and groundbreaking paper serves to underscore and emphasize the utmost importance of adopting and integrating green initiatives not only for the sustainability and preservation of Mother Nature but also for the long-term viability and competitiveness of the Thai hotel industry within the dynamic global hospitality landscape. By prioritizing the environment and acknowledging the potential risks associated with unsustainable practices, this research aims to empower and inspire all relevant stakeholders to make informed decisions and embrace change for a brighter and greener future.

IMPLIKASI FILOSOFIS ONTOLOGI DAN AKSIOLOGI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN BERKELANJUTAN

This research explores the relationship between philosophical understanding of ontology and axiology and the implementation of sustainable management policies. In the context of current environmental and social challenges, understanding the nature of organizations (intology) and ethical values ​​(axiology) is very important in formulating policies that can survive in the long term. In an effort to understand the dynamics between philosophical factors and sustainable management practices, this research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research results show that an ontological understanding of natural resources is closely related to policy effectiveness, where organizations that adopt strong ethical and social values ​​tend to be more successful in implementing sustainability practices. In addition, community involvement in decision making has been proven to increase the credibility and success of policies. These findings provide practical recommendations for organizations to integrate philosophical values ​​in their training and policy development. Although this study provides valuable insights, there are limitations related to the sample size and sector focus examined, which need to be addressed in future research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of managerial sustainability.

AI-Driven Insights into Soil Physio-Chemical Properties

AI-driven insights into soil physio-chemical properties are transforming soil management and agricultural practices by leveraging advanced data analysis and predictive modeling. Utilizing remote sensing technologies, in-situ sensors, and historical data, AI systems can efficiently collect and integrate comprehensive soil information, including moisture, pH, and nutrient levels. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to identify patterns, predict soil behavior, and detect anomalies, enabling precise recommendations for fertilization, irrigation, and soil health management. By integrating AI with technologies such as IoT and GIS, stakeholders can optimize resource use, enhance crop yields, and implement sustainable practices. AI's ability to provide real-time insights and forecast future conditions supports proactive management strategies, risk assessment, and environmental conservation. This synergy of AI and soil science not only advances agricultural productivity but also promotes sustainable land use and soil health.

How to manage global partner relationships to achieve sustainability goals: A decision support system using the Best-Worst Method and applied to cargo airlines

The urgency of sustainability in aviation has led to a focus on operational activities, especially in the global supply chain of cargo airlines. This study introduces a Decision Support System (DSS) to improve Partner Relationship Management. The DSS helps partners work toward sustainability goals. It uses the Best-Worst Method in a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making framework. The DSS segments partners based on their sustainability capabilities and willingness. It also proposes targeted strategies. The system was applied to a cargo airline aiming for zero emissions and zero waste, managing Ground Handling Agents across 168 outstations. The application showed the effectiveness of partner segmentation, with most partners demonstrating high capability and willingness. A step-by-step strategy was developed to implement sustainability practices, including a checklist for performance assessment. The study concludes that the DSS and strategy offer a structured and actionable approach that can be adapted for other cargo airlines. Future research is recommended to validate the DSS in other industries, explore alternative segmentation methods, and refine strategies considering partner size and impact.

Water quality and palm oil mill effluents—Analysis of the effect of palm oil mill effluents (POME) on consumption of bore-hole water in Nigeria

Nigeria’s palm oil processing industry poses significant environmental pollution risks, jeopardizing the country’s ability to meet the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Traditional processing methods generate palm oil mill effluent (POME), contaminating soil and shallow wells. This study investigated water samples from five locations (Edo, Akwa-Ibom, Cross River, Delta, and Imo states) with high effluent release. While some parameters met international and national standards (WHO guidelines, ASCE, NIS, and NSDWQ) others exceeded acceptable limits, detrimental to improved water quality. Results showed, pH values within acceptable ranges (6.5–8.5), high total conductivity and salinity (800–1150 µS/cm), acceptable hardness values (200–300 mg/L), nitrite concentrations (10–45 mg/L), excessive magnesium absorption (> 50 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) indicating significant pollution (75–290 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeding safe limits in four locations, total solids (TS) exceeding allowable limits for drinking water (310–845 mg/L), water quality index (WQI) values ranged from “poor” to “very poor”. POME contamination by metals like magnesium, nitrite, chloride, and sodium compromised shallow well water quality. Correlation analysis confirmed robust results, indicating strong positive correlations between conductivity and TDS (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and pH and total hardness (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). The study emphasizes the need for environmentally friendly palm oil processing methods to mitigate pollution, ensure safe drinking water, and achieve Nigeria’s SDGs. Implementation of sustainable practices is crucial to protect public health and the environment.

Ethnography of the Dying Culture of Northern Punjab: An Insight into Potohar

The study aims to analyze and Document the traditional cultural practices of Potohar region Along with analyzing the factors contributing to the decline of Potohari culture. It is therefore significant to examine the impacts of modernization, globalization and urbanization on local traditions of this region. The Potohar Plateau in northern Punjab, Pakistan, is a region imbued with a rich cultural heritage characterized by unique linguistic, social, and artistic traditions. The era of modernization, globalization, and socio-economic changes are contributing to the erosion of these traditional practices. This research study focused on ethnographic methodology for conduction if qualitative research by using interviews conduction for primary data collection whereas using already present research papers and historical documents as a source of secondary data collection. The results of the study highlights that sustainable and progressive strategies are being adopted for the revitalization of cultural, linguistic, ethnic and traditional practices and identities. Through the adoption of various research methodologies and archival research, this study reveals the intricate traditions, customs, and values that have defined the Livelihood of the people of Potohar for decades. This ethnographic study seeks to document the traditional aspects of Potohari culture, identify the factors leading to its decline, and provide recommendations for cultural preservation. For the future policy makers, it is therefore necessary to ensure implementation of sustainable practices.

Food Waste Management at Selected Tourist Hotels in Zanzibar: Current Practices and Challenges in Creating a Circular Economy in the Hospitality Sector

Tourism is the key economic sector of and contributor to employment in Zanzibar. However, tourism growth creates a demand for more hotels, contributing to more waste. Meanwhile, food waste in the hospitality sector remains a concern due to its impact on food sustainability and its economic and environmental footprint. This study examines food waste management in selected tourist hotels located along the east coast and north districts of the island and recommends strategies for improvement. Mixed methods, including surveys and key informants’ interviews and observations, were used for data collection to map the waste flow along the food value chain, analyze the selected hotels’ management practices, and consider stakeholders’ perspectives. The findings reveal that food wastage occurs at each stage of business operations, and the largest waste stream is located at hotels, with an average estimate of 1.8 kg per guest per day. Most waste is generated during food preparation and when serving customers, constituting both avoidable and unavoidable food fractions. Moreover, the implementation of sustainable practices is scarce due to challenges, such as a lack of food waste minimization and management plans and a low level of knowledge and coordination among staff and other stakeholders. However, hotel managers’ knowledge, experience, and willingness to change, as well as the ongoing Greener Zanzibar Campaign, are driving forces for enhancing circular and sustainable practices at tourist hotels. Based on the findings, strategies, such as involving local suppliers close to the hotels for perishable products, reusing leftover food for staff and donations to local communities, and staff training on handling food waste are recommended. The practical implications of this study will help hoteliers reduce food wastage and contribute to more sustainable tourism development in Zanzibar.

Nurturing sustainability practices: a qualitative inquiry into environmental innovations as a catalyst in manufacturing enterprises in an emerging economy

PurposeThis study explores how medium and large manufacturing firms integrate environmental innovations to foster sustainability practices. It seeks to uncover the specific challenges these firms face and the strategies they employ to effectively implement sustainable initiatives in response to growing environmental pressures.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study analyzes twelve detailed case studies, engaging in conversational interviews to capture the lived experiences of key stakeholders. Through direct quotations and thematic analysis, the research offers in-depth insights into the practical implementation of sustainability practices driven by environmental innovations.FindingsThe study identifies those environmental innovations – both in products and processes – are critical drivers for addressing specific sustainability challenges. Firms that successfully implement these innovations do so by leveraging internal resources and external collaborations, which enable them to navigate environmental regulations, reduce waste and enhance operational efficiency. However, the findings also highlight significant barriers such as financial constraints and resistance to change within traditional manufacturing systems.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by the use of a convenience sampling method and potential biases in interview responses. Future research should adopt more robust sampling techniques and explore longitudinal impacts to mitigate subjectivity and enhance generalizability.Practical implicationsThe findings offer practical insights for manufacturing firms seeking to implement sustainability practices. By understanding the mechanisms through which environmental innovations can be integrated into their operations, firms can develop more effective strategies for enhancing environmental performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes original insights into the strategic application of environmental innovations within the manufacturing sub-sector. It highlights the role of innovations in overcoming sustainability challenges, offering a nuanced understanding of how firms can align operational goals with environmental imperatives.

Green Energy Sources: Potential in The Use of Biomass in Brazil

Objective: The research aimed to investigate the potential of using biomass as a green energy source in Brazil, seeking to understand both the opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation. Methodology: The research approach was qualitative, classifying itself as exploratory, descriptive and practical. The sample was composed of 32 environmentalists, and the data were collected by means of in-depth interviews. For the analysis, the technique of discourse analysis was used. Results and Analysis: The results showed that biomass has great potential to diversify Brazil's energy mix, create jobs in rural areas and contribute to sustainability. However, participants also highlighted several challenges, such as the lack of adequate infrastructure, the need for more efficient technologies for the conversion of biomass into energy, and issues related to sustainable land use. The research indicated that public policies and government incentives are crucial for fostering the development of the sector, as well as social awareness and the acceptance of biomass by the population. Conclusion: The research concluded that, in spite of the challenges faced, biomass has a promising role in the construction of a more sustainable energy future in Brazil. Progress in this sector depends on a joint effort between government, private sector and civil society, focusing on innovation, research and implementation of sustainable practices. If well managed, biomass could contribute significantly to Brazil's energy transition, promoting a more sustainable and inclusive future.

Исследование влияния внедрения практик устойчивого развития на экологическую и социально-экономическую ответственность горнодобывающих компаний России

The article analyses the effects of implementing sustainable development practices on the environmental and social responsibility of the Russian mining companies for the period from 2010 to 2030. The methodology includes statistical analyses of the key environmental and social responsibility indicators, stakeholder interviews and studying information disclosed by the companies. The results demonstrate a positive impact of the sustainable development practices on reducing the specific greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of recycled waste and investment in environmental protection, as well as reducing the injury rates and enhancing satisfaction of the local communities. Key drivers and barriers to the implementation of sustainability principles in the industry are identified. A roadmap is developed to enhance their integration into the strategies and operating activities of companies. Recommendations are formulated to improve the regulatory and legal framework and the government policy in this area. The study contributes to understanding of the role that sustainable development plays in enhancing the environmental and social responsibility of the Russian mining sector and it proposes specific measures for their further promotion. The prospects for further research include an in-depth analysis of the economic effects of implementing sustainability practices and the development of industry standards in this area.

Business opportunities for american companies in Brazil: the connection between environmental law and sustainability

This article aims to explore sustainable business opportunities for American companies in Brazil, highlighting the connection between Brazilian environmental law and the global scenario of social and environmental responsibility. Brazil is emerging as an important opportunity for sustainable investments, especially for American companies seeking to align profit and social and environmental responsibility. Furthermore, with a vast wealth of natural resources, the country offers a favorable environment for sustainable development initiatives. The growing global pressure for sustainable business practices, supported by international guidelines and local legislation, highlights Brazil as a strategic destination for sustainable businesses, and the growth of environmental, social and governance (ESG) concerns on the international stage, together with the country's commitment to sustainable development and global agreements such as the Paris Agreement, reinforces the country's attractiveness as an investment destination. Furthermore, compliance with Brazilian environmental legislation, although challenging, can offer significant competitive advantages, including access to tax incentives and credibility with consumers and investors, and opportunities such as the carbon credit market and the implementation of sustainable practices in key sectors position Brazil as a hub for innovation and sustainable growth. By investigating the incentives provided by the country's environmental legislation, we seek to demonstrate how the alignment between economic development and environmental preservation can generate competitive advantages for foreign companies interested in the Brazilian market.

Fast segment anything model applied in a low-cost camera-based system for oyster growth monitoring

The increase in the global population has been accompanied by an increase in demand for animal protein, consequently driving the growth of the aquaculture sector as a sustainable solution to satisfy this demand. Observing the growth of animals in farm environments is vital to assess the efficiency of feeding methods, identify health problems or environmental stressors, and help implement sustainable practices. The application of cameras enables remote monitoring of various environments and activities in real time, providing quick insights, improving security measures, and facilitating decision-making based on the collected data. This paper proposes a low-cost camera system and an image processing-based strategy to monitor and measure the size of Pacific oysters inside a tank. The fast segment anything model algorithm is implemented in the Python programming language to perform image segmentation and generate object masks for subsequent processing. The size of oysters is obtained by measuring the distance between the parallel lines of the bounding box that is generated surrounding them. The largest absolute errors and relative errors for the estimates were 3 mm and 5.13%, respectively, when compared to measurements made manually. Furthermore, the width and height have standard deviations of 0.6 and 0.3 mm, respectively, indicating low data dispersion and good repeatability of the algorithm. Since the accuracy of the human eye in estimating a dimension without the aid of a distance measuring instrument tends to be lower than that obtained by the proposed tool, it is believed that the approach can significantly contribute to the management of oyster farm production, providing strategic insights based on animal growth for producers.

The future of scientific labs: how we are making our research more sustainable.

The need for climate action is becoming increasingly urgent, and research labs need to be part of the solution. Scientific labs consume large amounts of energy and water and produce significant waste. Globally, scientific research generates over 5.5 million tons of plastic waste annually, which is ~2% of the world's plastic waste. Recognizing the need for sustainability in research, the La Trobe Green Labs program leads this effort in Australia. Since receiving Australia's first "MyGreenLab" certification in 2021, a dedicated steering committee of volunteers has driven successful green initiatives at La Trobe University. The program ensures proper implementation of sustainable practices, enhanced safety and integration with existing operations. More importantly, these small changes will initiate wide-scale and long-term transformations that will improve research into more sustainable options for the future.

Spatial Analysis of Sustainable and Agricultural Development in Southern Brazil

This study aimed to develop and analyze a Sustainable and Agricultural Development Index (SADI) for the municipalities of the Southern Region of Brazil. The methodology employed included factor analysis through principal component analysis, followed by exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to examine the spatial distribution of the index. The results indicate a generally medium-low level of sustainable agricultural development, with the highest index value being 0.5885 and most others falling below 0.5. The ESDA revealed strong evidence of significant positive spatial correlation among the municipalities, as well as considerable disparities in sustainable and agricultural development across the region. These disparities highlight the need for targeted public policies and coordinated initiatives to improve infrastructure, promote technological innovation, and implement sustainable agricultural practices, aiming for balanced and inclusive growth in the region.