Implementation Of Management Measures Research Articles

Fish aggregations and reproductive behaviour on mesophotic coral ecosystems of a southwestern Atlantic Oceanic archipelago

ABSTRACT Dozens of marine fish species are known to form spawning aggregations, a behaviour that often increases the species vulnerability to fisheries. Therefore, it is widely recommended for aggregation sites to be considered a conservation priority, and implementation of management measures on those sites is essential. Here, we report for the first time the reproductive behaviour of the marbled grouper Dermatolepis inermis, observed at a lower mesophotic coral ecosystem of Fernando de Noronha, an oceanic tropical archipelago in the southwestern Atlantic. The event was characterised by an aggregation of six adult fish, displaying courtship behaviour and reproductive colouration. We also recorded an aggregation of about 20 dog snappers Lutjanus jocu at the same site, but no reproductive behaviour was observed. Finally, another aggregation was observed in the island’s upper mesophotic reefs, with 25 terminal phase individuals of the Brazilian endemic parrotfish Sparisoma amplum. Our report reinforces the biological importance of mesophotic coral ecosystems, and highlights the urgent need of governmental policies for studying, monitoring, and protecting those reefs.

The Invasive Macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae: Substrata Plasticity and Spatial Colonization Pressure on Resident Macroalgae

The present study constitutes the first evaluation of the space colonization strategies performed by Rugulopteryx okamurae when co-occurring with the resident macroalgal community in the introduced areas. Since the first apparition of the nonindigenous macroalga in the Strait of Gibraltar, its high propagation capacity together with its colonization ability has enhanced the establishment success of the species in detriment of the resident biota. In this study, we carried out observational surveys during 2017–2020 in order to assess the coverage levels of R. okamurae on different lighting conditions, surface orientations, and substrata types (artificial and natural). Results revealed that, beyond the high percent coverages already reported at illuminated and semi-illuminated natural rocky habitats, R. okamurae is able to settle on a wide variety of artificial substrata. The settlement performance of the species was also investigated and different mechanisms underlying the space colonization were proposed. Thus, R. okamurae was observed interacting with 43 resident macroalgal species at generally illuminated rocky habitats of the northern Strait coasts. Six colonization mechanisms were proposed for spatial growth scenarios. Overall, results pointed out that, in most of the cases where the invasive species co-occur with the resident community, R. okamurae would be favored as regards spatial growth success. Competitive interactions and environmental factors which influence results obtained must be addressed in order to fully predict impacts on resident communities. Moreover, together with previous scientific works, overall data provided in this study highlight the need to urgent implement management measures focused on habitats susceptible to be invaded, as well as studies on the ecology and dispersal vectors of R. okamurae in the Strait of Gibraltar and adjacent areas.

Sustainability status of the grouper fishery in the Azores archipelago: A length-based approach

Small-scale fisheries, demersal, in particular, are a main fishery component in the Azores archipelago, catching a high diversity of species, including “groupers” (Serranidae family) that have high commercial value and demand in the market. Blacktail comber (Serranus atricauda) and Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) dominate grouper landings, but their fishery status in the Azores is generally unknown. This study applied a length-based approach (Length-Structured Growth-Type-Group Model) to assess the status of grouper fisheries in the Azores, using length-composition data from the commercial fishery and covering distinct gear selectivity and spatial (islands) patterns. Blacktail comber is in worse condition than dusky grouper, with spawning potential ratio (SPR) estimates below 30%, which indicates that this species is fished currently at unsustainable levels in the Azores; SPR for dusky grouper, well above 30%, suggests that this species is fished at sustainable levels. Given the low SPR estimates for São Miguel Island, we propose to, urgently, develop, and implement management measures to ensure the recovery and sustainability of blacktail comber. Our findings support the development of management measures that take into account different selectivity by fleet (gear) and the distinct fishing strategies by island (spatial patterns). This study, the first attempt to assess the sustainability status of serranids in the Azores, highlighted limitations of the sampling coverage that deserve urgent fix, as well as other areas where improvements are critical to ensure the sustainability of these resources in the Azores.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE "CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT" METHODOLOGY WITHIN THE QUALITYMANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT A PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISE

The aim of the work is to form a mandatory methodology "Conformity Assessment" within the framework of the implementation of environmental and energy management systems in the context of the formation of an integrated management system at a pharmaceutical enterprise. The development and implementation of an integrated quality system at a pharmaceutical enterprise will contribute to the maximum achievement of the strategic goals of the enterprise and the fulfillment of the balanced requirements of all parties interested in the efficient and effective functioning of the pharmaceutical enterprise. It has been proven that the creation of an integrated quality system at a pharmaceutical enterprise will optimize all types of resources, combine and interconnect management processes, reduce possible contradictions between various aspects of an organization's activities, reduce the cost of developing, operating and certifying an enterprise management system, create a unified training system and a management system. documentation. The "Conformity Assessment" methodology and the Conformity Assessment Sheet to legislative and other requirements in the field of environmental management and energy management have been developed to provide an opportunity to consider the processes of the integrated quality system from the standpoint of their impact on the compliance of the enterprise's performance with the established requirements of stakeholders, rational use of energy resources, determine environmental aspects and their impact on the environment, plan and implement management measures to minimize risks, and contribute to the realization of opportunities by prioritizing the activities of the pharmaceutical enterprise.

Salinity shapes food webs of lakes in semiarid climate zones: a stable isotope approach

ABSTRACT In arid and semiarid regions, extreme temperature events and the frequency and duration of drought will increase toward 2050, leading to increased salinisation of inland waters, aggravated by catchment erosion and human activities (e.g., crop irrigation). With salinisation, a decline in biodiversity is expected, with potential negative effects on food web structure and ecosystem dynamics. Our objective was to assess the changes in community and food web structure in 24 lakes along a wide salinity gradient (i.e., subsaline to hypersaline) in a semiarid region in northwest China. Fish, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrate communities were sampled for taxonomic determination, size structure, and stable isotope analysis (SIA; δ13C and δ15N). Based on SIA, we calculated the Layman metrics: nitrogen range, carbon range, total area, standard ellipses area, and the trophic position, for each community and for the entire food web. We found a reduced number of taxa of all analysed communities, and the complexity of the entire food web decreased in most saline lakes. In addition, the trophic diversity and trophic position declined, less so in the larger lakes, but these effects were not significant when studying the community food webs separately. Our results suggest that increasing salinisation with ongoing climate warming will have negative effects on lake ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions, emphasising the need to implement management measures at the watershed level to prevent or mitigate future changes in food web structure and biodiversity due to salinisation.

Predicting flood events in Kathmandu Metropolitan City under climate change and urbanisation

Urbanisation and climate change collectively impose the threat of urban flood. The impervious transformation and changes in local climatic conditions increase the risk of frequent pluvial flooding in Kathmandu. Therefore, this study aims to assess the integrated impact of urbanisation and climate change on pluvial flooding in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, using the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model. The future daily rainfall from three Regional Climate Models under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and the observed daily data has been disaggregated to hourly series using temporal rainfall disaggregation. The result shows that the combined impact on pluvial flood is likely to intensify with relatively more contribution from climate change. The CNRM-CM5-CSIRO-CCAM under the RCP 4.5 scenario projects the maximum increase (60–90%) in flood volume for current (75%) and extreme (90%) imperviousness, under a 2-year and 20-year return period (RP) with the extent of the flood area increasing more than the depth. For a 2-year RP, areas with a depth of 0.10–0.25 m are likely to expand while those from 0.25 to 0.40 m in depth are projected to have more velocity, and these trends are expected to be magnified for higher RPs. The study shows that even though urbanisation contributes less to urban pluvial flood, it can be a catalyst for exaggerating other factors and implementing management measures. For instance, the application of small-scale rainwater harvesting, and overflow storage reduced the runoff, thereby reducing the flood volume by 20–35%. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need for planning management strategies such as evaluation and upgrading of conventional drainage systems with low impact measures (rainwater harvesting and green roofs); technical and financial assistance to urban dwellers in adopting the management measures or a combination of them based on the location, requirements, and availability of information and resources to reduce the effects of pluvial flood in Kathmandu.

Research on the implementation of network Platform construction and University education management

The construction of network platform, so that more and more advanced technology is applied to education and management, not only can efficiently obtain educational information, as well as the change of students' thought and behavior. It can also build an information management system with the help of advanced technology to effectively improve the effectiveness of educational management. Therefore, the present situation of education management is analyzed, and the effective application of network platform and the implementation of management measures are put forward to provide reference for further optimization of education management.

PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT MEASURES IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED PRIVATE ENTERPRISES IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

The operating and development environment of small and medium private enterprises in Zhejiang has undergone major changes. Under the trend of fierce market competition and continuous economic development, some of the disadvantages and drawbacks of private small, medium and micro enterprises are constantly exposed. Among them, the financial management of enterprises is particularly prominent. The purpose of writing a scientific article is to analyze the existing problems of financial management of small and medium enterprises in China, as well as to identify priority strategic management measures, the implementation of which will promote the development of business entities. This article analyzes the problems in the financial management of private small and medium-sized enterprises, mainly due to poor financing ability; business operators lack financial risk management awareness; financial management is weak and financial systems are not sound; investment is lacking in science. Problems existing in financial management of private small and medium enterprises in Zhejiang: private small and medium enterprises have limited capital strength and lack of capital becomes their development bottleneck; private enterprises have weak awareness of financial risks; the financial management mode is rigid, and the quality of enterprise personnel is uneven. Small and medium private enterprises must actively adapt to changes and innovate financial management. Only by further strengthening financial management and optimizing the implementation of management measures can the scientific rationality of private small and medium enterprises in the market development be ensured. Enterprises need optimize financial management models.

Ecological niche models predict the potential distribution of the exotic rotifer Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) across the globe

The invasion of non-native species is one of the major factors influencing the loss of biodiversity. The rotifer Kellicottia bostoniensis, which is native to North America, has been registered in several other countries and on other continents. We investigated the main climatic-environmental variables suitable for the potential distribution of K. bostoniensis and, hence, the areas of non-native regions where it could spread. We used different statistical niche models within an ensemble forecasting approach to estimate environmental suitability and the potential global distribution area of K. bostoniensis. Precipitation in the driest month and temperature in the coldest month were the most important variables in predicting the distribution of the species. Our predictions indicated that countries with high invasive potential included Argentina and Brazil (South America), Croatia, France, and Germany (Europe). The results also revealed that many areas with high invasive potential, such as East Asia, have no recorded occurrences yet. Our study provides important information for implement management measures to deal with the problems of the spread of K. bostoniensis through ballast water and aquaculture in countries and regions highly susceptible to invasion (mainly areas that the species has not yet reached), thus providing useful information for decision making.

Changes in growth and migration patterns of sea trout before and after the introduction of Atlantic salmon farming

Abstract Marine growth has strong implications for reproductive potential and ultimate fitness of sea trout. Hence, the effects of anthropogenic factors on marine growth are important when evaluating population responses and implementing management measures. Temporal changes in growth patterns of sea trout from three Norwegian and two Irish watercourses were examined, covering time spans of 25–65 years. Elemental chemistry Ba:Ca profiles and visual reading of fish scales were used to estimate smolt length and lifetime growth after first sea entry. Reduced growth after the first sea entry coincided with periods of nearby (<14 km) salmon-farming activity in impacted watersheds in both countries. Increased Ba:Ca levels were also recorded during these periods, likely indicating reduced residency in marine habitats caused by premature return to freshwater and estuaries. An increase in estimated length at first sea entry coinciding with salmon-farming activity, for groups of fish sampled after sea migration, suggests a size-selective marine mortality, with the smallest individuals experiencing a larger mortality.

System of management of commercial processes of a trading enterprise

Introduction. The basis of trade is the purchase and sale of goods due to the change of forms of value. Today, various forms and spheres of activity of commodity markets have been formed, which have different commodity and labor resources, material and technical base. Therefore, the purchase and sale of goods from suppliers, which is based on a commercial basis, not to exhaust the entire variety of commercial activities. Taking into account all types and stages of commercial processes, it is advisable for commercial enterprises to plan their activities carefully, develop a commercial strategy that must be directed to bringing goods to consumers, which is accompanied by commercial actions and operations, the tactic of which is to reduce current costs. The organization of commercial processes and operations is the basis of commercial activity and the level of their management depends on the profitability of a commercial enterprise. The purpose of the paper is the theoretical justification and formation of organizational and methodological approaches to building an effective management system for commercial processes of a commercial enterprise. Results. The paper proves the needs of deep research of the commercial process management system of a commercial enterprise. The content and sequence of commercial processes are studied according to their varieties. The functions of managing commercial processes are justified. The scheme interaction of the main functional processes of commercial activity is constructed. The developed parameters for evaluating the conditions for implementing functional processes of commercial activity of a commercial enterprise, as the main component of the planning and control function in the management system. Conclusion. The content of the commercial process management is to form an effective system for bringing the product from the manufacturer to the consumer. The main commercial processes include the processes of studying and forming demand for goods, determining the need for goods and services, searching for customers, selecting suppliers, concluding transactions, implementing management measures for the purchase and sale of goods. The commercial activity of the trading company has undergone significant changes. In this regard, it needs to be constantly changed and improved, and in today’s conditions as well. The main focus should be on the interests of the end user, and therefore the information support of commercial activities should be given priority over other areas of commercial work.

Occupational Cancer Protection by Most Recommended International Administrative Control

Background and purpose: Microwave and radio waves are a class of non-ionizing beams that have a variety of applications in different environments, and uncontrolled exposure to these beams can lead to cancer. Implementation of management measures can result in lower exposure and acceptable efficiency in controlling occupational exposure to these beams. Using a descriptive review, this study examines the most managerial measures recommended by international organizations to control occupational exposure to these beams.
 Analysis method: Initially, the relevant sciences and reference organizations were identified concerning the research topic. Then, keywords were designed based on the PICO principle. Information published by related organizations that were in the form of a Governmental Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Report, Guideline, Manual was reviewed without time limitation in English. Besides, searches were made on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and deleting duplicate, unrelated information as well as retrieving resources was performed. After providing the full text of the relevant material, the process of translating and extracting information related to the research subject was carried out, with the focus on organizations and suggested management measures. This study did not include studies such as animal studies, descriptive studies, empirical studies, meta-analysis, and systematic review. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were not used.

Local ecological knowledge of shellfish collectors in an extractivist reserve, Northeast Brazil: implications for co-management

The Local Ecological Knowledge of shellfish harvesters in a Northern Brazil estuary was recorded to provide socio-ecological information for the development of a co-management system. The research was carried out in the community of Acau, Paraiba state, from January to October 2015, and involved 120 shellfish harvesters (average age 44 years). Participant observations, interviews, questionnaires, free lists, and participatory mapping were used. Shellfishes were mostly collected by women as their main source of income. Most shellfish extraction sites were closest to the community and provided easy access to the resource. Twelve species of mollusks are collected, with Anomalocardia flexuosa being the most targeted species, with the highest Cognitive Salience Index—it stood out due to its relevance in terms of economic and cultural importance. The fishers stated that their main difficulties were transporting shellfish, health problems, low price and lack of buyers during winter. They would like to see the implementation of a fishery closure subsidized by unemployment insurance. We suggest that implementing management measures in conjunction with fishers’ input would be more effective than decisions based on scientific evidence alone.

Evaluation of depth erosion as a major issue along regulated rivers using the classification tool Valmorph for the case study of the Lower Rhine

ABSTRACTDepth erosion often occurs along rivers. Erosional tendencies are mainly caused by river training works, course shortenings, flood protection and reduced sediment supply due to dams and weirs. Balanced sedimentation, transport and erosion processes are of utmost importance for the connectivity of rivers and floodplains as well as for human water uses. In order to classify the level of bed incision, investigations were carried out for the case study area of the Lower Rhine in Germany, Europe’s most used waterway, using the hydromorphological classification tool Valmorph. It was developed to capture, quantify and evaluate hydromorphological conditions and changes. Comparative conditions for an evaluation have to be derived predominantly from type-specific historical quantitative data analyses. This paper analyses the Valmorph indicator ‘mean bed level changes’. Data relating to the heights of the river bed levels between the years 1896–2010 were investigated. The classifications show an immense reduction from the previously extremely high erosion rates. Additionally, the monitoring identifies cause–effect relationships between incision rates and implemented sediment management measures. The findings are shown for various temporal and spatial resolutions, reflecting the development of the depth erosion. The knowledge obtained can be used for river basin management, for example for designing large-scale measures to restore river ecosystems with sediment deficits and for monitoring their success.

Demersal Fishing in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations

In areas beyond national jurisdiction, there are ten regional fisheries bodies (RFBs) responsible for the management of bottom fisheries (ABNJ). Eight of these organisations are further termed ‘Regional Fisheries Management Organisations’ (RFMOs) and have a legal mandate to regulate the sustainable use of marine living resources on the high seas. The remaining two, both in the equatorial Atlantic, are limited to advisory roles. Here we present comparisons between these organisations’ management of deep-water demersal fisheries, with particular respect to how they have respectively adopted the suite of available measures for the mitigation of significant adverse impacts (SAIs) upon vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). Each organisation was scored against 99 performance criteria that either related to their capacity to implement management measures (‘Capacity’); the number and effectiveness of measures they have implemented (‘Action’); and the intensity and spatial extent of the activities they regulate (‘Need’). For most organisations, action and need scores were proportional, as the more actions an organisation takes to reduce risk to VMEs, the more it reduces the scope for improvement. However, comparisons between capacity and action scores indicate that, in some organisations, there remain several aspects of VME impact mitigation that could be improved. In the case of RFBs, or recently established RFMOs, capacity gaps are still considerable, suggesting that these organisations receive additional scientific, technical, legal, and financial support, to ensure that they are able to meet current and future objectives. Further, there is little evidence of significant cooperation between adjacent or overlapping organisations in the development and application of conservation measures, highlighting the need for an agreement on the management of biodiversity, rather than sectors, in ABNJ.

Current status investigation of delirium knowledge and management among ICU nurses in 187 hospitals in China

Objective To investigate the status of delirium knowledge and delirium management among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for improving the recognition and management ability of delirium among ICU nurses. Methods By convenience sampling method and self-designed ICU Delirium Status Data Collection Table, a questionnaire survey was conducted among participants in the 2018 critical care specialist nurses training course held by the Chinese Nursing Association of 187 hospitals from 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The knowledge of delirium among nurses in ICU and the influencing factors were analyzed. The ICU delirium management in the participating nurses' hospitals were investigated. Results ICU nurses' score in mastery of the definition, clinical manifestation, risk factors, assessment tools, treatment, nursing and prevention knowledge of delirium in ICU was 3 (3, 4) points (5 points system) ; 94 nurses had participated in and 93 nurses had never participated in systematic training of ICU delirium. There were statistical differences in the mastery of delirium knowledge between the two groups (P< 0.01) ; 132 nurses' hospitals had not yet carried out ICU delirium assessment; only 14 nurses' hospitals implemented ICU delirium cluster management measures. Conclusions ICU nurses have insufficient knowledge of ICU delirium, and the clinical implementation rate of delirium management in ICU is low. Systematic training should be carried out to improve the knowledge level of ICU nurses in order to change their attitude and behavior towards delirium management in ICU. Key words: Delirium; Nurses; Intensive care unit; Knowledge; Delirium management

Indicator-Based Sustainability Assessment Tool to Support Coastal and Marine Management

The applied Indicator-based Sustainability Assessment Tool (InSAT) serves as a user-friendly computer-aided tool to support coastal and marine management. Focus is on sustainable coastal development, including environmental, social, and economic aspects. We apply the InSAT to assess the changes in sustainability before, during, and after the implementation of management measures. The assessments address three case studies in Lithuania: the construction of a liquefied natural gas terminal in Klaipeda, the renewal of the port of Sventoji, and the opening of a beach in Nida. The application of core and optional indicators highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the management measures. We analyze to what extent, how, and when the InSAT can be applied within a stepwise Systems Approach Framework (SAF) to support sustainable coastal and marine management. Further, we assess how the tool can be applied within other integrated approaches. The application of tailor-made indicators helps to identify potential conflicts and raise discussions about sustainable development between stakeholders and decision-makers and therefore supports the decision-making process. The tool indicates the management measures’ weaknesses, but the assessment results do not indicate what kind of solutions should be undertaken. However, it can still serve to support, guide, and supplement the participation and discussion processes.

Human parvovirus B19 research concerning the safety of blood and plasma derivatives in China

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common human pathogen which is associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Since B19V can be transmitted via blood and plasma derivatives, it has been considered to pose great risk in transfusion safety. Since the early 21st century, European Pharmacopoeia, the Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association and U.S. Food and Drug Administration have proposed a list of guidelines to reduce the risk of B19V transmission by plasma derivatives. In terms of blood, some countries implement management measures on B19V to maximize the safety of blood transfusion. In China, no related documentation for monitoring B19V has been issued. The aim of this review is to discuss the risk for B19V transmission through blood and plasma derivatives in China. The issues raised with the intention to contribute to further development of risk management measures.

Long-term population status of two harvested intertidal grazers (Patella aspera and Patella candei), before (1996–2006) and after (2007–2017) the implementation of management measures

Intertidal limpets are subject to harvesting pressure in regions, e.g. oceanic islands, where marine organisms are a more accessible source of protein. These molluscs are very sensitive to human exploitation which often results on a decrease of their densities and an over-representation of immature individuals, because of the loss of large-sized reproductive specimens. Two species of exploited limpets (Patella aspera and Patella candei) were assessed throughout 21 years, before (1996–2006) and after (2007–2017) the implementation of conservation measures for their sustainable management in Madeira (North-eastern Atlantic Ocean). Different levels of anthropogenic pressure were also taken in account in this comparative study: (i) proximity to coastal settlements (“Near” vs. “Far”) and (ii) accessibility to the coast (North vs. South), that may be considered surrogates of harvesting pressure on the intertidal of Madeira. The present results showed that the stocks of P. aspera and P. candei are slightly recovered after regulatory measures entered into force, with an increase of mean shell length and dominance of reproductive individuals (>40 mm). P. aspera populations showed a clearer effect mainly due to the higher exploitation rate relative to P. candei. Conservation measures prompted a positive effect on both exploited limpet species, but further assessment studies are necessary to address the evolution of stocks over time.

Stochastic assessment of management strategies for a Mediterranean peri-urban wild boar population.

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) population spread into urban and periurban areas has exacerbated conflicts with humans. There is a need for planned wild boar management strategies, and Population viability analysis (PVA) combined with perturbation analyses allow the assessment of the management effort of control methods. Our study aims to develop stochastic predictive models of the increasing wild boar population of the 80 km2 peri-urban Mediterranean area of Collserola Natural Park (CNP), located near Barcelona, Spain, as well as assessing specific management measures (including reduced food availability, selective harvest, and reduction in fertility). Population parameters were estimated from previously published census and hunting data provided by the CNP and the local hunting administration. The results revealed that under the current conditions the CNP wild boar population will continue to increase. The most efficient strategy to reduce wild boar abundance was a combination of reducing supplementary anthropogenic food resources and selective removal of juvenile (<1 year) and yearling (1–2 years) wild boar. These strategies will probably be also the most efficient ones in other oversupplemented increasing wild boar populations in similar situations, although specific studies will be needed to fine-tune the best management option for each context. PVA allows the prediction of future population trends and the assessment of the efficacy and efficiency of potential management strategies before implementing management measures.