IP Implementation Research Articles

47‐4: A Novel Demura Compensation Data Compression Algorithm based on JPEG‐LS

JPEG‐LS is a lossless/near‐lossless image compression algorithm based on context modeling, which has the advantages of easy implementation, low resource consumption and high compression rate. It is widely used in the compression field of continuous‐tone still images. However, single image compression has significant latency and high hardware resource consumption issues, as the JPEG‐LS algorithm requires pixel by pixel prediction and real‐time context updates during the compression process, which is not conducive to algorithm IP implementation. Based on Demura compensation data compression requirements, this article has made changes to the pixel prediction method of the JPEG‐LS algorithm and delayed the update of the context to solve the compression latency and resource consumption issues. After algorithm optimization (NJPEGLS), the linebuffer resource occupation was reduced by 8/9, the clock frequency reached above 140 MHz, and the comprehensive compression rate loss was within 4.5%, meeting the demand for Demura compensation data compression/decompression. In this paper, we also conducted statistics and analysis on the distribution of values, and found that the distribution of values was very regular, and we propose an adaptive value scheme (KNJPEG‐LS) to further simplify the hardware circuit.

Edge Detection on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

Edges are significant local changes in the image and are very important features for analysing images. Edges typically occur on the boundary between two different regions in an image. An edge in an image is a significant local change in the image intensity, usually associated with a discontinuity in either the image intensity or the first derivative of the image intensity. Edge detection is one of the tools that can be used in many image processing applications for withdrawing information from image. Sobel edge detection is one of the operators that operate on gradient based edge selection methods to find edge pixels in the image. This report proposed an implementation of Sobel edge Detection algorithm to find the pixels in grayscale images. We present a video streaming architecture and IP implementation using high level synthesis. A video with 720p resolution streamed from the HDMI source and real time edge detected video captured on another monitor. For implementation, ZYBO board or kit is used with Vivado software with 2018.3 V, which has provided adequate peripherals for implementation.

Implementation of a Bio-Inspired Neural Architecture for Autonomous Vehicles on a Multi-FPGA Platform

Autonomous vehicles require efficient self-localisation mechanisms and cameras are the most common sensors due to their low cost and rich input. However, the computational intensity of visual localisation varies depending on the environment and requires real-time processing and energy-efficient decision-making. FPGAs provide a solution for prototyping and estimating such energy savings. We propose a distributed solution for implementing a large bio-inspired visual localisation model. The workflow includes (1) an image processing IP that provides pixel information for each visual landmark detected in each captured image, (2) an implementation of N-LOC, a bio-inspired neural architecture, on an FPGA board and (3) a distributed version of N-LOC with evaluation on a single FPGA and a design for use on a multi-FPGA platform. Comparisons with a pure software solution demonstrate that our hardware-based IP implementation yields up to 9× lower latency and 7× higher throughput (frames/second) while maintaining energy efficiency. Our system has a power footprint as low as 2.741 W for the whole system, which is up to 5.5–6× less than what Nvidia Jetson TX2 consumes on average. Our proposed solution offers a promising approach for implementing energy-efficient visual localisation models on FPGA platforms.

Accelerating malaria elimination in Cambodia: an intensified approach for targeting at-risk populations

BackgroundMalaria in Cambodia has decreased by 90.8% between 2010 and 2020, driven by the commitment of the National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria (CNM) and the achievements of the roll-out of a village malaria worker programme. However, in the first seven months of 2018, CNM identified a 207% increase (11,969 to 36,778) in confirmed malaria cases compared to the same months in the previous year. To address this increase, CNM developed the “Intensification Plan” (IP), implemented between October 2018 and December 2020.MethodsThe structure of the IP was summarized, including the selection of sites, the interventions implemented in the selected health facility catchment areas (HFCAs) and the monitoring and evaluation process. Data on IP interventions were collected by CNM and civil society organisations. Data on malaria cases and tests from all HFCAs in Cambodia from January 2018 to December 2020 were sourced from the Cambodia Malaria Information System (MIS) and WHO Malaria Elimination Database. Malaria data from IP HFCAs and non-IP HFCAs was analysed and compared to present the changes in malaria testing and confirmed cases before and during implementation of the IP.ResultsBetween October 2018 and December 2020, through the IP 16,902 forest packs and 293,090 long-lasting insecticide treated nets were distributed. In the 45 HFCAs included in the IP, 431,143 malaria tests were performed and 29,819 malaria cases were diagnosed, 5364 (18%) of which were Plasmodium falciparum/mixed cases. During the intervention period, over all HFCAs included in IP, P. falciparum/mixed cases declined from 1029 to 39, a 96.2% decrease, and from 25.4 P. falciparum/mixed cases per HFCA to 0.9. HFCAs not included in IP declined from 468 to 43 cases, a 90.8% decrease, showing that routine malaria activities in Cambodia were also playing an important contribution to malaria control.ConclusionsOver the course of IP implementation there was a substantial increase in malaria testing and both overall malaria cases and P. falciparum/mixed cases decreased month on month. The initiative yields lessons learned for Cambodia to reach the final stage of elimination as well as for other countries aiming to accelerate their malaria control programmes.

Customizable FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerator for Standard Convolution Processes Empowered with Quantization Applied to LiDAR Data.

In recent years there has been an increase in the number of research and developments in deep learning solutions for object detection applied to driverless vehicles. This application benefited from the growing trend felt in innovative perception solutions, such as LiDAR sensors. Currently, this is the preferred device to accomplish those tasks in autonomous vehicles. There is a broad variety of research works on models based on point clouds, standing out for being efficient and robust in their intended tasks, but they are also characterized by requiring point cloud processing times greater than the minimum required, given the risky nature of the application. This research work aims to provide a design and implementation of a hardware IP optimized for computing convolutions, rectified linear unit (ReLU), padding, and max pooling. This engine was designed to enable the configuration of features such as varying the size of the feature map, filter size, stride, number of inputs, number of filters, and the number of hardware resources required for a specific convolution. Performance results show that by resorting to parallelism and quantization approach, the proposed solution could reduce the amount of logical FPGA resources by 40 to 50%, enhancing the processing time by 50% while maintaining the deep learning operation accuracy.

Design and Implementation of SDN IP Based on Open Network Operating System and Border Gateway Protocol

The development of computer network technology in the form of Software Defined Networking (SDN), provides many facilities for users to be able to develop network control applications, which can separate the data plane function from the control plane. The existence of this separation on routers and switches makes it easy for developers to centrally develop software and devices according to what is needed by users. However, there were obstacles to implementing SDN on IP networks in a short time. For this reason, it is necessary to implement SDN in stages by adding SDN to the existing IP network in the form of SDN IP, so that SDN can be connected and exchange routing information autonomously. This study focuses on the design and implementation of SDN IP using the Open Network Operating System (ONOS) on the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The results show that the design and implementation of SDN IP based on ONOS and BGP can be done well, where SDN can connect and exchange routing information with the Autonomous System (AS) native BGP-based network.
 
 Key word(s):
 Autonomous System (AS)
 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
 Open Network Operating System (ONOS)
 Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
 SDN IP

Implementing the Individual Placement and Support approach in institutional settings for employment and mental health services – perceptions and challenges from a case study in Denmark

ABSTRACT ‘Individual Placement and Support’ (IPS) is a supported employment approach targeted at people with severe mental health problems. A central principle in IPS is the integration of mental health and employment services. In Denmark, IPS has been implemented through cross-sectoral collaboration between municipal public employment services and regional mental health services. This study examines the implementation of IPS through a case-study of four IPS units. The study is theoretically informed by an institutional logic approach, and based on document analysis and interviews with stakeholders in IPS units, public employment services and mental health services. The findings show how the IPS units came under pressure to adjust the model in order to fit into the common strategies of public employment services, which favoured internships and wage subsidies. The integration of IPS with mental health services was also found to be challenging as mental health services regarded IPS as a parallel service rather than a mutual responsibility. Parts of the standardised procedures set by the IPS fidelity scale were challenged by managers from both sectors. In spite of these challenges, both sectors regarded IPS as an innovative and meaningful approach and supported the sustainability of the programme.

Design, optimisation and implementation of a DCT/IDCT-based image processing system on FPGA

In this paper, a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and its inverse transform IDCT are designed and optimised for FPGA using the Xilinx VIVADO High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tool. The DCT and IDCT algorithms along with a filter logic written by C/C++ are simulated for functional verification and optimised through HLS and packaged as custom IPs. The IPs are incorporated into a VIVADO project to form an image processing system for hardware validation. The VIVADO design along with a Xilinx SDK application written by C language is implemented on a Zynq FPGA development board, ZedBoard. A C# GUI is developed to transfer image data to/from the FPGA and display the original and processed images. Experimental results are presented with discussion. The FPGA development method including the DCT/IDCT IP design, optimisation and implementation via HLS as well as the VIVADO project integration can be extended to a wider range of FPGA applications.

Implementing the individual placement and support model of supported employment in Japan: Barriers and strategies.

In spite of the effectiveness of the individual placement and support model of supported employment (IPS) for the recovery of people with mental illness, the implementation and dissemination of IPS in Japan have not been straightforward. This paper summarizes barriers against the implementation of IPS in Japan and discusses potential strategies to overcome them. We reviewed IPS research performed in Japan through literature search, and summarized current employment services and policies in Japan along with a practice report of an ongoing IPS program in a local city in Japan. Barriers against the implementation of IPS in Japan included: (a) systems designed mainly for group-based services, (b) weak recognition of IPS, and (c) cultural background. Nevertheless, we identified 4 intervention studies of IPS in Japanese settings, and all found that more than 40% of the participants gained their employment through IPS. By utilizing available services, the IPE program in Hamada City achieved ∼50% employment rate and sufficient fidelity. The present data indicate that, by combining currently available services, IPS can be implemented successfully in Japan. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Design and Implementation of FFT IP using Pipelined Hybrid Adder and Distributed Arithmetic Based Complex Multiplier

In current inventive technology, latency, power and area are the crucial parameters to outline any kind of the algorithm on FPGA. The fundamental tool used for DSP applications is Fast Fourier Transform. FFT plays a vital role in acquiring the signal characteristics with least use of carrying out parameters. The adder plays an utmost importance. To make the best possible adder design regarding delay and area, various works have been proposed before. In proposed system, a combination different sub adders like Carry Look ahead adder (CLA), Ripple carry adder (RCA), and Carry save adder (CSA) is proposed. This reduces the delay and area but also increases the speed. The hybrid adders is proposed to represent FFT architecture inplace of conventional adders. Hybrid adder will act as a complex adder. Speed multipliers are fundamental parts of DSP systems. Multipliers are complex process and consumes more time. In order to lower the complexity multiplication, various multiplier less method are introduced. An efficient DA based complex multiplier is proposed, inplace of regular multiplier. The pipelining technique is applied only to hybrid adder. The design of Radix-2 FFT for 8 point of FFT, 1024 point of FFT is done, programmed using Verilog language. Using Xilinx 14.5i tool with Spartan 6 kit, Simulation is achieved.

Implementation of Dynamic Routing OSPF and Loopback IP for Failover IBGP Connections

Implementation of Dynamic Routing OSPF and Loopback IP for Failover IBGP Connections

2D-CWT IP core design and implementation for fringe pattern analysis

In order to meet the demand of high-speed or real-time analysis for digital interferograms, an advanced hardware accelerated method based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed by using the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (2D-CWT) technique. In this paper, a 2D-CWT IP core is designed and implemented. It consists of a digital interferograms acquisition module, an interferograms data buffer module, a configuration module, a 2D-CWT operation module, and an output module. When the mother wavelet is selected, e.g., the Morlet wavelet, and the scale factors and rotation angles are setting, the spectrums of fringe patterns are obtained in the 2D-CWT operation module and transferred to the computer through the output module for further processing. Then, the phase distribution of the interferogram is extracted by using the wavelet ridge detection algorithm. Real experiments results show that the 2D-CWT IP core analysis method can reduce the time of phase extraction, and verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.

LSS-RM: Using Multi-Mounted Devices to Construct a Lightweight Site-Survey Radio Map for WiFi Positioning.

A WiFi-received signal strength index (RSSI) fingerprinting-based indoor positioning system (WiFi-RSSI IPS) is widely studied due to advantages of low cost and high accuracy, especially in a complex indoor environment where performance of the ranging method is limited. The key drawback that limits the large-scale deployment of WiFi-RSSI IPS is time-consuming offline site surveys. To solve this problem, we developed a method using multi-mounted devices to construct a lightweight site-survey radio map (LSS-RM) for WiFi positioning. A smartphone was mounted on the foot (Phone-F) and another on the waist (Phone-W) to scan WiFi-RSSI and simultaneously sample microelectromechanical system inertial measurement-unit (MEMS-IMU) readings, including triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer measurements. The offline site-survey phase in LSS-RM is a client–server model of a data collection and preprocessing process, and a post calibration process. Reference-point (RP) coordinates were estimated using the pedestrian dead-reckoning algorithm. The heading was calculated with a corner detected by Phone-W and the preassigned site-survey trajectory. Step number and stride length were estimated using Phone-F based on the stance-phase detection algorithm. Finally, the WiFi-RSSI radio map was constructed with the RP coordinates and timestamps of each stance phase. Experimental results show that our LSS-RM method can reduce the time consumption of constructing a WiFi-RSSI radio map from 54 min to 7.6 min compared with the manual site-survey method. The average positioning error was below 2.5 m with three rounds along the preassigned site-survey trajectory. LSS-RM aims to reduce offline site-survey time consumption, which would cut down on manpower. It can be used in the large-scale implementation of WiFi-RSSI IPS, such as shopping malls, hospitals, and parking lots.

Experiences with the implementation of Individual Placement and Support for people with severe mental illness: a qualitative study among stakeholders

BackgroundIndividual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based approach to help people with severe mental illness achieve competitive employment. This article provides insight into an organizational and a financial implementation strategy for IPS in the Netherlands by exploring the perceived facilitators and barriers among participating stakeholders. The goal of this multifaceted strategy was to improve IPS implementation by improving the collaboration between all organizations involved, and realising secured IPS funding with a ‘pay for performance’ element.MethodsA qualitative, explorative study among practitioners (n = 8) and decision makers (n = 7) in mental health care and vocational rehabilitation was performed using semi-structured interviews to collect rich information about the possible facilitators and barriers with regard to the organizational and financial implementation strategy for IPS.ResultsImportant perceived facilitators were the key principles of the IPS model, regular meetings of stakeholders in mental health care and vocational rehabilitation, stakeholders’ experienced ownership of IPS and collaboration, the mandate and influence of the decision makers involved and secured IPS funding. Important perceived barriers included the experienced rigidity of the IPS model fidelity scale and lack of independent fidelity reviewers, the temporary and fragmented character of the secured funding, lack of communication between decision makers and practitioners and negative attitudes and beliefs among mental health clinicians. Changes in legislation were experienced as a facilitator as well as a barrier.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the collaboration and IPS funding were experienced as improved by applying an organizational and a financial implementation strategy. However, considerable effort is still necessary to overcome the remaining barriers identified and to make the implementation of IPS a success in practice.

COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZED (TAI) BASED ON ABILITY TO BEGINNING OF STUDENTS IN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE LEARNING IN CLASS VII SEKAMPUNG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL , LAMPUNG

Purpose of this study was to test a model of cooperative team assisted individualizd (TAI) in terms of the initial capabilities junior high school students. The subjects were students of class VII SMP Negeri Sekampung Lampung Province. This study is a quasi-experimental study(quasi-experimental)design Non-Equivalent Control GroupDesign.Learning achievement assessment instruments using essay test. The result of such assessment data is analyzed usingt-test with SPSS16.0 for Windows.The results showed no significant difference model of cooperative team assisted individualizd (TAI) and conventional models in terms of the ability of junior high school students beginning in the implementation of learning strategies IPS. Based on the difference between pretest and post-test showed that the average value gainscore experimental class (45.63) was higher than in the control group (30.02). The results of analysis of test data using independent sample t test showed that the model of cooperative team assisted individualizd (TAI) obtainedvalue probability(p-level) of less than 0.05 is the sig 0.00.
 Keywords: TAI models, Capability Earlier, Student achievement

Smart Grid Applications for a Practical Implementation of IP over Narrowband Power Line Communications

Currently, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems have equipped the low voltage section with a communication system that is being used mainly for metering purposes, but it can be further employed for additional applications related to the Smart Grid (SG) concept. This paper explores the potential applications beyond metering of the available channel in a Power Line Communication-based AMI system. To that end, IP has been implemented over Narrow Band-Power Line Communication (NB-PLC) in a real microgrid, which includes an AMI system. A thorough review of potential applications for the SG that might be implemented for this representative case is included in order to provide a realistic analysis of the potentiality of NB-PLC beyond smart metering. The results demonstrate that existing AMI systems based on NB-PLC have the capacity to implement additional applications such as remote commands or status signals, which entails an added value for deployed AMI systems.

Performance evaluation and implementation of IP and robust header compression schemes for TCP and UDP traffic in static and dynamic wireless contexts

Modern cellular networks utilising the long?term evolution (LTE) set of standards face an ever?increasing demand for mobile data from connected devices. Header compression is commonly employed to minimise the overhead for IP?based cellular network traffic. In this paper, we evaluate the three header compression implementations used by these networks with respect to their potential throughput increase and complexity for different mobile service scenarios over wireless IP networks. Specifically, we consider header compression as defined by (i) IP Header Compression (RFC 2507), (ii) Robust Header Compression version 1 (RFC 3095), and (iii) the recently updated Robust Header Compression version 2 (RFC 5225) with TCP/IP profile (RFC 6846). The contribution of this article is the performance evaluation of IP Header Compression (IPHC) for UDP and TCP, as well as its evaluation in contrast to the Robust Header Compression (RoHC) methods in a comparative overview for real?world mobile scenarios. Our results show that all implementations have great potential for saving bandwidth in IP?based wireless networks, even under varying channel conditions. While both RoHC versions generally provide more reliable results than IPHC, we find that on a unidirectional channel IPHC could perform better. However, if a TCP connection is prone to packet reordering (e.g., by retransmissions), IPHC?s performance drops drastically, while RoHC?s does not exhibit any significant performance reduction.

Coverage Driven Vip for Avalon Memory Mapped Interface Using UVM

Objectives: Implementation of Verification IP with randomized stimulus and coverage for Avalon Memory Mapped interface using Universal Verification Methodology (UVM). Methods/Statistical Analysis: The VIP is implemented using UVM. The unique feature of UVM is its reusability. All the UVM components are implemented to create the VIP for AValon Memory Mapped (AVMM) interface. The environment uses random stimuli to create different scenarios and improves coverage during regression. The coverage collection measures how much verification goal is achieved. Findings: The VIP created is unique and novel as it is flexible and scalable and allows user to modify according to the need. The factory pattern and phased test flow makes it versatile and reusable to plug and play in any SOC. The cover groups and coverage bins gives the report on what features has been covered and what needs to be exercised. The functional coverage achieved with implemented VIP is 91.6% Application/Improvements: AVMM interface is used to provide communicate between various components. The AVMM VIP can be used for verification in any SOC that uses AVMM interface. The random environment can be constrained to fill the coverage holes.

PENERAPAN STRATEGI CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL)UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VSD NEGERI 010 SILIKUAN HULU KECAMATAN UKUI

The background of this study is the low learning outcomes IPS. It is characterized by the acquisition of the average value of social studies students at 59.10 with the percentage of students learning completeness amounted to 50.00% from 20 students. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) which aims to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of strategies IPS Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). This study was conducted in 010 primary schools Silikuan Ukui Hulu subdistrict, with research subjects fifth grade students with a number of 20 students. This study was conducted by two cycles. The data used in this study are the activities of teachers, student activities, and learning outcomes are collected using the observation technique teacher and student activities and written tests, while the analytical techniques used in this research is descriptive analysis. The study states that the acquisition of the activities of teachers and students and learning outcomes in each cycle has increased. This is supported by: (1) the percentage of activity the teachers in the first cycle of the first meeting by 45%, in the first cycle of meetings II percentage teacher activity by 52%, the percentage of teacher activity in the second cycle of the first meeting by 65%, the percentage of teacher activity in the second cycle meeting II by 75%; (2) the percentage of student activity in the first cycle of the first meeting by 49%, in the first cycle of meetings II percentage of student activity by 60%, the percentage of the activity of students in the second cycle the first meeting by 63%, the percentage of student activity on the second cycle of meeting II by 79% ; (3) learning outcomes in basic score of 59,10.Dan which reached KKM 65 only 10 students or (50%). The first cycle of the average value obtained by the students reached 63.6. Students who achieve KKM there are 13 students or 65 (65%). Cycle II average value obtained students achieve value above 67 means the KKM. Students who reached the last 16 students or (80%).

中国创新驱动发展战略中知识产权运用面临的主要问题及建议

中国创新驱动发展战略中知识产权运用面临的主要问题及建议