Blockchain Implementation Research Articles

The ISM Method to Analyze the Relationship between Blockchain Adoption Criteria in University: An Indonesian Case

Referring to the widespread problem of diploma forgery in Indonesian educational institutions as the impetus for UNTIRTA’s latest vision as an “Integrated, Smart, and Green University,” UNTIRTA intends to use blockchain technology to prevent diploma forgery and overcome issues related to existing platforms at UNTIRTA, such as frequent connection interruptions when accessed by a large number of users simultaneously. Before using blockchain technology, UNTIRTA must evaluate several readiness issues. This study presented the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) method to assess the primary preparedness elements for adopting blockchain technology in universities and sought to provide pertinent strategy ideas for UNTIRTA’s blockchain technology application. The results reveal sixteen major parameters that influence the adoption readiness of blockchain technology at UNTIRTA. The primary variables impacting the adoption and deployment of blockchain technology at UNTIRTA are management and employee support and a grasp of the technology. To realize UNTIRTA’s mission as an “Integrated, Smart, and Green University”, the proposed method entails determining an initial agreement in which all stakeholders have a shared understanding and commitment to Blockchain technology implementation at UNTIRTA. The objective of the tactical proposal is to establish each unit’s mission in the blockchain implementation program. The objective of the technical proposal is to construct a planning document that will serve as a coordination tool between the chairman and members, as well as all parties interested in the adoption of Blockchain technology at UNTIRTA.

Factors influencing Cryptocurrencies investment intention: A study on the customer perception in Sultanate of Oman

E-governance which is a recent technology plays in a significant role around the world which includes blockchain approach. The topic of cryptocurrency is discussed by numerous research scholars and analysed accordingly to identify the profitable cryptos as it comprises of lots of risk factors. Implementation of block chain in a country governs rules and administration in bureaucratic country. This study would help to understand e-governance and related literature to explore the probable value, risks components and its own restrictions in Sultanate of Oman. Early years in the country regarding the blockchain technology bear cost elements, accuracy matters and reliability aspects, transparent issues and accountable services. Centralization of delegated authority is obligatory to set new guidelines in the Sultanate to resolve the issues relating to block chain methodologies using manpower who are dynamic to frame tax laws. The objective of this article is to understand the concept of cryptocurrency around the world in general and in particular in Sultanate of Oman. The study also would analyze the regulation of cryptocurrencies in Oman and also to comprehend the perception of the general public and investors around the Muscat City. Cryptocurrencies have not been explored much in gulf region and this study would also help us to discover more of cryptocurrencies through a questionnaire which has been collected from investors and general public. The findings of the study have been interpreted with the help latest research statistics.

The key challenges of blockchain implementation in maritime sector: summary from literature and previous research findings

The concept of transforming maritime industry into a digital platform with real-time communication has rapidly emerged within industry discussions. A big part of the topic was tied around blockchain technology that due to its decentralization feature can simplify the complexity of the supply chain network and interconnect its actors. Nevertheless, only a few studies have investigated the feasibility in detail, yet not covered limitations other than those generally discussed. The purpose of the study is to identify and summarize the challenges of blockchain implementation in the maritime industry and within maritime ports. Based on the literature and previous research findings, 18 challenges to the blockchain implementation were identified and categorized into four dimensions: human factor, operational, organizational, and technological. The findings show that different priorities among ports, low level of digitalization, scalability of blockchain systems, and unwillingness to change business routine are important challenges.

Blockchain implementation in smart cities: Discussion on performance indicators

Background: Blockchain project implementation in smart cities represents a novel challenge in information technologies. Lack of functional framework and guidelines impact these implementations and add additional uncertainty. Authors in their research on this subject seek to discover a functional framework to improve the implementation process. The research is divided into 3 parts: identification of best application areas, critical success factors, and implementation performance indicators. Purpose: The goal of this paper is to present findings on the performance indicators and offer additional insight into their nature as well as point to lesser-known performance indicators of blockchain projects. Study design/methodology/approach: Authors used the Delphi technique and according to the methodology, a panel of 33 experts was presented with a list of performance indicators and asked to add additional performance indicators as well as to assess their importance. The research foundation was based on the literature review which resulted in 9 performance indicators for the blockchain project implementation in smart cities. Findings/conclusions: The experts proposed 8 additional performance indicators; however, only 1 of them had required consensus to be accepted by the panel. This paper will disclose both groups of performance indicators and preserve them for further scientific discussion since the performance indicators that were proposed by the individual experts but did not reach panel consensus will not be contained in the further research results. After all rounds of the Delphi method were finished the experts concluded the list of the 5 most important performance indicators for the implementation of blockchain projects in the smart city. Limitations/future research: Due to limited resources and lack of experts, the size of the panel is limited to only 33 experts. In addition, smart cities are usually managed by the public sector, so access to all data is limited. The findings presented in the paper can be further used to improve the efficiency of blockchain projects.

Enhancing security and ensuring secure performance: A performance evaluation of consensus algorithms in a distributed healthcare blockchain system

Blockchain is an emerging technology in today’s real-time applications and database transaction systems—the primary motto is to determine transactional clarity to end-user without any fluctuation. According to the basic block policy, it is immutable or does not allow updating the existing transaction, which automatically maintains the security and transaction clarity. This paper proposes a system performance evaluation of various consensus algorithms in a distributed environment with a peer-to-peer network. The four different consensus algorithms have been evaluated in four peer nodes. Healthcare application has been successfully tested with the entire system. The first blockchain implementation has done in a Java environment with the custom hash generation, mining strategy, and smart contract for each level. Each algorithm provides different time complexity accordingly. The system evaluates the performance of four consensus algorithms sequentially and demonstrates the effectiveness and utilization of each algorithm according to the requirements.

Conceptual Framework for Blockchain Business Success Factors with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Model

Blockchain technology is gaining popularity globally, and adoption is on the rise in Malaysia. The success of blockchain business in Malaysia depends on many key factors. By identifying the most influential factors, businesses can make informed strategic decisions that improve their chances of success in the market. Policymakers can also benefit from this research as it can guide them in creating an enabling environment for the growth and advancement of the blockchain industry in Malaysia. As a result, critical success factors are needed to be determined in order to accelerate the implementation of blockchain in organizations. Thus, a conceptual framework to identify the business success factors by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process model is proposed in this study. This research study is significant as the business success factors can be determined by the conceptual framework based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process model. The identification of business success factors for implementing blockchain is very crucial as it can guide policymakers and practitioners in comprehending the significance and importance of business success factors. Hence, viable strategies can be developed to make blockchain technology adoption in various sectors becomes successful.

Перспективи впровадження блокчейн-технології в транспортну логістику та управління ланцюгами поставок

The article, based on the account of features, advantages, varieties of blockchain, highlights its weaknesses and strengths in terms of implementation in transport logistics and supply chain management. The study of the external environment of the introduction of blockchain in the logistics industry has revealed the opportunities and threats that accompany this process in the modern economy of countries and may arise in the future. Based on structuring the research results on the strengths and weaknesses of blockchain technology, opportunities and threats of its implementation in the logistics industry, a SWOT analysis of this technology was carried out in terms of its use in transport logistics and supply chain management. As strategies that allow taking advantage of blockchain and taking into account the possibilities of the external environment, the development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) using blockchain together with its use in rail, sea and air international cargo transportation has been determined. Nine main strategies for the use of blockchain were allocated, which determine long-term benchmarks of activity at different institutional levels of the economy: micro, meso and macro levels. The proposed strategies are relevant in the context of using blockchain in the areas of urban and humanitarian logistics; logistics of meta- and meso-logistic systems of supply chains formed in the process of international trade; logistics of macro-logistic systems of countries and sectors of their economies; information logistics; financial and smart logistics and related to sectors of economies B2B, B2C, C2C, G2B, G2C, B2G. An integrated approach to the implementation of blockchain in the transport industry and supply chain management based on certain strategic benchmarks will allow the most measured implementation of the basic principles of the logistics management concept, such as transparency, efficiency, reduction of overall costs, confidentiality, trust, authentication, cooperation, integration, and optimization.

A new Instrument for Production Control: The Smart Order Concept

Production control is an essential component of a production system used to monitor and manage production orders. Centrally controlled production systems rely on basic data management, such as storing the bill of materials and required work schedules. Components of customer orders are added to generate the corresponding production orders. However, this type of production control can pose serious problems in case of unforeseen events such as machine failure or changing customer requirements during production. In such scenarios, costly and time-consuming re-scheduling becomes necessary, which endangers the company's competitive position and leads to data retention issues. This paper introduces a new method of production control based on the concept of smart orders. Smart orders use smart contracts for autonomous routing based on programmed information in the source code, enabling self-control through the production system. Smart contracts are transaction programs that work with ‘if-then logic”, allowing for partially flexible process schedules and reducing the need for human intervention. The smart order uses the functionalities of blockchain technology, such as security, transparency, and immutability, to ensure the integrity of production data. The paper concludes by presenting the expected value propositions of smart order-based production control on the production system. Depending on the production control system used, companies can integrate the results presented in this paper into their own blockchain implementation strategy.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЦЕПЯМИ ПОСТАВОК И БЛОКЧЕЙН-ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

This scientific article explores the application of blockchain technology in the context of supply chain management. Supply chains are an integral part of modern business, but often face issues such as inadequate transparency, low efficiency, and vulnerability to fraud. The article discusses the fundamental principles of blockchain technology and its benefits, including enhanced transparency, security, efficiency, and quality control. Furthermore, specific practical examples of blockchain implementation in supply chain management are presented, such as product origin tracking, inventory management, and supply chain resilience.

Comprehensive risk assessment and analysis of blockchain technology implementation using fuzzy cognitive mapping

Identifying and assessing potential risks of implementing new technologies is critical for organizations to respond to them efficiently during the technology life cycle. Blockchain has been introduced as one of the emerging and disruptive technology in the field of information technology in recent years, which system developers have noted. In this study, a comprehensive set of risks have been identified and categorized based on the literature findings to identify the risks of blockchain implementation. Critical risks are defined by performing a two-stage fuzzy Delphi method based on the experts' opinions. Then, possible causal relationships between considered risks are identified and analyzed using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method. Finally, the most important risks are ranked based on the degree of prominence and the relationships between them. Industry enterprise resource planning system based on blockchain technology has been studied as a case study. The obtained results indicate that the technology's immaturity has the most impact, the high investment cost is the most impressive risk, and privacy has a critical role in risks relationships. In addition, the high investment cost has the highest priority among other risks and the privacy and issues with contract law are ranked second and third, respectively.

Investigating Blockchain Implementation in Egyptian Banking Industry

Investigating Blockchain Implementation in Egyptian Banking Industry

Cases of application of blockchain on the supply chain: a literature review

Blockchain emerged as a leading technology layer for financial applications. Nevertheless, in the past years, the attention of researchers and practitioners moved to the application of the blockchain technologies in other domains. Supply chain is the topic playing more attention to the blockchain. In line with this consideration, this paper focuses on case studies of blockchain implementation targeting the supply chain context. Through a systematic literature review, we derived a list of 107 papers retrieved from the Scopus database and published in the main academic reference journals. Using these studies, this paper tracks and analyses the evolution of the research field based on publication year and journals, most prominent countries and authors and keywords’ analysis. The results provide a clear picture of the existing literature to identify the research gap of the current scientific research and to propose a future research agenda.

Recent trends in transparency in the apparel supply chain and the demand for blockchain implementation; a review of literature

The textile and apparel industry has emerged as one of the rapidly expanding global markets, exerting a significant economic influence worldwide. It plays a vital role in producing essential goods for people across the globe, ranging from fiber production to the manufacturing of clothing. Despite experiencing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which led to a decline in apparel industry sales, there is an anticipation of a resurgence in global demand for clothing. The global apparel market is projected to generate approximately 1.5 trillion U.S. dollars in revenue in 2021, with an expected increase to around 2 trillion dollars by the year 2026 [1].

Blockchain for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Network Slicing: A Review

Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) and network slicing are some of the principal concepts to realize the emerging applications in Beyond 5th Generation (B5G) and 6th Generation (6G) networks. The frequency spectrum remains scarce and underutilized, while the performance requirements in terms of data throughput and latency of the network tenants have diversified. DSA allows for the efficient utilization of spectrum resources, while network slicing aims to serve network users with highly distinctive service needs. Lack of incentivization, sharing of spectrum resources among multiple operators, and lack of trust between operators are some of the challenges faced by centralized DSA approaches. Similarly, secure network slice orchestration, slice-isolation, secure access to network resources, privacy of user sensitive data, assuring the provision of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), are some of the challenges in existing network slicing techniques. Blockchain due to its innate capabilities can be a promising technology to solve the key issues pertaining to current DSA and network slicing approaches. Blockchain through smart contracts, provides traceability of network resources, auditability and accountability of network operators and service providers. Smart contracts facilitate the automation of resource sharing and network slice orchestration, while ensuring that SLAs are met, and network operators are compensated. This paper first provides a comprehensive overview of the DSA concept, the existing DSA techniques, and the challenges posed by these techniques. This is followed by a detailed description of network slicing, its key elements and architecture, various network slicing parameters, existing network slicing techniques and their challenges. Then an in- depth review on blockchain, its working principle, factors that affect blockchain implementation, and a comparison of various open-source blockchain platforms that support smart contracts is presented. This discussion is summarized by presenting the state-of-the-art in the blockchain-enabled DSA and network slicing, challenges and trade-offs of these techniques, and the gaps and future directions in this research area. Finally, we conclude by providing some future research directions.

SChain: An Efficient and Secure Solution for Improving Blockchain Storage

Emerging blockchain technology has become the cornerstone of many applications providing trusted data services. However, existing blockchain platforms cannot meet the growing demand for big data storage. Blockchain should duplicate both transactions and other user-defined data across nodes for integrity assurance. The rapid expansion of data on blockchain (on-chain data) increases the difficulty of deploying a full node, resulting in decreasing the degree of decentralization and adding the risk of broken data. To tackle these problems, we propose sChain, a novel framework for improving blockchain storage capacity, which does not revise blockchain implementation and can be applied to almost all the existing blockchain platforms. sChain outsources the user data to storage devices that are structurally external to the blockchain network. In theory, a user can outsource unlimited data to sChain. However, those off-chain data may suffer from corruption. To verify the data integrity, we propose a new provable data possession (PDP) scheme, which does not need a centralized entity to maintain any secret keys and therefore eliminates a single point of failure. What is more, we also design a prototype to accelerate the proposed PDP scheme through Intel SGX technology and parallel processing. Security analysis and evaluation results show that sChain can protect data security and effectively improve the blockchain storage capacity, respectively.

Implementation of Blockchain with Machine Learning Intrusion Detection System for Defending IoT Botnet and Cloud Networks

Implementation of Blockchain with Machine Learning Intrusion Detection System for Defending IoT Botnet and Cloud Networks

Triple Entry Bookkeeping di Era Teknologi Blockchain: Suatu Kajian Literatur

The financial industry in the era of technological development began to be supported by Blockchain technology. Blockchain is a new idea in the financial industry as a solution to solve the problem of digital money (cryptocurrency). Transactions recorded in the blockchain will be permanently stored so that they cannot be manipulated and provide a higher level of security. Blockchain technology supports the development of triple entry bookkeeping which is a configuration of the development of the double entry bookkeeping system. This research uses qualitative proximity to the library research method. The data collected comes from indexed journals on Google Scholar, Science and Technology (Sinta), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), books and other literature which will then be analyzed and set forth in the form of written words.The results of this study show that Triple Entry Bookkeeping in the Blockchain era has many advantages as a form of development of Double Entry Bookkeeping, namely providing information about budgets, automatic transaction validation, automatic public ledger, increasing openness & trust, and solving fraud. In Indonesia itself, blockchain implementation in the field of accounting has been widely carried out, such as on the Online Pajak platform, Bank BCA, PT Pos Indonesia, and other commercial companies listed on the Indonesian Blockchain Association (ABI). The implementation of the triple entry bookkeeping system is still not ready to be implemented by medium-sized entities and MSMEs due to the high costs required, the lack of understanding of professional accountants regarding technology and entities that feel they still do not need a triple entry bookkeeping system. Therefore, support from all parties is needed so that this research can develop and not only become a concept but can be implemented in the financial industry.

Towards Energy Transition: Use of Blockchain in Renewable Certificates to Support Sustainability Commitments

Corporations increasingly consider sustainability as an important goal and set net zero carbon emissions targets, consequently looking towards their electricity procurement to achieve them. Guarantees of Origin (GOs) are widely used as insurances for the renewability of electricity supplies and proofs of compliance to renewable standards; however, they suffer from structural problems. Their transactional history cannot distinguish between those traded among market actors and the ones that come directly from power plants, giving rise to transparency issues. Certificate trading dissuades producers from investing in an increase in renewable capacity resulting in lack of additionality while complex frameworks and administrative structures emerge to keep track of the vast network of GOs. These issues can be resolved through the introduction of blockchain networks which can provide transparency and help incentivise renewable investment while increasing automation and process simplification. This review explores the benefits and challenges of blockchain implementation for GOs and proposes a rethinking of how this scheme may fulfil the future needs of the energy sector.

Saving Product Using Blockchain for E-BMT Platform

Baitul Maal Wa At Tamwil (BMT) is a sharia financial institution that provides savings and loan services in accordance with the social, cultural, and economic needs of rural communities, especially in agricultural and plantation communities. The current data management is still using manual recording and a centralized server which can cause fraudulent financial reports and creates a lack of credibility between BMT and its customers. The research method is to decentralize the application data system by using blockchain technology, then replacing the conventional database to blockchain system. The simulation shows that the e-BMT application are connected to blockchain network as intended, users can use metamask to interact with the Ethereum network, the blockchain implementation on e-BMT application has run according to expectations with a 100% success rate with the average transfer time on two devices of 9.47 seconds and 12.13 seconds. While the results of data entry time on two devices obtained an average of 9.96 seconds and 37.09 seconds. While the blockchain implementation on e-BMT could provide access to every user so that each entity could confirm the validity of the transactions, the size of the transactions, and other data recorded on the blockchain without having to develop an integrated database system. The research contributes in two aspects, first, we develop the distributed blockchain system using public Ethereum blockchain network integrated with with popular e-wallet such as metamask, provides easy access for both customers and BMT parties who are connected to the network so that the recorded data can be accessed by anyone, and second, the application of blockchain technology to BMT is capable to interact with users as it is built on a website platform with RESTful API.

Enabling Value Co-Creation in Healthcare through Blockchain Technology.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to manage complex relations within the healthcare ecosystem. The role of new technologies in achieving this goal is a topic of current interest. Among them, blockchain technology is experiencing widespread application in the healthcare context. The present work investigates how this technology fosters value co-creation paths in the new digital healthcare ecosystems. To this end, a multiple case study has been conducted examining the development and application of blockchain by 32 healthcare tech companies. The results show blockchain technology adoption's current and potential impacts on value co-creation regarding data and resource sharing, patient participation, and collaboration between professionals. Three main areas of activity emerge from the case studies where blockchain implementation brings significant benefits for value co-creation: improving service interaction, impacting actors' engagement, and fostering ecosystem transparency.