Blockchain Implementation Research Articles

Decentralised Application on Charity Using Blockchain

Abstract: The public and private sectors are both in control of a wide range of security-related issues, and Blockchain is a promising technology that is gaining popularity for doing so. Charitable organizations are growing more and more interested in Blockchain technology. Due to the lack of transparency in the transactions involving donations, which hinders donors from understanding whether their contributions are being used properly, people have lost faith in charity. A decentralized Blockchainbased donation tracking system is proposed in the article, which will provide total transparency,accountability, and direct access to the intended receivers. It will be used in Ethereum Blockchain implementation.

Exploring a new business model for lending processes in the banking sector using Blockchain technology: An Italian case study

Blockchain is a decentralized information technology (IT) architecture that has garnered significant attention across various sectors of the global economy. In the banking sector, blockchain was initially used for cryptocurrency trading and later expanded to encompass smart contracts, peer-to-peer transactions, and other banking services. In recent years, blockchain technology (BT) has been applied to streamline less standardized credit processes and to successfully support mortgage credit through decentralized recording on ledgers. Employing a qualitative research approach, this paper proposes a novel business model for small banks that utilizes new-generation information technologies to enhance loan profitability. While previous research has linked BT to lending processes, this study is the first to propose a BT application for reshaping traditional banking practices, especially for commercial banks. The research findings demonstrate that blockchain implementation offers advantages in containing information asymmetries, managing credit rationing, and driving business innovation.

A Blockchain-based approach for Drug Traceability in Healthcare Supply Chain

Abstract: The blockchain typically described as a decentralized system in which transactional or ancient statistics are recorded, stored, and maintained throughout a peer-to-peer community of personal computers referred to as nodes. Counterfeit drugs are one consequence of such limitations within existing supply chains, which not only has serious adverse impact on human health but also causes severe economic loss to the healthcare industry. Blockchain technology has gained tremendous attention, with an escalating hobby in a plethora of several applications like safe and relaxed healthcare records management. Similarly, blockchain is reforming the traditional healthcare practices to an extra reliable means, in phrases of powerful prognosis and treatment through safe and cosy facts sharing using SHA Hash Generation Algorithm. Within the future, blockchain will be an era that can probably assist in personalized, authentic, and at ease healthcare by means of merging the entire actual-time scientific information of a patient’s fitness and offering it in an up to date cosy healthcare setup. In this paper, we evaluation each the present and modern day trends inside the subject of healthcare with the aid of imposing blockchain as a model. We also talk the packages of blockchain, at the side of the demanding situations confronted and destiny views. The proposed system executed blockchain implementation in distributed computing surroundings and it gives the automated restoration of invalid chain by using Consensus and Mining Algorithm. In this system, we present a Custom blockchain-based approach leveraging smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage for efficient product traceability in the healthcare supply chain. The smart contract guarantees data provenance, eliminates the need for intermediaries and provides a secure, immutable history of transactions to all stakeholders. We present the system architecture and detailed algorithms that govern the working principles of our proposed solution. We perform testing and validation, and present cost and security analysis of the system to evaluate its effectiveness to enhance traceability within pharmaceutical supply chains.

New approach to improve power consumption associated with blockchain in WSNs.

Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used for collecting, communicating, and sharing information in various applications. Due to its limited resources in terms of computation, power, battery lifetime, and memory storage for sensor nodes, it is difficult to add confidentiality and integrity security features. It is worth noting that blockchain (BC) technology is one of the most promising technologies, because it provides security, avoids centralization, and a trusted third party. However, to apply BCs in WSNs is not an easy task because BC is typically resource-hungry for energy, computation, and memory. In this paper, the additional complication of adding BC in WSNs is compensated by an energy minimization strategy, which basically depends on minimizing the processing load of generating the blockchain hash value, and encrypting and compressing the data that travel from the cluster-heads to the base station to reduce the overall traffic, leading to reduced energy per node. A specific (dedicated) circuit is designed to implement the compression technique, generate the blockchain hash values and data encryption. The compression algorithm is based on chaotic theory. A comparison of the power consumed by a WSN using a blockchain implementation with and without the dedicated circuit, illustrates that the hardware design contributes considerably to reduce the consumption of power. When simulating both approaches, the energy consumed when replacing functions by hardware decreases up to 63%.

Blockchain Implementation for Educational System

Blockchain Implementation for Educational System

Robust framework to prioritize blockchain-based supply chain challenges: the fuzzy best-worst approach for multiple criteria decision-making

PurposeThis study aims to identify and prioritize the challenges to adopting blockchain in supply chain management and to make its taxonomic model. Moreover, validate whether these challenging factors exist in the real world and, if they exist, then in what percentage.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted the fuzzy best-worst method (F-BWM), which integrates fuzzy set theory with the best-worst method to identify and prioritize the prominent challenges of the blockchain-based supply chain by developing a weighted multi-criteria model.FindingsA total of 20 challenges (CH's) were identified. Lack of storage capacity/scalability and lack of data privacy challenges were found as key challenges. The findings of this study will provide a robust framework of the challenges that will assist academic researchers and industry practitioners in considering the most significant category concerning their working area.Practical implicationsBlockchain provides the best solution for tracing and tracking where RFID has not succeeded. It can improve quality management in a supply chain network by improving standards and speeding up operations. For inventory management, blockchain provides transparency of documentation for both parties within no time.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous research has adopted the fuzzy best-worst method to prioritize the identified challenges of blockchain implementation in the supply chain. Moreover, no study provides a taxonomic model for the challenges of implementing a blockchain-based supply chain.

Use of blockchain in the agri-food value chain: State of the art in Spain and some lessons from the perspective of public support.

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union, in effect since January 2023, seeks to differentiate products on quality, provide greater transparency on food origin, and on the transactions and the actors involved in the supply chain. At the same time, in Spain, the adoption of new technologies for the digitization of the agri-food sector has been proposed as a solution to address structural issues such as lack of competitiveness and innovation. In fact, systems using blockchain-related technologies for food control and traceability have seen great progress in recent years and, currently, the use of blockchain in supply chain management is almost doubling year on year. In this context, this paper investigates the level of development of blockchain technology in the agri-food sector in Spain and its applications for certifying food production conditions within the supply chain, and how it is supported by public policies. It identifies several challenges that need to be addressed for a widespread adoption could take place, such as data recorded on the blockchain, lack of standards, limited scope of projects, and integration of data capture automatically or with other technologies like RFID and AI. The document proposes to reorient public development policies to address these challenges, such as reusing data from, already in place, European data collections for production control and food traceability, educating users and stakeholders about the use of blockchain technology, and fostering legal and technical provisions which ensure system transparency to facilitate a successful implementation of blockchain.

Utilizing Fuzzy AHP in the Evaluation of Barriers to Blockchain Implementation in Reverse Logistics

Digital technologies like blockchain, the Internet of Things, and smart warehouses have been developed due to the fourth industrial revolution, or “Industry 4.0.” Any business’ supply chain includes several stakeholders, including manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, and final consumers. The demand for firms to utilize these technologies to gain competitive advantages has intensified in the modern world due to rising worldwide rivalry. Additionally, the adoption of blockchain technology, in particular, can have a huge impact on a company’s reverse logistics, accelerating processes by decentralizing, tracking, and overseeing the delivery of items to final consumers. The goal of this study is to pinpoint those significant obstacles because several must be overcome for blockchain technology to be successfully implemented in reverse logistics. This study identified 16 impediments to the adoption of blockchain technology after a thorough analysis of the literature and expert opinion. The fuzzy AHP approach was used in this study to rank those barriers as this approach helps to address the complexity and uncertainty associated with decision-making in supply chain management and provides a more robust and reliable ranking of the barriers to blockchain adoption. A case study of Pakistan’s e-commerce industry was carried out. The results show that the high installation cost, stakeholders’ resistance to the blockchain, and the lack of top-management support are the critical success factors in blockchain adoption. From an industrial perspective, the study highlights the need for businesses to carefully evaluate the potential benefits and costs of adopting blockchain technology. It also underscores the importance of addressing the barriers to adoption to ensure successful implementation. By doing so, businesses can enhance their supply chain management and improve their overall competitiveness.

Exploring knowledge management enablers for blockchain-enabled food supply chain implementations

PurposeWith the advent of new technologies, the integration of blockchain-enabled food supply chain (FSC) implementations is on the rise. Considering the multilateral, comprehensive and complex nature of the whole blockchain-enabled FSC implementation process, understanding knowledge management (KM) practices will add value. Prior literature shows that only a few studies have focused on this topic. As such, this study aims to identify and establish key KM enablers for blockchain-enabled FSC implementations.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a qualitative research approach. By conducting 22 in-depth interviews with experienced blockchain implementation experts in FSC contexts, this study provides interesting insights for academics and practitioners.FindingsThe results of the analysis highlighted eight critical KM enablers that directly influence blockchain-enabled FSC implementations. They include external enablers (i.e. regulation and market competition) as well as internal enablers (i.e. people – organizational learning, strategy and leadership, culture, information technology, organizational infrastructure, processes and activities).Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies that identify KM enablers for blockchain-enabled FSC implementations. Considering the novelty of decentralized blockchain implementations in FSC and its importance in transforming silo-based knowledge exchange to a decentralized operational structure, this study attempts to identify factors that increase the efficiency of blockchain implementations in FSC contexts.

A global blockchain-based agro-food value chain to facilitate trade and sustainable blocks of healthy lives and food for all

This article presents a holistic and integrated framework for blockchain deployment in global Agro-food ‘supply’ chains and how to transition them to accountable and sustainable global ‘value’ chains. Though many a scholarly contributions have assessed blockchain implementation at various levels in the chain, this research holistically looks at impediments to blockchain implementation at each level in the value chain. The study first establishes interlinkages between the three United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely food for all (SDG 2), health for all (SDG 3), and sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12). It assesses the legal framework (namely trade law) and regulatory requirements therein. It then employs a case-study-based approach to assess blockchain deployment from the lens of operations management. These inter-disciplinary insights offer an enabling framework to successfully implement a vertically-integrated blockchain across the entire global Agro-food value chain. An end-to-end blockchain promises accountability, and thereby, enhanced trust in trade by offering a time-stamped ledger of transactions from the farm to the fork, to the end consumer. This systematic study, and its findings therein, are expected to serve as a ready reference guide to managers and policymakers for a truly integrated farm-to-fork blockchain deployment.

Private Blockchain-Based AI-Envisioned Home Monitoring Framework in IoMT-Enabled COVID-19 Environment

In current situation, Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) becomes a very serious health concern to the human life throughout the world. The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT) allows to deploy several wearable Internet of Things(IoT) enabled smart devices in a patient's body. The deployed smart devices should then securely communicate to nearby mobile devices installed in a smart home, which then securely communicate with the associated Fog server for information processing. The processed information in terms of transactions are formed as blocks and put into a private blockchain consisting of cloud servers. Since the patient's vital signs are very confidential and private, we apply the private blockchain. This article makes utilization of Fog computing and blockchain technology simultaneously to come up with more secure system in an IoMT-enabled COVID-19 situation for patients' home monitoring purpose. We first discuss various phases related to development of a new Fog-based private blockchain-enabled home monitoring framework. Next, we discuss how Artificial Intelligence(AI)-enabled Big data analytics helps in analyzing and tracking the patients' information related to COVID-19 cases. Finally, a blockchain implementation has been performed to exhibit practical demonstration of the proposed blockchain system.

Survey on 3D Visualization of Museum, its Use Cases, Implementation of Blockchain and the Research Ahead

Abstract: We have many state-of-the-art museums around the world to display various forms of physical art. But with the rise of digital art like NFTs, we are still lagging behind in our ways to display them. Displaying them on a website is not enough as they do not guarantee their authenticity and can easily be forged. Digital art needs a digital environment to be displayed without compromising security and reliability and should also provide a world-class environment for its viewers

Proxy smart contracts for zero trust architecture implementation in Decentralised Oracle Networks based applications

Implementation of blockchain is quickly finding popularity in several real-world applications. As a result, in order to execute and process smart contracts, blockchains frequently necessitate integrating them with real-world data from various sources or employing third-party services. Through hybrid smart contracts, Decentralized Oracle Networks (DONs) make it possible for on-chain code to communicate with off-chain infrastructure and services, assisting in the realisation of this vision. Although the blockchain itself is a secure ecosystem, its reliance on external services and real-world data exposes it to security risks. These dangers reveal themselves in improper smart contract execution as a result of malevolent actors manipulating data from outside sources. Therefore, it is necessary to design a Zero Trust Architecture to provide end-to-end security for DON-based applications. The idea of Proxy Smart Contracts (PSC), which offers a one-level indirection to the execution of the actual smart contracts, is introduced in this article. Prior to the actual smart contract execution, the PSC hypothetically runs the smart contract logic and displays the result state to the interested parties for their approval. Thus, inconsistent end states can be identified and the smart contract’s actual execution can be stopped. Solidity is used in the initial implementation to show that the suggested strategy is workable. The current work is significant since it presents a potential remedy to overcome this crucial gap that can limit widespread acceptance of dApps-based use-cases in the real world.

BlockTicket: A framework for electronic tickets based on smart contract.

As the use of digital subscription services like electronic tickets (E-ticketing) has grown in the age of e-commerce, so too have instances of copyright and violation. Because it is dependent on the centralized authority administration of authoritative institutions, the traditional E-ticketing system has a significant cost associated with it. Blockchain, which is a distributed system, has the characteristics of decentralization, anonymity, auditability, security, and persistency. These attributes allow it to address the problems that are currently being experienced by the E-ticketing system. In this study, we present a framework for E-ticketing that makes use of blockchain technology. The blockchain-based electronic ticketing model eliminates the involvement of third parties while also lowering the potential of data leaks and improving users' levels of privacy. This is accomplished by separating the credential information of users from the financial transactions. In the meanwhile, a blockchain implementation of the existing E-ticketing architecture has the potential to improve throughput, reduce the amount of redundant work, and boost the efficiency of consensus. An examination of the experimental data shows that the framework has a number of advantages, some of which are a high throughput, flexible scalability, and efficient ticket holding times.

Exploration of Blockchain Technology in the Education Sector in the Sultanate of Oman

Exploring the new developments and paths in the education system is one of the motives for Oman's 2040 Vision. Blockchain technology restructured businesses and many other sectors. Similarly, the implementation of blockchain technology in the education sector is new but it seems to offer various benefits which are associated with blockchain. This study aims to explore the use of blockchain technology in the education sector of the Sultanate of Oman. The study offers a conceptual model which portrays the five attributes of blockchain technology as the fascination to adopt while the implementation of blockchain in education offers enhanced student performance and record management benefits from the student perspective. The future of the education sector is based on technological developments and advancements such as blockchain technology.

A Review on Challenges and Solutions in the Implementation of Ai, IoT and Blockchain in Construction Industry

The construction industry struggles to increase productivity, time management, working effectiveness, and quality due to a lack of awareness of the use of new technologies that are widely used in other disciplines. This study aims to looks into current research trends, problems and solutions in technology adaptation. A literature review was conducted and results were used to establish a roadmap for enabling Industry 4.0 by implementing AI, IoT, and Blockchain. The significance of technology integration and research by significant pioneers for achieving industries 4.0 and 5.0 were was found, and a conceptual framework was developed, and future research areas were described.

‘Block-Change’: Exploring Change Management Principles to Overcome Challenges in Blockchain Adoption

Blockchain technology has attracted significant interest and investment over the past decade across multiple industries. While the research and development has been robust and there has been no shortage of attempts at implementation, successful implementations at scale have been somewhat limited. Evaluations of this limited success have often focused solely on the technology or isolated economic assessment of the business use cases. Individual users and the networks they create are another critical component of a successful blockchain implementation at scale. Change management is the approach of preparing, supporting, and guiding a group of people towards an organisational or network goal. This paper looks at change management as a critical component of successfully building a network for scaled adoption and implementation of blockchain use across industries. We explore what makes individuals resistant to change, offer solutions from the established fields of change strategy and change management, and consider how these can be applied to increase success in blockchain adoption and implementation. Crucial elements include identifying principal stakeholder groups and users, asking key questions and gathering input and feedback from these stakeholders, incorporating this information into the governance structure and consensus mechanisms of the blockchain use, demonstrating and describing value of use to the stakeholders, and aligning these components for successful adoption. We end with impactful recommendations for developers, business leaders, administrators, subject matter experts, advisors, and end users to consider to better incorporate successful change management principles into their blockchain projects.

Survey on Blockchain Cryptocurrency Wallet

Normal cash has developed and appears numerous downsides such as inaccessibility. It is inclined to burglary and is intensely directed by government offices. Cryptocurrencies have risen as a egotistic money related framework. They depend upon secure disseminated ledger data structure. Mining plays a critical portion in this framework. Basically, our cryptocurrency could be a conveyed database that keeps up tamper-proof information structure pieces containing his bunches of person exchanges. Blockchain innovation can be a widely emerging approach to data innovations. Bitcoin as a cryptocurrency has made several considerations since it was one of its earliest implementations. They discuss the key elements driving the development of sophisticated cryptocurrencies alongside Ethereum, a blockchain implementation with a focus on informed contracts. In its most basic form, our cryptocurrency may be thought of as a distributed database that keeps track of tamper-proof data structure blocks comprising batches of individual transactions.

The appropriation of blockchain implementation in the supply chain of SMES based on fuzzy LMAW

This study investigates the adoption of blockchain technology in small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) supply chains. Blockchain has been deemed a “Game Changer” for its potential benefits but also has several limitations due to its properties and SMEs’ limited resources. Small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) have more problems employing Industry 4.0 Technologies in practice than larger companies. So, the employment of BC in SMEs’ supply chains, as the economy’s backbone, deserves a full investigation which has been addressed in this paper.We use the Technology–Organization–Environment framework to examine both positive and negative factors affecting blockchain adoption in SMEs. A Delphi method was used to refine a list of 42 factors down to the 22 most essential ones. These factors were then prioritized using the Fuzzy Logarithmic Additive Weights Methodology based on expert preferences. The findings indicate that while financial factors play a crucial role in adoption, transparency, and traceability are significant benefits that motivate organizations to adopt blockchain. The organizational dimension also has a substantial impact on decision-making.In this study, we conclude that SMEs must carefully consider their circumstances before adopting blockchain technology, given its infancy state. The barriers to adoption are just as significant as incentives, and SMEs must weigh the financial and organizational factors before making the decision. This study extends the literature by comprehensively looking at all possible factors influencing BC adoption by SMEs. Furthermore, we have highlighted valuable insights for policymakers and SME owners to make the best decision.

Barriers to blockchain technology adoption in supply chains: the case of India

In the era of digitalization, Blockchain is an evolving technology that has the potential to change the shape of numerous industries. Blockchain is considered the transforming technology that has the ability to change the conventional supply chain network by providing additional transparency of transactions in terms of information and physical goods. Additionally, the implementation of blockchain technology in the supply chain is required to accomplish the objectives of industry 4.0. However, there has to date been a scarcity of blockchain implementations due to the numerous barriers associated with it. Therefore, the primary aim of this research is to identify and investigate the major barriers to implementing blockchain technology in supply chains. We identified ten significant barriers to adopting blockchain technology through a literature review and expert opinions. Additionally, the finalized barriers were categorized into an influential and influenced group using the DEMATEL method. The findings of this study show that 'influential group' barriers require more attention from the supply chain partners to mitigate these barriers. The primary influential barriers are 'Lack of information sharing,' 'Trust management issues,' and 'Lack of upgraded technologies’, and these barriers require immediate attention from supply chain stakeholders wishing to use blockchain. These findings contribute to improving managerial decisions and digital strategies regarding blockchain within organisations, and how implementation can effectively be achieved.