Imperative Forms Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF HEALTH LEVEL, SHARIA MAQASHID INDEX AND POTENTIAL FINANCIAL DISTRESS AT BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA FOR THE 2017- 2020 PERIOD

This study aims to comprehensively measure the performance of Bank Muamalat Indonesia as the oldest Islamic bank in Indonesia that has experience in facing the 1998 monetary crisis, which is very interesting as a research object. This research uses a comparative descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The data used is of the time series data type in the form of BMI's financial statements for the 2017-2020 period. The analytical techniques used in this study used several techniques and stages, namely the level of bank health using the RGEC method, the achievement of sharia maqashid using Abu Zahrah's version of the sharia maqashid index, comparison of RGEC and IMS performance using quadrant analysis measurement (QAM) and analysis of potential financial distress using Zmijewski (X-Score). The results show that the use of the RGEC and IMS methods at Bank Muamalat Indonesia can complement the advantages and disadvantages of each performance measuring instrument. Meanwhile, the performance results from the analysis of potential financial distress through the Zmijewski method (X-score) have provided validation and strengthened the performance results of the RGEC and IMS. This study recommends that the management of Bank Muamalat Indonesia increase the amount of financing by prioritizing the principle of prudence, considering that a suitable risk profile and capital performance should be able to overcome earnings performance that is not optimal. In addition, advice to Bank Indonesia to review Bank Indonesia regulatory policy No.13/1/PBI/2011 related to the use of the RGEC method as an assessment of bank health levels wherein the performance assessment policy does not have a specific specialization for performance assessment of Islamic banks.

الموسيقا البديلة األردنية بوصفها ممارسة اجتماعية: دراسة تحليلية لألفعال اللغوية المستخدمة في موسيقا أغاني األردني يزن الصرايرة

Indie music, one type of rock music, started to flourish since the mid-80’s mainly in western countries. Not so many studies have been conducted to linguistically examine the discourse of indie music. In this paper, I am investigating Jordanian indie music from a sociolinguistic perspective shedding light on the speech acts, mainly imperatives, utilized in this genre. The study goes beyond textual analysis to view indie music as a social practice, hence drawing on Fairclough (1989,1992). Lyrical analysis of 7 songs composed by the Jordanian indie musician, Yazan Al-Sarayrah, revealed that the repetitive use of the imperative form in these lyrics goes in line with the broad concept of indie music in which musicians and listeners alike seek to be deemed different. Use of imperatives in the data analyzed is said to carry the function of advising listeners, mostly of young Jordanians, to rebel against traditions and liberate themselves from the prevailing culture. In light of this, Jordanian indie music could be seen as a social practice affected by society.

Analisis Pragmatik Bentuk Tuturan Deklaratif, Interogatif dan Imperatif dalam Surah al-Ahqaf

This study aims to reveal the pragmatic meaning contained in the declarative, interrogative, and imperative forms of speech in surah al-Ahqaf. This research is a kind of descriptive qualitative research with verse analysis technique based on pragmatic review using speech act theory. The results of this study indicate that the form of declarative speech in surah al-Ahqaf has the meaning of command (al-amr), determination (al-itsbat), denial (al-inkar), threats and promises (al-wa'id wa al-wa 'du), strengthening (al-ta'kid), frightening (al-tahdid or al-takhwif or al-tarhib), explaining the function (bayan al-faidah), giving good news (al-tabsyir), advice ( al-hatssu), threats (al-wa'id), reproaches (al-taubikh), warning against mistakes (tanbih ala al-khatha'), hoping for something that is difficult to achieve (al-tamanniy), scaring and threatening ( al-takhwif wa al-tahdid wa al-wa'id), warn and frighten (al-indzar wa al-takhwif), warn (al-tanbih or al-indzar) and encourage and encourage (al-targhib). While the interrogative form of speech means denial (al-inkar) and determination (al-itsbat) and imperative speech form means to weaken (al-ta'jiz), prayer (al-du'a'u), take lessons (al- i'tibar), challenge (al-tahaddu), insults and reproaches (al-ihanah wa al-taubikh) and confirmation (al-tatsbit).

οἶσε (Moer. ο 31)

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the imperative form οἶσε, discussed in the Atticist lexicon Moer. ο 31.

οἶσε (Moer. ο 31)

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the imperative form οἶσε, discussed in the Atticist lexicon Moer. ο 31.

The Stylistic Form and Meaning of Imperative and Prohibition Structures in al-Qira’ah al-Wafiyah Book l Shiyaghu wa Ma‘ani Asalibi al-‘Amr wa al-Nahy fi Kitabi al-Qira’ah al-Wafiyah

Imperative and prohibition structures are the significance knowledge in Arabic learning about the forms and meanings. This study aimed to identify and analyze the stylistic form and meaning of imperative and prohibition structures in al-Qiroah al-Wafiyah Book by rethorical aspects. The qualitative desk research was applied with mainly the descriptive method in processing and presenting various styles of imperative and prohibition within the al-Qiroah al-Wafiyah book as the primary source. Those structures were collected by documentation technique and analyzed by using the content analysis and classifying the styles based on the rethoric analysis including both form and meaning. The result of the analysis showed that the occurrence of 44 styles of both structures, 35 styles of imperative and 9 styles of prohibition in detail. Moreover, the imperative forms consist of imperative verb, imperative noun, imperative infinitive, and imperative present tense. In addition, the prohibition froms encompassed only the present tense with the final “no”. In line to the meaning of the imperative constructions, it pointed several reliances; guidance, permission, honor, consideration, formation, and supplication. The prohibiton pointed the sense of guidance and hatred. By this research, it is possible to differentiate its structure and more realize that each structure has its style and meaning.

“How Not to Get Killed”: Feminist Aftercare in the Dorothy Allison Papers

Born from a deep dive into Dorothy Allison’s published works and personal papers, this article proposes a praxis of perverting the archives to make room for promiscuous readings that emerge from the unpredictable confluence of pleasure and danger in archival research. I argue that perverted readings can serve as an imperative form of aftercare (to borrow from S/M terminology) that opens up multiple pathways for excavating the webs of care that arose during the lesbian/feminist sex wars. Allison and her work with S/M communities convey a sexual politics rooted in reflexivity, critique, and a lesbian feminist framework of collective care for women’s sexual realties. Moreover, I argue that narrating histories of the sex wars through the lenses of care work and erotic labor creates more possibilities for holding together the diverse perspectives that constituted these debates, which tend to be glossed in popular accounts of feminist histories as dichotomous or otherwise at odds with each other.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YAMA IN VASHISHTHA SAMHITA AND PATANJALI YOG SUTRA

The Yamas and their complement represent a series of "right living" or ethical rules within Yoga philosophy. It means "reining in" or "control". These are restraints for proper conduct as given in the Vedas and the Yog Sutras. They are a form of moral imperatives, commandments, rules or goals. The Yamas are the "don't do these" list of self-restraints, typically representing commitments that affect one's relations with others and self. 
 The earliest mention of Yamas is in the Rigveda, and over fifty texts of Hinduism, from its various traditions, discuss Yamas. Patañjali lists five yamas in his Yoga Sūtras of Patanjali. Ten yamas are codified as "the restraints" in numerous Hindu texts, including Yajnavalkya Smriti, the Śāṇḍilya and Vārāha Upanishads, the Vashistha Samhita the Hatha Yoga Pradipika by Svātmārāma, and the Tirumantiram of Tirumular. 
 The Yamas apply broadly and include self-restraints in one's actions, words and thoughts.
 A YAMA is a duty or observance recommended by yogic philosophy and teaching as part of the eight-limbed path of yoga. In Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, he outlines five yamas as his first "limb" of yoga.
 The word, yama, originally meant "bridle" or "rein" and refers to the restraining nature of the yamas. These yamas are practices that are considered to be outer observances. They are a way of applying the behavioural codes of yoga to the way the yogi relates to the world. They are considered to be a valuable and highly relevant guide to help yogis live an ethical life.
 Practicing the yamas is said to give the yogi the opportunity to live in a way that is healthier and more peaceful. They can improve relationships with others, strengthen character and help the yogi progress on his/her spiritual path. It is also believed to reduce or even prevent the accumulation of bad karma, which can be gathered when one lives without awareness or honesty.

A Parallel Corpus Based Contrastive Study on Negation in Korean and Indonesian Languages

The current research aims to uncover the similarities and differences between Korean ‘an (안)’ and ‘-ji anhta (-지 않다)’, and Indonesian ‘tidak’ and ‘belum’, as well as to formulate their characteristics. This research is an applied contrastive study and the data are derived from the Korean-Indonesian parallel corpus made from Korean drama subtitles. Based on the results, the first prominent findings show that ‘an’ and ‘-ji anhta’, and ‘tidak’ and ‘belum’ are equivalent in regards to their usage as negative markers in negative sentences, thus indicating that they correspond to each other. The findings show that among 1,104 data of Korean negative utterances, only 770 data (69.75%) are translated into Indonesian negative utterances, and 334 data (30.25%) are translated into affirmative utterances by applying alternative translation strategies. The second prominent findings reveal that they are non-equivalent due to the shifts that happen, thus showing that they do not correspond to each other. There are three types of shifts causing the non-equivalence, namely (1) shift from negative verbal into negative nominal forms (32 data, 0.90%), (2) shift from negative declarative into negative imperative forms (36 data, 3.26%), and (3) shift from negative into affirmative forms (334 data, 30.25%). In general, the shifts occur in the subtitle translation because Korean and Indonesian languages belong to different categories in terms of language family and have different ways to express negative meanings.

Main Factors Conditioning the Absence of the Final ր and the Origin of the Final ի of the Imperative Singular in Armenian Dialects

The 2 sg. Imperative, which was formed in several ways in Old Armenian, has displayed a general tendency toward uniformity in the course of the further development of the Armenian language. In this respect, the strong analogical interaction between the imperative forms of simple verbs of the ե and ի conjugations is especially remarkable. Whereas in some dialects the original distinction between active vs. medio-passive inflection has been preserved, in other dialects simple verbs of the former ե and ի conjugations have coalesced into a single conjugation type partially or fully, whereby either the ending -իր or -է (< Old Arm.-եա՛) of the 2 sg. Imperative has been generalized as a result of analogical extension. Furthermore, on the one hand, the final ր of the Imperative sg. ending -իր has been lost either by phonetic change or by analogy in a number of dialects, and on the other hand, the final vowel -է (going back to the Old Armenian diphthong -եա՛) of the 2 sg. Imperative has undergone further change է>ի in the same dialectal areas. Hence, the final ի of the 2 sg. Imperative in such cases may in principle have resulted either from the phonetic and/or analogical loss of the final ր in the ending -իր or from the phonetic change է>ի. It is not infrequently hard to say unequivocally which of the two aforementioned developments is responsible for the appearance of the form in question. Besides, it is sometimes far from clear whether phonetic change or analogy has entailed the actual disappearance of the final ր in the ending -իր in a particular dialect. In this respect, the retention vs. loss of the final ր in the 2 sg. Imperative of irregular verbs mainly serves as a guideline for revealing the actual cause (namely, articulatory vs. analogical motivation) of the lack of the final ր in the 2 sg. Imperative of regular verbs, though the final ր of the 2 sg. Imperative of some irregular verbs is likely to have been restored secondarily by analogy with the 2 pl. Imperative in a few instances.

The Mistranslation of 1 Corinthians 11.26 in Vietnamese

This paper is concerned with the mistranslation of the Greek word καταγγέλλετε katangellete “you proclaim” in 1 Cor 11.26 in the first major Protestant translation of the Bible into Vietnamese, a problem that has continued to be reproduced in subsequent translations. The paper identifies the problem and discusses the importance of context in distinguishing the Greek second-person plural present active indicative and imperative forms. A solution to this historical translation problem is also suggested, involving the use of a particle indicating progressive aspect.

Language means of influencing the addressee in social advertising about Covid-19

The purpose of the article is to identify the most typical linguistic means of influencing the addressee in social advertising, warning about the danger of the Coronovirus pandemic. An analysis of materials that appeared on various social networks, videos on Youtube.com and on the Stopcoronavirus.rf website for the period from May 2020 to March 2022 showed the high-frequency use of language games (50 % of videos) and neologisms (50 %) in the first period of the pandemic. During the period of mass vaccination against coronavirus, the number of “language games” and “neologisms” in social advertising decreased to 42.3 % and 34.6 %, respectively. Based on the data obtained, the author conducts an analytical examination and draws a conclusion about the strategic shift that occurred in the model of the “social advertising” speech genre during the pandemic. The use of the imperative form of the verb in incentive sentences is the most active morphological tool in constructing the addressing of social advertising about COVID-19, regardless of the period of the pandemic. This is due to the most basic goal of social advertising - to encourage people to do or not to do something in their personal interests, as well as in the interests of society.

The Syntactic Formulas Used in Food and Eating Proverbs in Jordanian Arabic: A Linguistic Analysis

The present study focuses on studying colloquial Jordanian proverbs and sayings, particularly food and saying proverbs. It employs a descriptive research design to examine the syntactic aspects of those proverbs and sayings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather the data from the informants. The current study came up with a set of conclusions. Proverbs related to food and eating are similar to other kinds of proverbs regarding the utilization of syntactic aspects. Furthermore, it appears that these proverbs are limited to specific syntactic structures, namely, imperative, interrogative and verbless clauses in terms of their syntactic structures. To be more accurate, the verbless clause is the most 51 prominent structure (11 proverbs), then the imperative form (8 proverbs) and the interrogative (5 proverbs) one respectively.

Teamwork optimization based DTC for enhanced performance of IM based electric vehicle

The tailpipe emissions caused by vehicles using internal combustion engines are a significant source of air pollution. To reduce the health hazards caused by air pollution, advanced countries are now adopting the use of electric vehicles (EVs). Due to the advancement of electric vehicles, research and development efforts are being made to improve the performance of EV motors. With a nominal reference stator flux, the classical induction motor drive generates significant flux, torque ripple, and current harmonics. In this work, a teamwork optimization algorithm (TOA)-based optimal stator flux strategy is suggested for torque ripple reduction applied in a classical direct torque-controlled induction motor drive. The suggested algorithm's responsiveness is investigated under various steady-state and dynamic operating conditions. The proposed DTC-IM drive's simulation results are compared to those of the classical and fuzzy DTC-IM drives. The proposed system has been evaluated and found to reduce torque ripple, flux ripple, current harmonics, and total energy consumption by the motor. Further, a comparative simulation study of the above methods at different standard drive cycles is presented. Experimental verification of the proposed algorithm using OPAL-RT is presented. The results represent the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared to the classical DTC and fuzzy DTC IM drives. The torque ripple reduction approach described in this study can also be applied to all induction motors, not only those for electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

Imperatives as persuasion strategies in political discourse

Abstract This paper attempts to explore the extent to which imperatives, linguistically manifested in direct commands, attention-getters, and let-constructions, function as persuasion strategies in one of the speeches of President El-Sisi of Egypt. The main objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that imperatives, irrespective of their type, do not necessarily require a verbal or physical response, as is the case with their ordinary semantic function; however, they go beyond their common semantic functionality towards specific pragmatic purposes, targeting the communication of particular political meanings in discourse. Two main findings are revealed in this paper: first, El-Sisi uses imperatives to motivate his addressees’ pragmatic competence rather than to elicit their verbal performance. Second, the three forms of Arabic imperatives are persuasion strategies employed in the speech to initiate a cognitively communicative channel through which intended meanings are communicated to interlocutors.

Kalimat Imperatif dalam Film Imperfect: Karier, Cinta dan Timbangan

This study aims to identify, classify imperative forms and analyze imperative sentence functions. This research is a qualitative research. This study uses instruments in the form of human instruments, researchers with all their knowledge regarding the use of Indonesian orally which includes pragmatics in the form of speech. The data source for this research is a film called Imperfect. The results of the study show that: (1.) the imperfect film uses six kinds of imperative sentences. Imperative imperative sentences are the most used in imperfect films, which consist of 21 imperative sentences, 24 imperative sentences of request, 20 imperative sentences of invitation, 3 imperative sentences of hope or request, 8 imperative sentences of prohibition, and 2 imperative sentences of omission.

GRAMMATICAL COLLOCATION OF IMPERATIVES IN PRODUCT USER GUIDE

This research was conducted to find out what kind of English grammatical collocation used in Imperatives in Product User Guide. The research applied a qualitative descriptive method, the data from which were collected, analyzed and concluded without drawing a general conclusion. The data of this study are grammatical collocations in imperatives found in KRISBOW Impact Drill 500W User Guide. The analysis of the 69 collected data shows there are as many as 1 type GB data (1.4%), 2 GD type data (2.9%), 12 type Gd data (17.4%), 1 type GE data (1.4%), 2 type GH data (2.9%), 1 type GI data (1.4%), 8 type GL data (11.6%), 8 type GN data (11.6%), 29 type GP data (42.02%), 3 type GQ data (4.3%), 2 type Gs data (2.9%). In conclusion, type GP (Verb + (O) + Adverbial) is the most frequently used grammatical collocation in the form of imperatives in the User Guide.

Point Cloud Plane Segmentation-Based Robust Image Matching for Camera Pose Estimation

The mainstream image matching method for recovering the motion of the camera is based on local feature matching, which faces the challenges of rotation, illumination, and the presence of dynamic objects. In addition, local feature matching relies on the distance between descriptors, which easily leads to lots of mismatches. In this paper, we propose a new robust image matching method for camera pose estimation, called IM_CPE. It is a novel descriptor matching method combined with 3-D point clouds for image matching. Specifically, we propose to extract feature points based on a pair of matched point cloud planes, which are generated and segmented based on depth images. Then, the feature points are matched based on the distance between their corresponding 3-D points on the point cloud planes and the distance between their descriptors. Moreover, the robustness of the matching can be guaranteed by the centroid distance of the matched point cloud planes. We evaluate the performance of IM_CPE using four well-known key point extraction algorithms, namely Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Speed Up Robust Feature (SURF), Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST), and Oriented FAST and Rotated Brief (ORB), with four sequences from the TUM RGBD dataset. According to the experimental results, compared to the original SIFT, SURF, FAST, and ORB algorithms, the NN_mAP performance of the four key point algorithms has been improved by 11.25%, 13.98%, 16.63%, and 10.53% on average, respectively, and the M.Score has also been improved by 25.15%, 23.05%, 22.28%, and 11.05% on average, respectively. The results show that the IM_CPE can be combined with the existing key points extraction algorithms and the IM_CPE can significantly improve the performance of these key points algorithms.

Вербалізація спонукальної модальності в прозових творах для дітей: семантика і прагматика

Introduction. Children's literature is a special type of literature that combines aesthetic, didactic, and educational functions. The language of works for children is as closely related as possible to the implementation of these functions, which are aimed at the formation of a complete, independent, empathic personality. Imperative sentences play an important role at all stages of the development of a child's language competence. Purpose. The article aims to investigate the peculiarities of the verbalization of the imperative modality in prose for children, to determine which (non)specialized syntactic means for expressing the imperative modality are emphasized in prose works for children, the conditions of their actualization, which modifiers of the semantic-syntactic structure are used. Methods. Descriptive and interpretive methods were used to achieve the goal, and partly quantitative methods were used. Results. The Ukrainian language has developed a set of specialized and non-specialized means of verbalizing the imperative modality. The current importance of this or that syntactic means of verbalization of motivational modality in prose language for children depends on the age of the child. The most used one in the language of prose for children is the semantic-syntactic structure with a verbal predicate expressed in the imperative form. Prose works for children also use imperative nominative, vocative sentences and imperative sentences with a non-verbalized predicate of the adverbial and object type, but numerically, their use is infrequent. Besides, the use of simple imperative sentences with homogeneous members and the use of composite imperative sentences are also infrequent. Sporadic use of complex sentences or with different types of linking help to gradually develop the child's cognitive and evaluative abilities. Personal pronominal noun, modifiers (filler words, particles, addressing personally, exclamations) in imperative sentences strengthen / weaken its variant meaning, add additional shades of meaning to the main meaning of the statement or a separate component. The results of the research will be useful for editors of prose works for preschoolers and children of primary school age. Conclusion. In the language of prose for children, only specialized means of verbalization of the imperative modality are used, among which the semantic-syntactic structure with a verbalized predicate expressed in the imperative form is the most used. Imperative nominative, vocative sentences and imperative sentences with non-verbalized predicate of adverbial and object type, simple imperative sentences with homogeneous members, composite imperative sentences are sporadically used. We see the prospects for further scientific research in the following: to investigate the verbalization of the imperative modality on a wider empirical material, to trace the dynamics of the actualization of specialized and non-specialized means of verbalization of the imperative modality in prose works for children of different ages and in spontaneous children's speech, to propose a classification of children's expressions of the imperative modality.

МОРАЛЬНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ НАЦІЇ: ДОВІРА ТАЛЮДЯНІСТЬ

The moral factors of the formation of the modern Ukrainian political nation are investigated. State policy is determined by the national interests of the entire society, ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens. For the formation of a consolidated political nation, the following are important: statehood, democratic system, common interests, preservation of historical memory, establishment of social harmony, tolerance and consensus. The traced foundation of Ukrainian national unity is trust and humanity in relations. In traditional culture, relations between people were based on the principles of trust, responsibility, obligation, respect, goodness and justice, collective concern for one’s neighbor, and devotion to the native land. Foreign insult imposed a foreign matrix of behavior in Ukraine, the canons of which were treason and service to the authorities, deception, hatred of others and contempt for the weak, which significantly affected the completeness and content of the moral imperatives of Ukrainianism. Particular attention is paid to the categories of trust and betrayal: the first appears to be a tiresome source of growth of the unity of the nation, the second is its destroyer and a means of increasing the resource potential of the aggressors. Emphasis is placed on the functions of the main forms of moral imperatives — value and consolidation: in the first case, we are talking about integrating ties within the ethnic group and its subsystems, in the second — the synergy of interpersonal positive relationships based on trust, understanding and mutual assistance between moral subjects.